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Lecture no.11
Urban Design
Visual Analysis
Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
What visual analysis means?
Visual Analysis is the method to interpret information and surroundings from visible messages reaching the eye .
How can you analyze an urban space?
You can analyze it by :
1 .Visiting the urban space
2 .Studying visual material : *technical drawings
*perspectives *Via photos, videos
3 .Reading about it
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
visual analysis purpose
The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the procedure used to analyze the form, function and significance of the urban space as an element within a given urban context. In order to appraise the urban status
we experience …
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
visual analysis sequences
First : Urban context : time “history” and place “location”
Second : Morphological analysis : plans, sections “ axis, distance, height, 2d shape ”… ,
Third : 3d form analysis ,elevations, “proportion, symmetry, balance, details”… ,
Forth: serial vision studyFifth : urban experience “urban sense, identity,
style ”
Urban Context Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Basic Information
LocationLocated in the Vatican City in RomeConsidered one of the greatest churches of Christianity
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Tiber river
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
LocationSt. Peter's is located in Vatican City, across the river Tiber, west of Rome's center. Vatican City is completely surrounded by the city of Rome.
Location
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
the Porto di Popolo
Roman Coloseum
Campidoglio
Piazza venezia
"piazza Augusto imperator"
Pantheon
It is the symbolic "Mother church" of the catholic church and is regarded as one of the holiest Christian sites.
It has been described as "holding a unique position in the Christian world" and as "the greatest of all churches
of Christendom."
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Significance
Sixtus certainly did what he could to unify Rome during his five years.
He was seeking not so much a visual, architectural unity as an ecclesiastical coherence for the
city .His aim was to link the seven major churches and shrines of Rome with roads by which pilgrims could make their circuits of them
all in a single day .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Significance
The most important church of all, Saint Peter’s, was remote from most of the others on the far side of the River Tiber beyond the Castel Sant’ Angelo .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Significance
According to ancient tradition, St. Peter was martyred in the Nero Circus and buried nearby. His simple grave was remembered and visited by the faithful, and in 324, Emperor Constantine began construction on a great basilica over the tomb. The shrine of St. Peter is still the central focus of the church today.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
History
In Catholic tradition, it is the burial site of its namesake Saint Peter, who was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus and, according to tradition, first bishop of Rome and therefore first in the line of the papal succession.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Because this is the burial site of St. Peter, many other popes have been buried beneath the Basilica.
History
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
The Saint Peter’s Basilica we know today is a renovation made to the old basilica, which was originally built in approx. 330 AD by Constantine .
St. Peter's Basilica was rebuilt in the 16th century by Renaissance masters including Bramante, Michelangelo and Bernini
History
History of St. Peter's Square
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
The site's possibilities were under many constraints from
existing structures. The massed accretions of the Vatican Palace crowded the space to the right of the basilica's façade; the structures needed to be masked without obscuring the papal
apartments .
History of St. Peter's Square
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
The open space which lies before the basilica was redesigned by Gian Lorenzo Bernini from 1656 to 1667, under the direction of Pope Alexander VII, as an appropriate forecourt, designed
"so that the greatest number of
people could see the Pope give his blessing, either
from the middle of the façade of the church or from a
window in the Vatican Palace" (Norwich 1975 p
175) .
Earlier Popes had connected Saint Peter’s and the Castel which was linked across the Tiber to medieval Rome by bridge, the Ponte Sant’ Angelo .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
History
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
1013 meters
760 meters
280 meters
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Static space Static space
Static space
Dynamic space
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Semi private space
Semi public
Public
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
preliminary space
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
The colonnades define the piazza .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis The ellipse's long
axis of the piazza, which contrasts with the trapezoidal entrance, encloses the visitor with "the maternal arms of Mother Church" in Bernini's expression.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
The ellipse's long axis, parallel to the basilica's façade, creates a pause in the sequence of forward movements that is characteristic of a Baroque monumental approach .
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis In the
center of the square is a 25.5-meter-tall
obelisk ,
If you include the cross on top and the base, the obelisk reaches
40m .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis Between the obelisk and each fountain is a circular stone that marks the focal points of an ellipse.
If you stand on one of these points, you will see only the fist row of columns .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
In 1817 circular stones were set to mark the tip of the obelisk's shadow at noon as the sun entered each of the signs of the zodiac, making the obelisk a
gigantic sundial's gnomon .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
There are two beautiful fountains in the square.
The fountain on the right is the work of Carlo Maderno (1613). Bernini, who designed the square, had it erected where it now stands, and for purposes of symmetry built the fountain on the
left (1675) .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
As you look at this aerial picture of the rounded open plaza in front of the cathedral, you can see that it is centered on an Egyptian obelisk with the lines of the spokes of a wheel radiating out to the eight cardinal directions of the globe.
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
There also is an opening in the plaza facing east
and west .
“Here we are seeing the “Eight Wheel Path of Enlightenment” centered on a circular
hub”.
The root of this symbol is in Eight Paths of Enlightenment of Buddha corrupted
into what we call Black Magic today .
The eight levels in the path of learning are what a young neophyte in a satanic coven must attain before he has reached the level of “full
enlightenment .”
.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
The root of this symbol is in Eight Paths of Enlightenment of Buddha corrupted
into what we call Black Magic today .
The eight levels in the path of learning are what a young neophyte in a satanic coven must attain before he has reached the level of “full
enlightenment .”
.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis The trapezoidal shape
of the piazza, which creates a heightened perspective for a visitor leaving the basilica and has been praised as a masterstroke of Baroque theater, is largely a product of site constraints.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis The dome of St. Peter's was designed by Michelangelo, who became chief
architect in 1546 .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Morphological Analysis
The grand façade is 116 m wide and 53 m high. Built from 1608 to 1614, it was designed by Carlo
Modeno .
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
3d Form Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Symmetry
Balance
Unity
Varity
Dominance
3d Form Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
3d Form Analysis
The central balcony is called the Loggia of the Blessings.
The relief under the balcony, by Buonvicino, represents Christ giving the keys to St. Peter.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
3d Form Analysis
The facade is topped by 13 statues in travertine .From left, the statues represent: Thaddeus, Matthew, Philip, Thomas, James the Elder, John the Baptist, Christ the Redeemer (in the center), Andrew, John the Evangelist, James the Younger, Bartholomew, Simon and Matthias. St. Peter's statue in this set is inside.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
3d Form Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Uniquely, Michelangelo's dome is not a hemisphere, but a parabola: it has a vertical thrust, which is made more emphatic by the bold ribbing that springs from the paired Corinthian columns, which appear to be part of the drum, but which stand away from it like buttresses, to absorb the outward thrust of the dome's weight. Above, the vaulted dome rises to Fontana's two-stage lantern, capped with a spire.
3d Form Analysis
Two clocks are on either side; the one on the left is electrically operated since 1931, with its oldest bell dating to 1288. Stretching across the facade is the dedicatory inscription: IN HONOREM PRINCIPIS APOST PAVLVS V BVRGHESIVS ROMANVS PONT MAX AN MDCXII PONT VII (In honor of the prince of apostles; Paul V Borghese, pope, in the year 1612 and the seventh year of his pontificate)
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
3d Form Analysis
Near the stairs to the basilica at the front of the square are colossal statues of Sts.
Peter and Paul, the patron saints of Rome .
The new statues had been commissioned by the previous pope for St. Paul Outside the Walls. Peter stands 5.55m in height, on a pedestal 4.91m high.
Paul was sculpted in 1838 by Adamo Tadolini, and is also 5.55m in height, on a pedestal 4.91m high.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
3d Form Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
3d Form Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
3d Form Analysis The colossal Tuscan colonnades, four columns deep, frame the trapezoidal entrance to the basilica and the massive
elliptical area which precedes it ..
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Bernini gave order to the space with his renowned colonnades, using the Tuscan form, the simplest order in the classical vocabulary, not to compete with the palace-like façade by Carlo Maderno, but he employed it on an unprecedented colossal scale to suit the space and evoke emotions of awe.
3d Form Analysis
" One hundred and forty saints stand atop, visible assurance of the power of faith to transform us, and signaling by their mute presence, sort of an inanimate guard of honor, that we are moving onto sacred ground."- Sister Wendy
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
3d Form Analysis
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Serial Vision Study
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Serial Vision Study
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Serial Vision Study
Serial Vision Study
Serial Vision Study
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Serial Vision Study
Serial Vision Study
Serial Vision Study
Urban Experience Study
No church has so magnificent an approach as does St Peter's. As we move across the Vatican square before us, we are enfolded in the lofty embrace of Bernini's colonnade. Marble pillars that are meant to welcome us into the spiritual experience of the basilica itself.
Urban Design courseZaqaziq University
Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Architecture
Lecture no.11
Urban Experience Study
Thank you!!!!
