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Green Growth, Spatial Planning and Local Responses

Dr. Stanley Yip

Centre of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaPast President, Hong Kong Institute of Planners

Stanley.yip@163.com

9 November 2016

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1. China’s Urbanization and National Spatial

Planning Framework

2. Barriers, Challenges and Actions

3. Local Responses : City of Beijing

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Speed of Urbanization

24%1985

56.1%China’s urbanization in 2015Urban population 771 million2000

36.2%17.9%

China’s urbanization in 1978

© Stanley Yip 2016

4https://chinabystander.wordpress.com/2013/01/

China’s Future Urban Clusters

Future urbanization will be concentrated at major city clusters some of which are economically larger then selected countries in Europe

China New Urbanization Plan 2014-2020

Major Urban Green Growth Objectives:

Urbanization rate at 60%Per Capita Urban Land Area less

than 100mGreen Space Ratio: 38.9%13% of City energy consumption is

renewable energy 50% of all new buildings are

certified Green Buildings© Stanley Yip 2016

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On November 12, 2014, the United States and China released a joint statement on climate change revealing for the first time both countries’ post-2020 emissions targets…

China is committing to peak its CO2 emissions around 2030 while striving to peak early, and boost its share of non-fossil fuel to around 20%.

© Stanley Yip 2016

China’s 13th Five Year Plan (FYP) 2016-2020• Progress toward

China peak emission around 2030.

• 2017 national carbon trading market in operation.

• Speed up the passing of the China Climate Change Law.

National Vision, Local Actions

National People’s Congress (NPC)

State Council

National Development and

Reform Commission

(NDRC)

Challenges:

• Local institutional implementation mechanisms

• Local capacity building

• Efficient policy/market incentives.

Other Ministries

Local Governments

© Stanley Yip 2016

Pilot Projects to Lead Innovations: Low Carbon Eco-City Projects in China (Selected Projects Endorsed by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development))

© Stanley Yip 2016

0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 1,800,000 2,000,0000.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

900.00

Berne

Stockholm

Dublin

Wellington

Canberra

Vienna

Copen-hagen

Shijiazhuang Zhengding

Tianjin Eco-City Shanghai

Hongqiao

Wuxi Taihu

Qinhuangdao Beidaihe

Tangshan Bay

Shenzhen Pingshan

Chongqing Yuelai

Hefei Binhu

Population

Are

a (S

q. K

m)

Notes:1. The Planned Low Carbon Eco-Cities are the 17 MOHURD approved demonstration

projects as at December 2012. (Data sources: MOHURD, Wang 2013, Author analysis)

2. Selected Capital Cities are for comparison purpose only. Population data are as at 2010 – 2012. (Data source: www.en.m.wikipedia.org)

Planned Low Carbon Eco-cities in China

Selected Capital Cities of other Countries

Low Carbon Eco-City Projects in China : A Scale Comparison

© Stanley Yip 2016

Alliance of Peaking Pioneering Cities (APPC) in China (Established in 2015, 21 Cities as at June 2016)

National Goal 2030

Targ

et P

eak

Year

Data Sourtce: iGDP © Stanley Yip 2016

2030

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Alliance of Peaking Pioneering Cities (APPC) in China : Action Framework

Data Source: HU Min, www.chinadialogue.net 2016-3-2

• Establish 14 designated Demonstrative Green Eco-Districts.

• Promote and explore innovative implementation mechanisms and policies.

Planning for Green Eco-Districts in the City of Beijing

Beijing Future Science & Technology Park

Beijing Lize Financial Business District

Changxindian Eco-City Urban Regeneration

District

Beijing Technological Business District

Yanqi Lake Ecological Demonstration Park

Miyun Ecological Business District

Haidian Northern District

Yongding River Green Ecological

Corridor

Yongding Riverside Business District

New Capital Steel Comprehensive

Development DistrictTongzhou Canal Core

Area

Beijing Central Business District

Beijing Bohai-rim Advanced Business Park

Zhongguancun Science Park

Beijing Master Land Use Plan (2004-2020)

Source: Beijing City Planning and Design institute

© Stanley Yip 2016

Mandatory Green KPI in Land Parcel Zoning Codes and Land Lease Contracts

Building Energy Efficiency

Renewable Energy

Waste Management

Afforestation

Carbon Sink

10% Energy Supply from Renewable

Sources

Water Resources

Reduce 28% Energy Demand

Reduce 36% Water Consumption

100% Waste Classification &

Treatment

Increase 18% Green Area

Increase 52% Carbon

Sequestration

© Stanley Yip 2016

Site Specific Carbon Mitigation Spatial Conditions

Example: Integrating spatial requirements for energy infrastructure into Statutory Plans

© Stanley Yip 2016

The largest urban regeneration project in Beijing: 8 sq. km planning area.

© Stanley Yip 叶祖达 2016

Towards Climate Positive Urban Regeneration: Beijing New Capital Steel (Shougang) Development – C40 Climate Positive Project

33.81 ha of mixed use development at the core of the regeneration plan

Public policies + Market Collaboration

The project

Adjacent districts

17© Stanley Yip 叶祖达 2016

Towards Climate Positive Urban Regeneration: Beijing New Capital Steel (Shougang) Development – C40 Climate Positive Project

Post-industrial Heritage

AdaptationZero

wasteZero carbon

Innovative Strategies and Business Models

Climate Positive Goal:

Minimize on-site emisison, and generate externalities in emission reduction for adjacent areas

© Stanley Yip 2016

invest, build and manage an Integrated Renewable/Clean Energy Supply System with capacity both for the project and the surrounding areas.

Establish New Business Models

Old furnace converted to Low Carbon Education Centre for the community.

Hot Water

Electricity

Heating

Cooling

Residential Buildings

Commercial Buildings

© S

tanl

ey Y

ip

1. Encourage and enable local governments to

innovate

2. Generate new business models in markets

3. Progress from pilots to best practices to

statutory instruments

4. Time is of essence

Concluding Remarks and Suggestions: