Whisk(e)yWhisk(e)y

Whiskey is a spirit made by Whiskey is a spirit made by fermenting and distilling grain.fermenting and distilling grain.

Spelling of WhiskySpelling of Whisky

By long standing tradition, Scottish By long standing tradition, Scottish distillers spell the name of the spirit distillers spell the name of the spirit as “WHISKY”. as “WHISKY”.

Irish distillers spell their spirit as Irish distillers spell their spirit as “WHISKEY”. “WHISKEY”.

The Canadians follow the Scottish The Canadians follow the Scottish spelling and the American follow the spelling and the American follow the Irish spelling. Irish spelling.

HistoryHistory The use of grain as a source of alcohol The use of grain as a source of alcohol

originates among the Celts (the people of originates among the Celts (the people of Ireland) between the 10th and 15th century. Ireland) between the 10th and 15th century.

Distillate spelt as “UISGE BEATHA” or “UISCE Distillate spelt as “UISGE BEATHA” or “UISCE BEATHA” or “USQUEBAUGH” BEATHA” or “USQUEBAUGH”

Pronounced as wee-ski-bah meant “WATER OF Pronounced as wee-ski-bah meant “WATER OF LIFE”. Both Scotland and Ireland have long LIFE”. Both Scotland and Ireland have long been claiming to be the original source of been claiming to be the original source of whiskey. whiskey.

But neutral heads say that the soldiers of Henry But neutral heads say that the soldiers of Henry II had taken a lot of uisce beatha to England II had taken a lot of uisce beatha to England after they invaded Ireland in the 12th century. after they invaded Ireland in the 12th century.

This precedes the older known references to the This precedes the older known references to the Scotch, an entry in the Scottish exchequer rolls Scotch, an entry in the Scottish exchequer rolls in 1484.in 1484.

TypesTypes

Scotland: Scotland: Barley both malted and Barley both malted and un malted with slight corn un malted with slight corn

Ireland:Ireland: Barley, both malted and un Barley, both malted and un malted.malted.

U.S.A.:U.S.A.: Corn and Rye Corn and Rye Canada: Canada: RyeRye

Production ProcessProduction Process

Material Material StoringStoring MaltingMalting GerminationGermination KilningKilning SievingSieving GrindingGrinding

Extraction of Extraction of SugarSugar

FermentationFermentation DistillationDistillation MaturingMaturing BlendingBlending

STEEPINGSTEEPING

The grains are soaked in huge tank The grains are soaked in huge tank of water at 10 0C for 2 to 3 day. of water at 10 0C for 2 to 3 day.

Some producer change water in Some producer change water in between to provide dry resting between to provide dry resting period & grain gets the air also.period & grain gets the air also.

MALTINGMALTING

Grains are taken to malt room, Grains are taken to malt room, which is very hard, grains are which is very hard, grains are spread to depth of 15 – 30 c.m to spread to depth of 15 – 30 c.m to allow grain breath while sprouting. allow grain breath while sprouting.

Grains are constantly stirred for Grains are constantly stirred for uniform breathing & to prevent uniform breathing & to prevent sprout getting entwined. sprout getting entwined.

This process goes on for 6 – 15 days This process goes on for 6 – 15 days at 12 – 21 0C.at 12 – 21 0C.

Malting RoomMalting Room

GERMINATIONGERMINATION

During this process the insoluble During this process the insoluble starch gets converted to maltose & starch gets converted to maltose & dextrin & rootlets, known as “ malts dextrin & rootlets, known as “ malts culms” appears. culms” appears.

CYSTASE – convert the insoluble CYSTASE – convert the insoluble starch to soluble starch, starch to soluble starch,

DIASTASE- convert the soluble starch DIASTASE- convert the soluble starch to sugar. to sugar.

Grain is referred as Green malt.Grain is referred as Green malt.

Germinated BarleyGerminated Barley

KILNINGKILNING

In this process the grains are spread In this process the grains are spread on a perforated, tilted floor with a on a perforated, tilted floor with a furnace underneath. furnace underneath.

In the Scotch whisky the grain are In the Scotch whisky the grain are roasted with Peat fire thus imparting roasted with Peat fire thus imparting peaty aroma to Scotch.peaty aroma to Scotch.

In Case of Irish Whiskey grains are In Case of Irish Whiskey grains are roasted with gas or anthracite coal.roasted with gas or anthracite coal.

