Livestock Sector Policy Making Process - Indonesia 2015

Tjeppy D. Soedjana

Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development-ICARD

Ministry of Agriculture

LIVESTOCK SECTOR POLICY MAKING PROCESS: INDONESIA

FAO Inception Meeting TCP/RAS/3507 Building Policy Capacity Towards Sustainable Livestock Development

Bangkok, Thailand, 7-8 April 2015

Contents

• Introduction

• Livestock sector policy

• Policy making process

• Policy documents

• Constitutions on livestock and animal health

• Related livestock policy documents

• Strengths and weakness of current policy;

• Priority areas and institutions for policy

analysis capacity enhancement;

Introduction (1)

• In a developing economy, understanding policy and the

policy processes that result in certain decisions on

livestock sector at various levels is important, as growing

middle and upper income groups demand more livestock

products.

• In such environment, livestock policy should be a

statement of guiding principles and goals in addressing a

certain issue, and it should be a means for the public

including the farmers, to hold public institutions

accountable for their actions.

• However, this is not always the case as the policy

processes are often quite complex, and policy making is

mostly considered as an objective logical process which

are expected to act rationally in the public interest.

Map of Indonesia

Organization Structure of MOA

DGLAHS

SEC. GEN

Minister of Agric

Assisntants

INSP. GEN

DG. AG. EQ

& INFRSTR DG. FOOD

CROP

DG. HORT.

CROP

DG. EST.

CROP

DG. PROC.

MKTG

AARD DG. AG EXT DG. FOOD

SEC.

DG. AG

QUAR

Livestock sector policy (1)

Livestock Policy is perceived as:

• A definite course of action in the livestock sector

development selected by government or others, from

among alternatives, in the given condition to guide or to

determine present and future decision;

• A projected livestock sector development program

consisting of desired objectives and the means to

achieve them;

• Basic principles in the livestock sector development by

which Government is guided;

• Declared objectives which government seeks to achieve

and preserve livestock development in the interest of

national community.


Therefore, livestock development policy is

defined as:

A decision-making framework, or course of

action to achieve a desired effect or change in

the livestock sector development.

In the context of the public sector, livestock

sector development policies also support

political purposes by Government in response

to the dynamic of the changing world.


Livestock sector policy is mandated to the Directorate

General of Livestock and Animal Health Services

(DGLAHS), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), with 6

Directorates:

• Secretariat

• Directorate of Animal Breeding;

• Directorate of Animal Feeds;

• Directorate of Livestock Farming;

• Directorate of Animal Health;

• Directorate of Public veterinary Health


Livestock sector policy is formulated mandated to the

Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health

Services (DGLAHS), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), with

6 Directorates:

• Secretariat

• Directorate of Animal Breeding;

• Directorate of Animal Feeds;

• Directorate of Livestock Farming;

• Directorate of Animal Health;

• Directorate of Public veterinary Health


Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health

Services (DGLAHS) formulates livestock sector policy in

cooperation with working committees:

• National Committee on Animal Breeding;

• National Committee on Animal Feeds;

• National Committee of Animal Medicines;

• National Committee on Animal Health;

• National Committee on Public Veterinary Health;

• National Committee on Biosafety;

• National Committee on Food Safety;

• Other related Agencies and Ministries.

Identification of issues /problem

Policy formulation

Policy adoption/

legitimation

Policy implementa

tion

Policy assessment/evaluation

Stages of Policy

Making Process

Livestock policy making process (1)

Issue identification

Publicized demands and attention from the general

public that prompts the need for government action

that will lead to identification of policy problems

which then documented in the form of academic

manuscript;

Policy formulation

Policy proposals are formulated through political

channels (House of Representative/DPR) by policy

planning organization (Legislation Division), interest

groups, associations, government, state legislature

and the president, depending on who has the

initiative, followed by development of possible

solutions and consideration of several alternatives.

Livestock policy making process (2)

Policy Documents

Hierarchical livestock related policy documents:

• Constitution/National Laws

• President’s Decree/Regulations

• President’s Instructions

• Central Government Regulations

• Minister’s Decrees

• Director General’s Regulations

• Provincial and Regional Regulations

• Governor’s Regulations

• Regional/Municipal Regulations

1. Constitution No. 6/1967

Constitution No. 6, 1967 on Livestock and Animal Health

a. General Terms (Art 1-7) : definition, general

objective, types of business, land, water and feeds,

preventing of misconduct, grassland;

b. Livestock (Art 8-18): objective of livestock farming,

business, smallholders, large commercial, breeding

and reproduction, region, industry, trade; sharing

systems;

c. Animal Health (Art 19-23): general, animal

diseases, veterinary public health, animal welfare,

animal medicines;

