Marine Derivatives: A Promising Source of Nutraceuticals

CREDIT SEMINARCREDIT SEMINARSUBMITTED BY :-SUBMITTED BY :-

SMIT R. LENDESMIT R. LENDEREGD. NO:-J4-01223-2013REGD. NO:-J4-01223-2013

DEPT. OF AQUACULTUREDEPT. OF AQUACULTURE

Content

introduction

In modern Era of twenty one century the life style has significantly changes with the tremendous increase in world population.

Increased leisure and rise in purchasing power resulted in reduction in physical activity.

These change in life style had specific impact on food consumption patterns of general public.

Cont…

A shift towards consumption of food with high levels of sugar and saturated fats, showed detrimental effects on health with course of time.

This leads to sudden rise in chronic disease such as coronary heart diseases, hypertension, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and osteoporosis.

Main causes of death in India….

Cont…

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is a basic need for most people.

It is well known that good health is strongly associated with diet and many other factors such as genetics, environment, lifestyle habits, and physical activity.

People are highly concerned about selecting healthy foods with a wide range of medicinal values to reduce their risk of chronic diseases.

NUTRACEUTICALS: Let Food be Your Medicine

The term “Nutraceutical” was coined from “Nutrition” & “Pharmaceutical” in 1989 by

Stephen DeFelice

A nutraceutical was defined as any substance that may be considered a food or a part of a food and provides medical or health benefits including the prevention and treatment of disease (Andlauer and Furst, 2002).

Role of neutraceuticals in prevention of illness

Classification of Nutraceuticals

Nutraceuticals are nonspecific biological therapies used to promote wellness, prevent malignant processes, and control symptoms.

It is a broad umbrella term used to describe any product derived from food sources that provides extra health benefits in addition to the basic nutritional value found in foods.

Phytochemicals and antioxidants are two specific types of nutraceuticals.

Cont…..

There are multiple different types of products that come under the category of nutraceuticals:

Dietary supplements

Functional foods

Medical foods

Difference between Functional food and Nutraceutical

Growing demand for Nutrasuticals..

GLOBAL NUTRACEUTICAL MARKET - FOODS, BEVERAGES AND SUPPLEMENTS, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS)

( BCC Research )

Indian nutraceuticals market….

In 2012, the Indian Nutraceutical market accounted for only about 1% of the global nutraceuticals market.

Given the changing demographics of the Indian population and increasing focus on fitness and good health, the Nutraceutical market is being identified as a high potential market in India.

According to the report “India Nutraceutical Market Forecast & Opportunities, 2017,” recently published by TechSci Research, it is estimated that the Nutraceuticals market is set to grow beyond USD 4.2 billion revenues by the end of 2017.

Need for Nutraceuticals

Increased life expectancy, globally, has led to an increase in the incidence of lifestyle (age related) diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol, obesity etc.

As a result, there has been a significant increase in the deaths due to lifestyle diseases worldwide.

Consumers worldwide are looking to follow healthy lifestyles to obtain optimum nutrition to keep these diseases at bay, leading to an increase in nutraceutical consumption by health conscious consumers.

Life expectancy across regions, (World), 1970-2009

In spite of having a relatively lower life expectancy, India has one of the highest mortality rates for non-communicable, age related diseases. This trend can be witnessed across almost all developing countries

Most consumers are well aware of the health benefits of foods, only 35 percent were aware of the term nutraceuticals.

Health benefits of marine nutraceuticals

Marine nutraceuticals might have a positive effect on human health as they can protect human body against damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS)

which attack macromolecules such as membrane lipids, proteins, and DNA and lead to many health disorders such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases with severe tissue injuries.

Cont…

Carotenoids are thought to be responsible for the beneficial properties in preventing human diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and other chronic diseases.

marine-derived sterols have received much attention in the last few years because of their cholesterol-lowering properties.

Marine algal-derived SPs exhibited various health-beneficial biological activities such as anti-HIV-1, anticoagulant, and anticancer activities

omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are produced in phytoplanktons in the oceans and are then consumed by fish and other marine species.

The constituent fatty acids present in such oils include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3), and to a lesser extent docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) in different proportions, depending on the species involved.

Fish oil

Cont ..

Beneficial health effects of marine oils are manifold, and go beyond those related to coronary heart disease (CHD), visual and cognitive development, psychiatric conditions, inflammatory diseases, Crohn’s disease, and type-2 diabetes, among others.

