COMMON

DISEASES

IN

BANANA

Hashani Amarasinghe

512260181

Open University Of Sri Lanka

Hashani Amarasinghe

BIS Agriculture

Contents 1. About Banana

2. Taxonomy

3. Botanical description

4. Diseases

5. Black Leaf Streak

6. Freckle

7. Fusarium wilt (Panama disease)

8. Cumcumber Mosaic Virus

9. References Hashani Amarasinghe

BIS Agriculture

https://www.pinterest.com/crazyladykim/mini

ons/

Banana

• Banana is an edible fruit, botanically

a berry

• The fruit is variable in size, color and

firmness, but is usually elongated and

curved, with soft flesh rich

in starch covered with a rind which may be

green, yellow, red, purple, or brown when

ripe

• The fruits grow in clusters hanging from

the top of the plant[1]

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BIS Agriculture

Taxonomy

• Family: MUSACEAE

• Genus: Musa

• MUSACEAE is important not only for fruit production

Heloconia spp., Strelitzia reginae, Ravenala

madagascarensis : Ornamental landscape plants

M. textilis: For fiber

• Banana or plantain cultivars have been derived from

two main species

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1. Musa acuminata Colla

- Wild, Edible banana,

Either a diploid (2n) or a

triploid (3n), Symbolized

as AA genetically and

AAA taxonomically

AAA genome: Gros Michel, Giant

Cavendish, Dwarf Cavendish

AA genome: Lady finger

http://wildlifeofhawaii.com/flowers/1575/musa-acuminata-banana/

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2. Musa balbisiana Colla

- Seedy fruited, Inedible, Disease resistant,

Drought tolerant, Hardiness for

environmental factors, Diploid, Symbolized

as BB

http://www.balinghasai-farms.info/2012/08/09/native-wild-

edible-musa-balbisiana/

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Botanical Description • Large, herbaceous monocots

• Trunk or pseudostem is not a true stem

• 5-15 leaves on each plant

• Perennial portion of the plant is the corm

• It produces suckers

• Bears fruit 10 – 12 moths after planting

• Inflorescence is a spike originating from the tip

of the corm

• Fruit is an epigenous berry, fruits borne in

“hands” of up to 20 fruits with 5-13 hands per

spike Hashani Amarasinghe

BIS Agriculture

DISEASES 1. Black Leaf Streak • Casual agent: Fungus – Mycosphaerella fijiensis

• Symptoms:

- First apparent symptoms of leaf infection are short, reddish-brown lines

about 2 mm long

- Lines turn into brown streaks 20-30 mm long which broaden into elliptical

spots ), brown on the underside of the leaf, black on the upper surface

- Spots are slightly sunken and

surrounded by a yellowish halo

- Finally, the spots merge, killing the leaf[2]

Hashani Amarasinghe

BIS Agriculture

http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/uhmg/FAQ/faq-blkleafstreak-

banana.asp

• Control measures: - Regular application of a high-

refined low sulpher miscible oil +

Dithane FZ fungicide

- Covering the bunch with plastic

bags

DISEASES

2. Freckle • Casual agent: Fungus – Phyllostictina musarum

• Symptoms:

- Affects the appearance of the fruit

- Rough, freckle-like spots that occur on infected fruit

and leaves

- Finger rot

• Control measures:

- Regular application of

Benlate (Benomyl)

- The use of plastic bag

cover over the bunch Hashani Amarasinghe

BIS Agriculture

DISEASES 3. Fusarium Wilt (Panama disease)

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BIS Agriculture

• Casual agent: Fungus – Fusarium oxyporum f. sp. cubense

• Symptoms:

- Irregular yellowing of the margins of older leaves, which later

turn brown and dry out

- Wilted appearance

- Stem may split, which is often

followed by death of the parent

stem

• Control measures:

- Exclusion of the pest and simple farm hygiene procedures [3]

http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/management/banana

panama/

DISEASES 4. Cucumber Mosaic

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BIS Agriculture

• Casual agent: CMV – Cucumber Mosaic Virus

• Symptoms: - Mosaic pattern of light and dark green (or yellow and green) on the leaves

- Yellow streaking of leaves

- Ring-spots or line patterns on

leaves or fruit

• Control measures: - Controlling vectors (Aphids)

- Purchase virus-free plants

- Discard virus infected plants

- Disinfest tools used for vegetative

propagation frequently [4] Scot Nelson, Flickr CC-licensed

References

1. Wikipedia. 2015. Banana. [ONLINE] Available

at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana. [Accessed 06 July 15].

2. American Samoa Community College Community & Natural Resources

Cooperative Research & Extension. 2004. Pests and Diseases of

American Samoa. [ONLINE] Available

at:http://www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/adap/ASCC_LandGrant/Dr_Brooks/Broch

ureNo10.pdf. [Accessed 15 July 15].

3. Plant Health Australia. 2013. Panama disease. [ONLINE] Available

at:http://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/wp-

content/uploads/2013/03/Panama-disease-FS.pdf. [Accessed 15 July 15].

4. Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences. 2015. Cucumber Mosaic

Virus. [ONLINE] Available at:http://extension.psu.edu/pests/plant-

diseases/all-fact-sheets/cucumber-mosaic-virus. [Accessed 15 July 15].

Hashani Amarasinghe

BIS Agriculture

Hashani Amarasinghe

BIS Agriculture

• Hashani Amarasinghe

• 512260181

• Open University Of Sri Lanka

THANK YOU!

http://www.fruitnet.com/americafruit/article/158524/chiquita-puts-minions-to-work