Malted BarleyMalted Barley

PeatPeat

Cont..Cont..

SIEVING- It is done to remove malts SIEVING- It is done to remove malts culms which sold as cattle feed.culms which sold as cattle feed.

GRINDING- The grains are roughly GRINDING- The grains are roughly broken which are known as GRIST broken which are known as GRIST through roller mill.through roller mill.

EXTARCTION OF SUGAREXTARCTION OF SUGARThis can be done by two methods This can be done by two methods INFUSION- The process of infusion takes INFUSION- The process of infusion takes

place in huge tank called “MASH TUN”. place in huge tank called “MASH TUN”. The grist is introduced to mashtun along The grist is introduced to mashtun along

with waterwith water The mixture is heated up to 63 0C for 2 The mixture is heated up to 63 0C for 2

hrs. Then mechanical racks present inside hrs. Then mechanical racks present inside the tank stir the mixture. the tank stir the mixture.

The result in the formation of hot sweet The result in the formation of hot sweet liquid called “ WORT’. liquid called “ WORT’.

Wort is filtered through finely slotted Wort is filtered through finely slotted plate in the bottom of mashtun, known as plate in the bottom of mashtun, known as under back. under back.

MashtunMashtun

FermentationFermentation

Fermentation is process which Fermentation is process which convert the sugar into alcohol & convert the sugar into alcohol & CO2.CO2.

CO2 is stored in a different tank. CO2 is stored in a different tank. This process takes 7 – 14 days. This process takes 7 – 14 days.

Fermentation TankFermentation Tank

DistilationDistilation

Pot Still is known as WASH STILLPot Still is known as WASH STILL Head called as “FORESHOT”Head called as “FORESHOT” Heart called as low wines because of Heart called as low wines because of

low alcoholic content. (40%)low alcoholic content. (40%) Tail called as “AFTERSHOT”Tail called as “AFTERSHOT”

Note-The foreshot and the aftershot Note-The foreshot and the aftershot are together called as “FEINTS”are together called as “FEINTS”

22ndnd Distillation Distillation

HeadHead Heart ( 70%)- High WineHeart ( 70%)- High Wine TailTail

IRISH Whiskey goes for third time IRISH Whiskey goes for third time distillation and distilled spirit comes distillation and distilled spirit comes out at 85%out at 85%

MaturationMaturation Distilled whisky filled in oak casks under Distilled whisky filled in oak casks under

exercise supervision and stored in bonded exercise supervision and stored in bonded warehouses often underground for at warehouses often underground for at least 3 years in Scotland and 5 years in least 3 years in Scotland and 5 years in Ireland to mature. Ireland to mature.

As the whiskey matures in the casks, As the whiskey matures in the casks, mellow the raw whiskey. mellow the raw whiskey.

whiskeys mature in the casks for a period whiskeys mature in the casks for a period of 15 years and sometimes more. of 15 years and sometimes more.

If the whiskey is left too long in the casks, If the whiskey is left too long in the casks, it will start smelling woody. it will start smelling woody.

The age, which appear on the label , The age, which appear on the label , indicates the youngest whiskey in blend.indicates the youngest whiskey in blend.

BlendingBlending

It is done by expertsIt is done by experts The blending takes place in the The blending takes place in the

blending vat. blending vat. The air lets present inside the vats The air lets present inside the vats

mixes the whiskeys thoroughly and mixes the whiskeys thoroughly and finally pumped into oak casks where finally pumped into oak casks where they remain for some more time to they remain for some more time to harmonize.harmonize.

Note- Single malt whiskies are never Note- Single malt whiskies are never blendedblended

Final stagesFinal stages

After blending and harmonizing the After blending and harmonizing the whiskey is filtered through asbestos whiskey is filtered through asbestos sheets sheets

Strength is greatly reduced by the Strength is greatly reduced by the addition of metallic free water. addition of metallic free water.

Colour generally comes from the Colour generally comes from the casks as the spirit matures but some casks as the spirit matures but some amount of caramel is also added to amount of caramel is also added to give the correct tone.give the correct tone.

Difference b/w Scotch & Difference b/w Scotch & IrishIrish

GrainGrain Pot SizePot Size DistillationDistillation AgingAging AromaAroma

ScotchScotch

The Scots claim that three natural The Scots claim that three natural influences make their malts influences make their malts outstanding.outstanding.

