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Water treatment equipment
Sichuan Shanshui Technology Co., Ltd.
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Basic definitions
High purity water/Ultrapure water
Pure water
Softened water
Original water/raw water
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Original water
The original water/raw water is refer to the
natural untreated water. In a broad way,
we call it raw water that hasn’t been in the process
of water-treating. For example, the water that will
be sent to the settling pond can be called raw water.
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Various water sources
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Softened water
What is softened water?
It refers to the water whose water hardness had
been reduced to a certain degree(especially the
removal or reduction of calcium & magnesium
ions) .When the water is being softened, its
hardness will lower but the total ion content will
be unchanged.
Treating technology: Na-ion Exchanger
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Water-softening devices
Na-ion Exchanger: Static bed/fixed bed
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Water-softening devices
Na-ion Exchanger: Floating bed
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Pure water
Pure water：The water in which the strong electrolyte
had been removed and the weak electrolyte like silicic acid
& carbon dioxide had been reduced to a certain degree can
be called pure water. The Salinity of pure water is below
1.0mg/L, and the electrical conductivity is less than
50μs/cm.
Treating technology: Pre-treatment(conventional
filtration /disc type filtering/ ultrafiltration /microfiltration）
+membrane filtration（RO/Nanofiltration）
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Installations
Main tech：ultrafiltration + RO Main tech：conventional filtration + RO
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High purity water/Ultrapure water
High purity water/ Ultrapure water ：To remove almost all the conducting medium in the water as well as to reduce the persistent colloidal substance ,gases & organic matters in it to a very low level, we got high purity water/ultrapure water.
For the high purity water, the electrical conductivity is less than 0.067μs/cm while the resistivity exceeds 15 MΩ.cm
Treating tech:Pre-treatment（conventional filtration/disc type filtration/ultrafiltration
/microfiltration）+RO + continuous EDI
Pre-treatment （conventional filtration/disc type filtration/ultrafiltration /microfiltration）+RO +Ion exchange
Pre-treatment （conventional filtration/disc type filtration/ultrafiltration
/microfiltration）+RO + continuous EDI +polishing mixed bed
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Equipments
Main tech: RO+continuous EDI Main tech: RO+ mixed bed
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Installations
Main tech: Ultrafiltration+ RO+continuous EDI +polishing mixed bed
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Category Introduction
Nanofiltration membrane filter
Ultrafiltration membrane filter
Conventional filter
Integrated water purifier
RO filter
Ion exchanger
Continuous EDI equipment
Polishing mixed bed
Microporus filter
Disc filter
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Integrated water purifier
Integrated water purifier is used to purify the surface
water that comes from the river and lake. It collected all the
advantages of flocculation, precipitation, sewage disposal,
backwashing and water collecting filtration in itself. It is
such a water purification device that can achieve single unit
operation automatically ,moreover, it is also the important
unit to achieve automated management on the basis of
unmanned operation
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Inflow water quality & effluent quality
of Integrated water purifier
Inflow water quality Effluent quality
Index Value Index Value
Turbidity ≤3000ppm Turbidity ≤5ppm
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Appearance of the Integrated water purifier
Working pressure is about 0.05MPa，water discharging pressure is about 0.02MPa
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Conventional filter
Mechanical filterIn order to removing the iron &
manganese ions as well as
reducing the suspended solids &
the turbidity, the filtering tanks
were filled in with different filter
medium(quartz sand, anthracite,
manganese sand ) for grading.
