By :

Wini Septiani, Hayat Sholihin and Asep Suryatna

DEPARTEMENT OF CHEMISTRY EDUCATION

FPMIPA UPI

Green cincau Pectin Food

Edible film (Roiyana, 2012)

Limited for green fruits and vegetables

Pharmacy

Binder in tablet, replacing CMC (Muchtaridi, 2009)

The color and thickness uniformity of antacid tablets obtained have not qualified

contains

Bamboo

charcoal

Bentonite

Adsorbent of cooking

oil to reduce levels of

FFA (Free Fatty Acid)

(Aji, Dwi Wahyu and

Muhammad N.H. )

Green cincau gel + adsorbent Colorless cincau gel

1. How to activate bamboo charcoal and bentonite as adsorbent?

2. How is the optimum condition to bleach green cincau extract?

3. How are the characteristics of adsorbent after contact with green cincau extract?

Adsorbent preparation

Green cincau leaves extraction

Optimation

Adsorbent characterization after

contact with green cincau extract

Volume of H3PO4 : 25 mL

Time of soaked: 24 hours

Activation temperature : 700oC

Heat time: 60 minutes

The highest randemen is activated charcoal with activator H3PO4 5%.

No. Charcoal mass

(g) [H3PO4]

Activated charcoal mass

(g) Randemen (%)

1. 10,0165 0% 2,6640 26,4

2. 10,0874 5% 5,8689 58,2

3. 10,0092 10% 5,6148 56,1

4. 10,0166 15% 5,3482 53,4

Activated Charcoal Pore Structure

No. Type of activated

charcoal Color of extract Absorbance

Efficiency

(%)

1. Control Green 0,5739 -

2. Before activated Green light 0,5333 7,07

3. H3PO4 0% activation Green light 0,0865 84,9

4. H3PO4 5% activation Colorless 0,0227 96,0

5. H3PO4 10% activation Colorless 0,0244 95,7

6. H3PO4 15% activation Colorless 0,0273 95,3

Bentonite

(100

grams)

HCl 15 %

(150 mL)

Heated at 70oC during 2

hours, netralize until pH 4

and dried at ±100°C

Activated bentonite

(72,7001 grams )

Image of SEM activated bentonite

The optimum mass ratio of activated charcoal and bentonite is 3: 1

No. Bamboo charcoal : bentonite Absorbance Efficiency (%)

1. Control 0,549 -

2. 0:1 0,236 57,01

3. 1:3 0,031 94,35

4. 1:2 0,030 94,54

5. 1:1 0,028 94,90

6. 2:1 0,029 94,72

7. 3:1 0,027 95,08

8. 4:1 0,050 90,89

9. 1:0 0,017 96,90

No.

Adsorbent

concentration

(%)

Color of extract after contact Absorbance

1. 0 Green with slightly green gel 0,2112

2. 2 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0403

3. 3 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0342

4. 5 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0326

5. 10 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0267

The addition of 2% adsorbent can reduce the value of the absorbance extract significantly, but the addition of 3-10% extract absorbance values are not significantly reduced

No.

Adsorbent

concentrations

(%)

Color of extract after contact Absorbance

1 0 Green with slightly green gel 0,1245

2 0,5 Green light with slightly colorless gel 0,0129

3 1 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0127

4 1,5 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0085

5 2 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0092

6 2,5 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0118

The optimum adsorbent concentration is at 1,5% adsorbent.

No. Times

(minutes) Color of extract after contact Absorbance

Efficiency of

bleaching

1. 0 Green with slightly green gel 0,0204 -

2. 5 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0099 51,47

3. 10 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0070 65,69

4. 15 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0077 62,25

5. 20 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0078 61,76

6. 25 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0101 50,49

7. 30 Colorless with slightly colorless gel 0,0115 43,63

The optimum contact time on bleaching the green cincau extract is 10 minutes

Wave numbers (cm-1) Prediction fungtional

groups Before contact After contact

468,7 468,7 Si-O-Si 524,6 524,6 Si-O

677,0 677,0 C-H alkenes, C-H aromatic

711,7 709,8 C-H alkenes, C-H aromatic

754,1 754,1 C-H alkenes, C-H aromatic

792,7 794,6 C-H alkenes, C-H aromatic

1041,5 1041,5 Si-O

1103,2 1103,2 C-O ester

1136,0 1134,1 C-O eter

1186,1 1186,1 C-O ester

1579,6 1579,6 C=C

1720,4 1720,4 C=O

2852,5 2852,5 C-H alkane

2920,0 2920,0 C-H alkane

3423,4 3423,4 O-H

Before contact After contact

The optimum conditions of contacting the adsorbent with green cincau extract is at concentration of adsorbent is 1,5% with activated charcoal and bentonite ratio of 3: 1 and 10 minutes contact time.

Based on the FTIR analysis, the adsorbent which has been contacted not changes chemicaly and based on SEM analysis of adsorbent which has been contacted with green cincau extract has pores that are still open, meaning that they can be used for the next adsorption.

Femina. (2014). Cincau. [Online]. Available at : http://www.femina.co.id/kuliner/info.kuliner/cincau/004/002/266. Accessed February 28, 2015

Komadel. (2003). Chemically Modified Smectites. Slovakia : Slovac Academy of Sciences.

Muchtaridi, et al. (2009). Characteristics Chew Tablets Antacids with Cincau Using Green Cincau Gel (Cyclea barbata L. Miers) as a binder material. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung.

Nurdin, et al. (2009). The chlorophyll content of plant leaves and Types Cu-Chlorophyll Derivatives And Physico-chemical characteristics. Journal of Nutrition and Food, 4 (1), p. 13-19.

Roiyana, et al. (2012). Potential and Efficiency Vegetable Compound hydrocolloid as Delay of Ripening Fruit. Bulletin Anatomy and Physiology Volume 20, Number 2, October 2012.