The n-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, are known to dominate the fatty acid profile of brain and retina lipids and play a major role in the development of the fetus and infants, as well as the health status and body requirements of pregnant and lactating women.

Some omega 3 rich products available in market

Nutritional Value of Sea Lettuces

Seaweeds represent one of the most nutritious plant foods, and general utilization of seaweeds in food products.

Sea lettuces comprise the genus Ulva, a group of edible green seaweeds which is widely distributed along the coasts of the world’s oceans and often found in the mid and upper tidal zones.

Some sea lettuces products available in market

Chitin and chitosan

Chitin is recovered from processing discards of shrimp, crab, lobster, and crayfish following deproteinization and demineralization.

The chitin so obtained may then be deacetylated to afford chitosan . Depending on the duration of the deacylation process, the chitosan

produced may assume different viscosities and molecular weights.

Cont…

Chitosan has a variety of health benefits and may be employed in a number of nutraceutical and healthrelated applications.

Chitosan derivatives may also be produced in order to obtain more effective products for certain applications.

Food application of chitin and chitosan

Some Chitin based products available in market

Abalone

Abalone is a commercially important marine “archeogastropod” mollusk with characteristic single auriform shell under the family of Haliotidae.

As a food, abalone has been in demand for a long time due to its rich nutritional value, superior taste, and various other benefits to human health.

Cont..

Among other mollusk species; hence, it is known as “the emperor of the seashells,” “mother of shellfish,” or “ginseng in the ocean.

There are 56 recognized abalone species that belong to the genus Haliotis; however, it is believed that there could be more than 100 species of abalones.

Some Abalone based products available in market

• Place of Origin: New Zealand •The most Pure & Natural Environment in the world with No Air Pollution, No Water Pollution, 100% Healthy and Clean!•Abalone is favoured for its high nutrient content that has traditionally been used to support eye health. •Good Health Abalone Extract provides a concentrated source of more than 25 vitamins and minerals and is particularly rich in selenium, magnesium and B12.

Shark cartilage

Shark cartilage, extracted from the fins and heads of sharks, is a type of flexible connective tissue found in the animal’s skeletal system.

Traditionally, shark cartilage has been eaten as a food and health supplement in the Far East.

Chondroitin sulphate, a bioactive component of shark cartilage, is a typical mucopolysaccharide sulphate.

It is mostly used as a base for cosmetics such as hand creams.

Cont..

shark liver oil exhibited bioactivity against cancer.Shark liver oil is also known to contain a high proportion of squalene,

up to 50%.Squalene is used in cosmetics as a skin softener and lubricant since low

levels are found in our normal skin oils.

Cartilade.

Shark cartilage has long been valued by traditional herbalists in China, where it has been consumed for centuries as shark fin soup. Shark cartilage contains mucopolysaccharides, a family of complex carbohydrates including the now well-known chondroitin sulfate. It is an excellent source of calcium and phosphorus.

Some Shark cartilage based products available in market

Beneficial effects of marine bioactives on the human cardiovascular system

Nutraceuticals produce in India

•Cadalmin Green Mussel extract contains 100% natural marine bioactive anti-inflammatory ingredients extracted from green mussel Perna viridis.

• The product is effective to combat arthritic pain and inflammatory diseases in human beings, and is an effective green alternative to synthetic non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other products available in the market.

Cadalmin Green Algal extract 

•Cadalmin Green Algal extract contains a unique blend of 100% natural marine bioactive anti-inflammatory ingredients extracted from selected seaweeds or marine macroalgae with a patented ecofriendly “green” technology .

•The product is effective to combat arthritic pain and inflammatory diseases in human beings.

• Patients suffering with chronic joint pain and arthritis clinical trial-based studies revealed that more than 98% of the respondents were satisfied with the product with about 70-85% relief in joint pain and arthritis.

Conclusion

With so many new species of marine resources still to be discovered, the potential for new marine-derived bioactive nutraceuticals is immense with beneficial effects on human health, and the food industry is poised for accelerated development in the near future.

Marine resources have been well recognized for their biologically active substances with a great potential to be used as nutraceuticals.

Cont…

Moreover, much attention has been paid recently by the consumers toward healthy lifestyle with natural bioactive ingredients.

Recent studies have provided evidence that marine-derived bioactive nutraceuticals play a vital role in human health.

The physical body is the product of diet and sensory inputs (i.e., lifestyle). Similarly, all ailments are the product of faulty dietetics and lifestyle. Wholesome and unwholesome diets and lifestyles are fundamentals of health and disease….

Caraka Samhita Sutrasthana 28:45

Thank you