The filters are made of
fiberglass/carbon steel/stainless
steel
Conventional filter
Active carbon filterIn order to absorbing residual chlorine, removing organic substances as well as reducing the chroma etc, the filtering tanks were filled in with active carbon for grading; The filters are made of fiberglass/carbon steel/stainless steel
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The inflow water quality & effluent quality
of conventional filters
1
Inflow water quality for
Multi-media filter ：
2
Inflow water quality for
Manganese sand filter ：
3
Inflow water quality for
activated carbon filter：
Index Inflow effluent
Turbidity ≤15NTU ≤3NTU
Suspended
solids≤20mg/L ≤2mg/L
Index Inflow effluent
Fe ≤6mg/L ≤0.3mg/L
Mn ≤0.5mg/L ≤0.1mg/L
Index Inflow effluent
Turbidity ≤5NTU ≤1NTU
Chroma ≤15 ≤5
Residual
Cl≤3mg/L ≤0.1mg/L
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Appearance of conventional filters
For the conventional filters, the water inflowed at the top and outflowed at the bottom;
the flow velocity is 8-12m/h;working station switchover: running,backwashing,normal washing
Running pressure: around 0.3MPa，manual control or automatic control
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Disc filter
Filtration
components
A group of filter plates with grooves（different filter
plates are selected according to the inflow water quality).
there are many arrises with different structure on both
sides of the filter plate overlapped together to keep the
suspended solids by constituting the intercepting layer
Filtration
mode
When the raw water entered into the filter unit ,the
spring and the water pressed on the filter plates with
grooves ,the suspended solids and alga were reserved
on the intercepting layer of filter plates ,then clean
water passed through the compressed filter
FunctionTo remove the larger impurities; to protect
safety running of the follow-up equipment.
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Disc filtration devices
Work functional picture Equipment pic
Water inlet
Water outlet
Backwash valve
Filtration status
Backwash
status
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Microporus filter
Microfiltration is called micro porous filtration which belongs to the fine filtration. It
takes the porous membrane(Microporous Membrane) as the filtering medium to hold
back those particles like grit, ooze and loam as well as the giardia, cryptosporidium, alga
and some bacteria etc in the solution when pushed by the pressure of 0.1~0.3MPa,while
most solvent, micromolecular solutes and a little macromolecular solutes can pass
through the membrane separation process.
Features: The particles from 0.1 to 1 μm can be held back by microfiltration, because
the microfiltration membrane lets the macromolecular organics and inorganic salt pass
through, but prevents the suspended solids, bacteria, some virus and some big colloforms
from penetrating it. Generally, the running pressure difference(the effective driving
force) between both sides of the microfiltration membrane is 0.7bar; it is high-efficiency,
convenient and economic.
How it works? Screening, filtration at cake layer, depth filtration. Generally speaking,
the separation mechanism of microfiltration acts as the screening mechanism, the
physical structure of the membrane plays a decisive role during the whole process, in
addition, such factors as the absorbtion and electrical property have an effect on
interception rate too.
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Microporus filter pics
Cartridge filter：plastic shell Cartridge filter：304 stainless steel Bag filter
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The ultrafiltration membrane
used in producing industrial pure
water is mainly hollow fiber
membrane
The hollow fiber membrane
includes internal pressure type &
external pressure type
For the external pressure hollow
fiber membrane,the raw water
entered in from the outside of
membrane while the purified
water was got from the inside of
membrane.otherwise,it’s the
internal pressure type.
The ultrafiltration is a seperation process that one kind of pressurized active membrane is used to hold back the colloforms, particles and those solids with high molecular weight and let the water and small solute particles penetrate it
The typical diameter of ultrafiltration membrane hole is from 0.01 to 0.1 µms.The smaller the hole is,the higher removal rate is.Be used to remove particulates,bacteria and reduce the turbidity of water
Ultrafiltration membrane filter
Working
principleClassification Main function
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Inflow water quality & effluent quality
of ultrafiltration
Index Inflow Outflow
TDS ＜5% —
Diameter of particles ＜100μm —
Turbidity＜15NTU（PVC）
＜0.1NTU＜25NTU（PVDF）
oil/lipid ＜2mg/L —
SDI ＜3
Bateria removal rate ≥99.99%
PH 2-11 —
Temp 5-45℃ —
Max instantaneous tolerate
residual chlorine
concentration
＜0.5ppm —
Total Fe content ＜1ppm —
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Ultrafiltration membrane component structure
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Auxiliary systems to ultrafiltration
Backwas
hing
system
This system includes backwashing water tank(usually works with ultrafiltration water tank),backwashing pump and backwashing dosing device( Naclo,acid,alkali) Such backwashing performs for every 30 mins and can extend to 30~60s.The exact time will depends on the difference of water quality.