WaterWater, , Purity of the airPurity of the air Wood used for casksWood used for casks

Scotch

Malt Whisky Blended

Bulk Bottled in Scot LandHigh Land Low Land Campbelltown Spey Side Islay

Regular

Premium

Deluxe

Malt or Single Malt Malt or Single Malt WhiskyWhisky TThese are the authentic Usquebaugh. hese are the authentic Usquebaugh.

They are also known as They are also known as single maltsingle malt. . Made from only malted barley and the Made from only malted barley and the

entire process of distillations carried out in entire process of distillations carried out in one distillery. one distillery.

The malt scotch is distilled by the pot still The malt scotch is distilled by the pot still method of distillation. method of distillation.

They are all made from malted barley They are all made from malted barley hence called as hence called as malt whiskeymalt whiskey. .

The grains heated on perforated steel The grains heated on perforated steel plates by peat fire. The smoky flavour plates by peat fire. The smoky flavour imparted by the peat is felt in the final imparted by the peat is felt in the final product. product.

There are around 100 malt whiskies There are around 100 malt whiskies produced in Scotlandproduced in Scotland

TypesTypes

HighlandHighland LowlandLowland IslayIslay CampelbeltownCampelbeltown

High LandHigh Land

Whiskies have a firm, dry character, Whiskies have a firm, dry character, with some peatiness and saltiness. with some peatiness and saltiness.

””GLENMORANGIE” is a good GLENMORANGIE” is a good example. example.

They can also be nutty, spicy, herby, They can also be nutty, spicy, herby, leathery and smoky.leathery and smoky.

Major brandsMajor brands Aberfeldy Aberfeldy BalblairBalblair Ben NevisBen Nevis

Low LandLow Land

The whiskies have suggestions of lemon grass The whiskies have suggestions of lemon grass and maltiness.and maltiness.

““GLENKINCHIE” is the best known. It is GLENKINCHIE” is the best known. It is located south of the Greenoch/Dundee line: located south of the Greenoch/Dundee line:

Glasgow and Edinburgh are within this Glasgow and Edinburgh are within this region.region.

The malts are soft, light bodied and The malts are soft, light bodied and somewhat gentle in character. somewhat gentle in character.

Major brandsMajor brands LittlemillLittlemill Rosebank Rosebank St MagdaleneSt Magdalene

CampbeltownCampbeltown

The products are distinctly The products are distinctly briny (sea salt flavoured) e.g., briny (sea salt flavoured) e.g.,

““GLEN SCOTIA” This is once GLEN SCOTIA” This is once the capital of whisky distilling in the capital of whisky distilling in Scotland. Scotland.

These full-bodied whiskies are These full-bodied whiskies are very distinctive, having a peaty, very distinctive, having a peaty, almost medicinal aroma with almost medicinal aroma with spicy, salty yet mellow-spicy, salty yet mellow-flavoured overtones. flavoured overtones.

Major brandsMajor brands LongrowLongrow SpringbankSpringbank

IslayIslay

Famous malts from this region are Famous malts from this region are “LAGAVULIN” and “ADBERG”. “LAGAVULIN” and “ADBERG”.

These strong-flavoured and strong-These strong-flavoured and strong-smelling malts are distinguished by smelling malts are distinguished by their intense peaty and smoky their intense peaty and smoky characteristics. characteristics.

Major brandsMajor brands BowmoreBowmore BruichaddichBruichaddich

LaphroaigLaphroaig

SpeysideSpeyside

These malts are noted for their These malts are noted for their elegance, flowery, heathery honey elegance, flowery, heathery honey notes and sometimes a restrained notes and sometimes a restrained fragrant peatiness. fragrant peatiness.

“ “MACALLAN AND GLENLIVET” MACALLAN AND GLENLIVET” This Highland sub-divisionThis Highland sub-division is is

concentrated around the Elgin and concentrated around the Elgin and Dufftown district. Dufftown district.

Blended ScotchBlended Scotch Blended whiskey is a mixture of both malt and Blended whiskey is a mixture of both malt and

grain whiskey grain whiskey Grain whiskey is made from a mash of several Grain whiskey is made from a mash of several

grains, predominantly corn.grains, predominantly corn. Grain whiskey is made by patent still method of Grain whiskey is made by patent still method of

distillation. distillation. Grain whiskeys are generally very light, as they Grain whiskeys are generally very light, as they

tend to run off the still at around 180 proof. tend to run off the still at around 180 proof. These light grain whiskeys are then blended These light grain whiskeys are then blended

with malted whiskey in different proportions.with malted whiskey in different proportions. Blended scotch is divided into two categories: -Blended scotch is divided into two categories: -

BulkBulk Bottled in ScotlandBottled in Scotland

BulkBulk

They are shipped in barrels and They are shipped in barrels and bottled at the destination. bottled at the destination.