Constitution No. 6, 1967…..

d. Others (Art 24-26): criminal acts, special investigator,

transitional provision

e. Concluding chapter(Art 27)

Signed by President Soeharto, July 8, 1967


Constitution No. 18, 2009 (Rev of Const No. 6/1967)

I. General terms (Art 1);

II. Principles and Objectives (Art 2-3);

III. Resources (Art 4-12);

IV. Livestock farming (Art 13-38);

V. Animal Health (Art 39-55). Note Art 44;

VI. Public Veterinary Health and Animal Welfare (Art

56-67). Note Art 59;

VII. Veterinary Authority (Art 68-75). Note Art 68;

VIII.Farmers Empowerment and Livestock and Animal

Health Business (Art 76-77)

IX. Human Resources Development (Art 78)

Constitution No. 18, 2009 (Rev of Const No. 6/1967)

X. Research and Development (Art 79-83)

XI.Education (Art 84)

XII.Administrative Sanction (Art 85)

XIII.Criminal Act (Art 86-93)

XIV.Transitional Provision (Art-94)

XV.Concluding chapter (Art 95-99)

Signed by President Soesilo B. Yoedhoyono,

June 4, 2009

Constitution No. 18, 2009

This Constitution has been gone through judicial review on

three articles, for clauses namely:

(a) Art 44, clause 3, government do not pay

compensation for depopulated animals infected by

serious diseases;

(b) Art 59, clause 2 allow imports of animal products

from FMD free country and zones;

(c) Art 59, clause 4 import of animal products is also

based on international regulation;

(d) Art 68, clause 4, the Minister may delegate his/her

authority to veterinary authority.

The Constitutional Court has nullified points (b), (c) and (d).


Constitution No. 41, 2014 (Rev. of Const. No. 18/2009)

Major revisions are done basically on articles previously

reviewed and nullified by the Constitutional Court.

Point (b): recommendation and approval of imports of

animal products from zoonosis disease risks areas will be

the Minister’s discretion;

Other clauses (c) and (d) were adapted accordingly.

Signed by President Soesilo B. Yoedhoyono,

October 17, 2014

Related important policy documents

Constitution No. 16.1992 on Agricultural Quarantine;

Constitution No. 16/2006 on Agricultural Extension System;

Presidential Instruction No. 1/2007 on HPAI Control;

Ministry of Trade Decree No. 46/2013 on Reference Price;

Ministry of Trade Decree No. 57/2013 on Imports and

Exports of Animal Products;

Ministry of Industry Decree No. 4/2011 on Milk Processing;

Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 19/2010 on Beef Self

Sufficiency Program;

Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 40/2009 on Cattle

Breeding Farm Credit;

Provincial Regulation of Special District of Jakarta No.

4/2007 on Poultry Distribution.

• As a developing country Indonesia needs strong

livestock policy framework which is formulated in the

interest of the public including the farmers.

• However, some of such policies arise from a

centralized system often consider the majority of the

public and the farmers are not considered as

beneficiaries.

• In some cases even where a policy has been

formulated, it can not be implemented, because the

policy is often influenced by internal dynamics of the

implementing ministries or institutions and public

interest.

Overall strength and weakness of

current policy process

• Ministry of Agriculture has formed Committees under

supervision of the DGLAHS to review the performance

of their sectors to prepare its policy framework

statements;

• The Committees constitute technical teams, which

composed of ministry staffs and from various

implementing agency including local government

authorities, universities, research and training

institutions, association, and the private sector;

• These technical teams are to bridge the gap between

policy makers and implementers, so as to ensure the

smooth implementation of the policies.

• Livestock policy development process in Indonesia is

supposed to use a bottom-up approach and to be

participatory and consultative so as to ensure that

people’s views are accommodated;

• The process must recognize a problem that needs to

be solved and identification of stakeholders upon who

this problem impacts the most;

• All key stakeholders i.e. government and its institutions

as well as key actors in regions, local government

authorities and local communities must take advantage

their right to take part in the process.

• From the viewpoints of the performance of their sectors

when preparing the framework and policy statements,

Inter ministries coordination in livestock policy

formulation has to be strengthened;

• Given the complexities and time frame available for

policy formulation participation of stakeholders has to

be reinforced, especially from NGOs and the private

sector;

• Therefore, priority must be given to enhancing the

capability of ministry staffs for policy analysis by

involving institutions that have policy analysis capability

to participate in policy formulation.

Priority for policy analysis capacity

enhancement

THANK FOR YOUR

INPUTS AND ATTENTION

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