Cleaning
system
This system includes water tank cleansing system,washing pump and precision filter;it is usually acid pickling/alkali cleaning.Such cleaning performs for every 3 months and can extend to 1~2 hoursThe exact time will depends on the difference of water quality.
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Ultrafiltration installations
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To remove the organics in surface water and the chroma of water;to reduce the hardness and radioactive radium in well water;to remove partly the soluble salt;to seperate the useful substances from medicines.
NF is one kind of membrane seperation process driven by pressure between RO and UF.The diameter range of NF is just about several nanameters.Its operating pressure is lower than that of RO,therefore,it is also called low pressure RO or Loose RO
Drinkable water producing equipmentTo recycle/remove micromoleculeorganicsConcentrated juiceOil-water serepationTo purify,concentrate,desalt for the dye stuff
Nanofiltration
Description Function Application
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Nanofiltration membrane structure
Membrane component shell
Central permeation tube Raw stuff
(medium)
Membrane
Nano filtered permeate
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Nanafiltration installations
This system includes water tank cleansing system,washing pump and precision filter;it is usually acid pickling/alkali cleaning.Such cleaning performs for every 6 months approximately and can extend to 1~2 hours.The exact time will depends on the difference of water quality
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Reverse osmosis
Description：Reverse osmosis is one kind of membrane seperation process
to seperate the solvent from solution on the condition that driven by pressure
difference.When putting pressure on the solution at one side of membrane, if
the pressure is beyond its osmotic pressure,the solvent will permeate the
membrane in reverse,then,the solvent passed by at low pressure side of
membrane,we called such solvent penetrating fluid,and the solution got at high
pressure side of membrane is contrated solution.
Application:Space water production,pure water production,distilled water
production; liquor manufacturing & water for alcohol reduction;pre-production
of medical water & electronics industry use water; contration
process,seperation process,purification process and water distribution process
in chemical industry; desalting & softening of boiler feedwater ; sea water &
better water desalinization;water production & sewage treatment in paper
industry,electroplating industry,dyeing industry,food industry ; advanced
treatment of municipal wastewater
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Working principle of RO
Basic principle：The dilute solution(fresh water) and the concentrated solution(sea water or saline water) with same volume are poured respectively into a vessel of which there is a semipermeable membrane set in the middle to cut off the two kinds of solution,the solvent included in dilute solution will naturally pass through the semipermeable membrane to flow into the concentrated solution side,the liquid level of the concentrated solution will be higher than that of the dilute solution,which forms pressure difference(namely osmotic pressure) and achieves osmotic balance;how such osmotic pressure is depends on the kinds,concentration and temperature of the concentrated solution but has nothing to do with the quality of semipermeable membrane. If there is a pressure that higher than osmotic pressure forced on the concentration solution side,the solvent in the concentrated solution will flow into the dilute solution side,the flowing direction of such solvent is contrary to original direction,we called it RO.
Semipermeable membrane
Solute+solvent
Solute
Initial state
Osm
otic
pressu
reSolute+solvent Solute
Solute
Osmosis & osmotic balance
pressuring
Solute+solvent
solvent
solvent
Semipermeable membrane
Semipermeable membrane
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Inflow water quality of RO
IndexAllowable value How to dispose?