Cheapest quality of whiskey with Cheapest quality of whiskey with minimum malt whiskey to grain minimum malt whiskey to grain whiskey ratio. whiskey ratio.

Bulk scotch examples:-Bulk scotch examples:- Clan Mac Gregor , Inver house, Old Clan Mac Gregor , Inver house, Old

smuggler, Passport, Usher’s green smuggler, Passport, Usher’s green strip, Vat 69strip, Vat 69

Bottled in ScotlandBottled in Scotland

Regular- Regular- 10+ years10+ years Premium- Premium- 12 to 15+ year12 to 15+ year Deluxe- Deluxe- 20 +years 20 +years

RegularRegular BallantineBallantine Bell’sBell’s Black & whiteBlack & white Cutty sarkCutty sark Dewar’s white labelDewar’s white label HaigHaig J & B (Justerini and Brooks)J & B (Justerini and Brooks) Johnie walker’s red labelJohnie walker’s red label Teachers’s highland creamTeachers’s highland cream Whyte & mackayWhyte & mackay White horseWhite horse

PremiumPremium

Chivas regal Chivas regal Haig pinchHaig pinch Johnie walker`s black labelJohnie walker`s black label Hankle banisterHankle banister

DeluxeDeluxe

Ballantine 30 yearsBallantine 30 years Ballantine 17 yearsBallantine 17 years Chivas royal saluteChivas royal salute UsquebaughUsquebaugh AmbassadorAmbassador Bell’s royal reserveBell’s royal reserve Johnnie walker’s blue labelJohnnie walker’s blue label James and martin fine and rareJames and martin fine and rare

Irish Whiskey - HistoryIrish Whiskey - History Irish were first to make whiskey.Irish were first to make whiskey. From an abundance of grain they fermented a beer From an abundance of grain they fermented a beer

wash, which with the aid of turf fires, they distilled wash, which with the aid of turf fires, they distilled into a crude spirit called into a crude spirit called uisgeuisge beathabeatha – ‘water of – ‘water of life’. life’.

Ancient traders from the Mediterranean, or St Ancient traders from the Mediterranean, or St Patrick himself, brought the art of distillation to Patrick himself, brought the art of distillation to Ireland. Ireland.

Soldiers serving Henry II in his campaign in Ireland Soldiers serving Henry II in his campaign in Ireland were introduced to the spirit in 1171, and it became were introduced to the spirit in 1171, and it became a popular part of the booty to be taken home to a popular part of the booty to be taken home to England.England.

In 1608 Bushmills open first distillery. In 1608 Bushmills open first distillery.

Irish WhiskeyIrish Whiskey

These whiskies are made from These whiskies are made from malted and unmalted barley mixes in malted and unmalted barley mixes in a ratio of 20: 80 or 40: 60.a ratio of 20: 80 or 40: 60.

These whiskies have perfumy These whiskies have perfumy character, aroma of linseed oil, flex. character, aroma of linseed oil, flex.

These whiskies are produced in These whiskies are produced in Dublin, Bushmill, Tullamore, Cork Dublin, Bushmill, Tullamore, Cork (Middleton). (Middleton).

Irish WhiskeyIrish Whiskey

Bushmills 1608, Bushmills 1608, Bushmills Black Bush,Bushmills Black Bush, Bushmills Single Malt, Coleraine, Bushmills Single Malt, Coleraine, Jameson (Ireland’s best seller on the Jameson (Ireland’s best seller on the

world market), world market), Paddy, Paddy, Tullamore DewTullamore Dew

Middleton Very RareMiddleton Very Rare

This distinctive, brilliant This distinctive, brilliant and very costly whiskey and very costly whiskey was first launched in was first launched in 1984. It is Ireland’s 1984. It is Ireland’s most expensive but it is most expensive but it is worth the price to worth the price to experience its smooth, experience its smooth, silky taste. It is super-silky taste. It is super-premium whiskey made premium whiskey made in limited batches and in limited batches and vintage bottled.vintage bottled.

