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Shoaib iqbal
In the name of Allah, the beneficent the merciful
Soil contamination and remediation
What is Soil What is soil contamination Natural and anthropogenic activities Causes What is soil Remediation Soil Remediation- Types of Techniques My point of view
Contents
SOILThe upper layer of earth in which plants grow, a black or dark brown material typically consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay, and rock particles and mixtures of minerals, water, air, organic matter, and countless organisms
Soil contamination
Soil contamination is when the concentration of chemicals, nutrients or elements in the soil becomes more than it normally as a result of human action. If this contamination goes on to harm living organisms, we can call it pollution
Natural and anthropogenic activitiesAnthropogenic
Accidental spills and leaks during storage (transport
or use of chemicals )
Mining activities (crushing and processing of raw materials )
Agricultural activities (spread of herbicides/pesticides/ and
fertilizers)
Transportation activities (e.g., vehicle emissions)
Dumping of chemicals (such as illegal dumping)
Storage of wastes in landfills (which may leak to
groundwater or generate polluted vapors)
Natural activities Natural accumulation of compounds in soil: (due to
imbalances between atmospheric deposition and leaching away
with precipitation water) Natural production in soil under certain environmental
conditions: (natural formation of soil in the presence of a chlorine
source, metallic object and using the energy generated by a
thunderstorm)
Leaks from sewer lines into subsurface: (e.g. adding chlorine
which could generate such as chloroform)
Causes by contamination Reduction in soil fertility Imbalance is the flora and fauna of the soil. Salinity increases in the soil making it unfit for
cultivation. Crops grown on polluted soil cause health problems on
consumption Soil pollution creates toxic dust. Foul odor due to chemicals and gases can lead to
problems like headaches, nausea, etc. Pollutants in soil causing death of many soil organisms Accidents in goods transport
Causes
Soil remediation, also known as soil washing
Various processes designed to remove contaminants from soil
Like : heavy metals, pesticides, cyanides, volatiles, creosote, and
semi-volatiles from soil
Soil Remediation
Bioremediation In-situ bioremediation Ex-situ bioremediation
Thermal Desorption Encapsulation Soil Chemical
Oxidation Stabilization Soil Washing Soil Disposal
Soil Remediation- Types of Techniques
Bio-remediation refers to the process of using micro organism.
To remove the environmental pollutants or prevent pollution,
The removal of organic waste by microbes for environmental cleanup is the essence of bioremediation.
The other name used for bio-remediation are bio-treatment, bio-reclamation, and bio restoration.
Bio-Remediation
Types of Bio-RemediationIn-situ bioremediationEx-situ bioremediation
What is In Situ Ex Situ Remediation
In situ remediation is performed directly on the site without excavating soil contaminants or disturbance to the soil structure.Ex situ remediation is performed indirectly process, excavation of contaminated soil, which is transported to a special landfill, where treated.
Thermal DesorptionThermal desorption is a process where heat is used to
remove contaminants from soil
thermal desorption processes can be categorized into two
groups:
high temperature
(320 to 560ºC) and
low temperature
(90 to 320ºC)
Encapsulation
Encapsulation process does not filter contaminants from
soil it separates them.
It mixing the polluted soil with lime, cement, and concrete,
to preventing the contaminants from spreading to clean
soil.
Soil Chemical Oxidation chemical oxidation involves the injection or direct mixing of
chemical oxidants into soil for the primary purpose and complete contaminant destruction
Chemox (CHEMOX OXYGEN BREATHING APPARATUS) involves oxidizing contaminants with the purpose of reducing the concentration.
Stabilization is the process of blending materials with a soil to improve properties of the soil.
stabilization reduces the power of hazardous substances and contaminants in the environment through both physical and chemical
Stabilization is a wide sense methods Stabilization is being used for a variety of engineering works like
construction of road.
Stabilization
Soil washing is the process in which water is used to remove contaminants from soil such an organic ,inorganic and radioactive contaminants .
The process works by dissolving contaminants in the wash solution.
Most organic and inorganic contaminants bind to clay, silt, and organic soil particles.
Washing separates the small particles from the large particles. Separated material is smaller in volume and more easily
disposed
Soil Washing
Soil Disposal This can be the simplest solution to contaminated land,
excavate, haul and dispose of the contaminated soils Used to be that simple before the landfill tax escalator
was introduced and environmental responsibilities started to grow.
soil disposal is still a reachable option, it’s just cheap used to be.
Should Ban on use of plastic bags.
Authority should Recycling of
plastic wastes.
Must be ban on deforestation.
Increasing plantation programs.
Social and agro forestry programs.
Awareness campaign programs.
Some steps to reduce soil contamination/pollution