Membrane polluted index
Suspended solids
turbidity ＜1NTUFiltration, flocculation,microfiltratio
n,ultrafiltration
SDI15 ＜5Filtration,flocculation,microfiltration
,ultrafiltration
particles ＜100个/mlfiltration,flocculation,microfiltration,
ultrafiltration
microorganism ＜1个/mlSterilization,microfiltration,ultrafiltr
ation
Metallic oxideFe、Fe3+ ＜50μg/L Oxidization+precipitation/filtration
Mn、Mn ＜50μg/L dispersing agent is used
scaling substances
CaCO3 LSI＜0 antiscaling agent is used
CaSO4 ＜230% antiscaling agent is used
BaSO4 ＜6000% antiscaling agent is used
SrSO4 ＜800% antiscaling agent is used
CaF2The concentration of thick water＜
1.7mg/L
Ca（PO4）2The concentration of thick water can not
exceed the solubility
SiO2 ＜100%或＜40ppm
organics oil 0 Air floatation,absorbtion
TOC ＜10mg/LActive carbon,filtration, resin-
absorbtion
COD ＜10mg/LActive carbon,filtration, resin-
absorbtion
BOD ＜5mg/LActive carbon,filtration, resin-
absorbtion
Membrane cracking index
PH value 3～10 Controlled by acid & alkali
temp 5～45℃ Heat exchanger
oxidizing agent
Residual chlorine ＜0.1mg/LReducing agent,active carbon
absortionozone 0
Others 0
alcohol ＜10% N/A
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RO installations
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Ion exchange
Cation bed Anion bed Mixed bed TEXT
The cation bed is also called cation exchager in which the casion resion is filled to remove the positive ion of the water.
The anion bedis also called anionexchanger in which the anion resin is filled to remove the negative ion of the water
The mixed bed is also called mixed bed exchanger in which the cation-anion resin is filled to remove both positive and negative ion of the water
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Inflow water quality & effluent quality of the first stage compound-bed
Water treatment
processIndex Inflow Outflow
The first stage
compound bed
Total positive ion ≤6mmol/L
Total strong acidic
negative ion≤1.5mmol/L
SiO3(-2) ＜15mg/L ＜0.1mg/L
Electric conductivity ≤10μS/cm
The first stage compound bed：cation bed—carbon remover-anion bed
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Inflow water quality & effluent quality required
by the first stage compound bed+mixed bed
Water treatment
processIndex Inflow Outflow
The first stage
compound bed+mixed
bed
Total positive ion ≤10mmol/L
Total strong acidic
negative ion≤3mmol/L
SiO3(-2) ＜15mg/L ＜0.02mg/L
Electric conductivity ≤0.2μS/cm
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Ion exchange equipment
The resins filled in the ion exchange system
had to be regenerated by acid & alkali at
regular intervals as the circumstances may
require 。
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No need to acid-alkali regeneration,advanced technology,compact structure,easy to operate,effluent quality is steady,easy to achieve automatic control ，small size and so on
EDI combined skillfully the electroosmosiswith the ion exchange technique , the charged ion in the water moves under the high pressure of both electrodes，along with ion exchange resin & selective resin membrane,EDI can speed up ions’ movement and removal to purify the water
Semi-conductor & ultrapure water electronics industryBiology & pharmaceutical industry-purified waterPower station-boiler feedwaterReplace various kind of distilled waterOther industries who has higher requirement for the purity of water
Electro deionization(EDI)
Description Advantages Application
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EDI Inflow water quality& effluent quality
Water treatment
processIndex Inflow Outflow
EDI
Electric conductivity 2-40μs/cm
electrical resistivity ≥14MΩ.cm
SiO2 ＜1mg/L
Total hardness（take CaCO3
as example）＜1mg/L
ＰＨvalue 4～11 4～11
Inlet water pressure 1.4-7Bar
Si ＜0.5mg/L
Temp 4-45℃
dissolved organics(ＴＯＣ) ＜0.5mg/L
Residual chlorine ＜0.02mg/L
Fe,Mn,sulfide ＜0.01mg/L
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EDI Installations
EDI washing
system includes
washing
box,washing pump
and precision
filter,usually works
along with RO
washing system.
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EDI installations
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Polishing mixed bed/One-time mixed bed
The polishing mixed bed is also called one-time mixed bed, it is usually
used in the end of the whole process to improve the effluent quality
furtherly. The resin used for the polishing mixed bed can not be
regenerated and reused, as a general rule, the resin had to be replaced at
a interval of about 8-12 months.
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One-time mixed bed installations
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In summary
In general, all the equipment in our company are designed
and supplied as per customers’s requirements, project
status and our project experience, guaranteed quality and
completed after-sale service system are supplied together.
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