PoteenPoteen These are illicit These are illicit

distilled whiskies distilled whiskies of Ireland.of Ireland.

Produced out side Produced out side of govt. control or of govt. control or revenue deptt.revenue deptt.

White in colour.White in colour. Not Matured. Not Matured.

Poteen ProductionPoteen Production

American Whiskey- American Whiskey- HistoryHistory

The Irish and the Scots brought their The Irish and the Scots brought their distilling skills with them to distilling skills with them to America. America.

The first whiskies were made in The first whiskies were made in Pennsylvania, Maryland and VirginiaPennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia

In 1791, George Washington, In 1791, George Washington, President, decided to levy an excise President, decided to levy an excise tax on whiskey. tax on whiskey.

Cont..Cont.. The farmer-distillers moved out, traveling The farmer-distillers moved out, traveling

down the Ohio River and into Kentucky out down the Ohio River and into Kentucky out of range of the revenue men. of range of the revenue men.

Here they found fertile land for the growing Here they found fertile land for the growing of grain and, most importantly, the ideal of grain and, most importantly, the ideal water that has been purified coming through water that has been purified coming through layers and layers of limestone rock.layers and layers of limestone rock.

Rye was the main grain crop used for Rye was the main grain crop used for whiskey making, until one year when the rye whiskey making, until one year when the rye crop party failed. Then corn was added to crop party failed. Then corn was added to the rye mash and the resulting distillation the rye mash and the resulting distillation had a much improved flavour and character. had a much improved flavour and character.

Production processProduction process

grains (maize (corn), rye, millet and grains (maize (corn), rye, millet and barley) coarsely ground added with barley) coarsely ground added with heated limestone-water and wort is made.heated limestone-water and wort is made.

Two yeasting processes are widely used Two yeasting processes are widely used in America-the sweet mash process and in America-the sweet mash process and the sour mash process.the sour mash process. sweet mash processsweet mash process,, fresh yeast is fresh yeast is

added added sour mash processsour mash process uses the residue uses the residue

from a previous distillation. from a previous distillation.

Cont..Cont..

Patent still Disttiled at 160 US proof.Patent still Disttiled at 160 US proof. Matured in charred oak barrels. Matured in charred oak barrels.

StylesStyles Straight whiskeyStraight whiskey - made from one type of - made from one type of

grain. grain. Blended whiskeyBlended whiskey must contain at least must contain at least

20% of straight whiskey and 80% patent still 20% of straight whiskey and 80% patent still whiskey distilled at 190 US proof. whiskey distilled at 190 US proof.

Corn WhiskeyCorn Whiskey- Made with 80% of corn- Made with 80% of corn Rye whiskeyRye whiskey - made from a mash - made from a mash

containing at least 51 percent rye. containing at least 51 percent rye. Bottled in bond whiskeysBottled in bond whiskeys..

TypesTypes

BourbonBourbon Ancient ageAncient age Elijah CraigElijah Craig Four RosesFour Roses Old CrowOld Crow Wild Turkey (Best seller in America)Wild Turkey (Best seller in America)

Cont..Cont..

TennesseeTennessee Jack DanielJack Daniel George George

DickleDickle

Moonshine / White Moonshine / White LightingLighting

These are illicit distilled whiskies of These are illicit distilled whiskies of America.America.

Produced out side of govt. control or Produced out side of govt. control or revenue deptt.revenue deptt.

White in colour.White in colour. Not Matured. Not Matured.

Canadian WhiskeyCanadian Whiskey

These whiskies are made from Rye.These whiskies are made from Rye. Canadian whiskies have some spicy and Canadian whiskies have some spicy and

bitter sweet character obtained from the bitter sweet character obtained from the grain. grain.

They are blended with corn whisky and They are blended with corn whisky and bourbon whisky which impart vanilla note bourbon whisky which impart vanilla note to Canadian whiskyto Canadian whisky

Brand NamesBrand Names

Black Velvet Black Velvet Canadian Club Canadian Club

Canadian Mist Canadian Mist Crown Royal Crown Royal

Seagram’s V.O. Seagram’s V.O. Schenely’s Golden Wedding Schenely’s Golden Wedding

Corby’s Royal Reserve Corby’s Royal Reserve Wiser’s De Luxe Wiser’s De Luxe

Thank You Very MuchThank You Very Much