Dr. Jeffrey Young graduated from Colorado State University School of Veterinary Medicine in 1989. He established Planned Pethood Plus, Inc (PPP) in 1990. PPP is best known for its low-cost mobile neutering services, Native American Reservation work, and training of veterinarians from around the world in more efficient surgical techniques. Dr. Young has served on numerous Human Society boards and has been an advisor from mobile surgical units all across America. He has founded his own non-profit group called Planned Pethood International. Planned Pethood International was established to help fund spay/neuter work and veterinary training from its new state of the art veterinary hospitals in Bratislava, Slovakia and Merida, Mexico. Dr. Young believes his human ethics come from being an Animal Control Officer during his veterinary college training. He is most proud of having personally sterilized over 165,000 animals in the last 25 years, and he is an outspoken proponent of early age neutering for companion animals population control. Dr. Young is driven by a simple underlying mission “to significantly reduce companion animal overpopulation through out the world.”

“Think Globally Act Locally “

DYNAMICS OF STREET DOG POPULATION CONTROL

KILLING SURPLUS DOGS AND CATS HAS BEEN AND IS THE

“GOLD STANDARD” THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.

2004 Frank, J. Humane Ecology: Companion animals overpopulation is a problem of human creation with significant human cost that can only be addressed through human action.

What Is A Street Dog?

• Owned/Lost/Stray/Abandoned.• Neighborhood/Community Dogs/Born on the

Streets/Free Roaming/Truly Feral.• Street Dogs are the Byproduct of Irresponsible

Human Actions.• No-kill Shelters are Almost Always Over

Capacity and Kill Shelters Don’t Care About Source of the Animals.

Why Do We Kill Them?

• Tradition. • Zoonotic Diseases .• Bites/Aggressive Behavior/Fear.• Traffic Issues.• Bureaucracy/Politics. • Mafia-Money/Corruption. • Nuisance/Barking/Fighting/Soiling/Trash Issues.• Predation/Livestock/Wildlife.• Tourist/Business Industries.

Time For Paradigm Shift

• Low cost/free sterilization programs and educational programs promoting pet sterilization and responsible ownership have been found to be the most effective and least costly method in addressing overpopulation.

• Low cost/free sterilization programs have been shown to have no negative impact on unsubsidized programs and in fact usually resulted in an increase in sterilization and overall business by local veterinarian.

Failure Of The “Gold Standard”

• Humane/Moral Issues.• Carrying Capacity of the Environment.• Costly and Perpetual. • Impossible to Kill Them All and Often

Kill the Wrong Dogs. • Over Crowded, Often Under Funded

Animal Agencies.

COSMETIC AT BEST

Leaving the Gold Standard Behind

• Cooperation a Must,

• Local Contacts, “Regional Captains”.• Media, “Any Kind”. • Strategic Planning, “Limited Resources”.• Education Component, “Children Important”.• Emphasis on Public Health and Humane Alternatives.• Must Keep Stats, “Have Measurement of Success”.

Don’t confuse me with facts

Humane Organizations “NGO’s”.Veterinary Profession.Government Agencies.

NATHALIE KLINGE’S 2013 PRESENTATION

• Bucharest, Romania in 3 years 100,000 free roaming dogs killed at a cost of 5 million Euros. At the end of the 3 years still 100,000 dogs in the streets.

• Sofia, Bulgaria had about 6,000 street dogs after 7 years of stringent killing only got a 30% reduction.

• City of 200,000 people and 8,000 street dogs, by killing 25% of the street dog population each year for 10 years the cost is 1,800,000 Euros, achieving no long term reduction (6,000).

• Total cost for TNR over same period would be 995,000 Euros.

• M.K. Sudarshan’s survey 2007. Post-exposure treatment for humans bitten in India is about 25 million for 500,000 people. 25 million could vaccinate 12 million dogs.

• 12 divided by 20 = 60% of street dog population.

• 55,000 People Die Yearly from Rabies. About 4 million people are treated annually.

• Dundee, England 1980’s – First 10 years A.C. caught and killed strays with no real difference in number of strays.

• In 1989, started subsidizing spaying scheme and by 1999 strays dropped by 60% and euthanasia's dropped by 90%.

• Carding in 1969 reported RSPCA was receiving over 300,000 strays a year.

• Tenzinetal 2012- Economic impact of rabies in Buthan showed average medical cost was $35.65 for entire post exposure regimen.

• The average cost of dog sterilization was $6.36 and rabies vaccine $1.66.

• Combined human post exposure treatment and dog vaccination/sterilization would be $73 million for 6 years.

• While human treatment alone would be $77 million for 6 years.

• Cleveland 2001 - A dog rabies vaccination campaign in rural Africa: impact on the incidence of dog rabies.

• The results of rabies vaccination campaign and a co- occurring survey of dog bites in the Mara Region, Tanzania is reported.

• Four separate campaigns were performed approximately 1 year apart. Initial rabies vaccination of dogs was 9.1% and after the vaccination campaign, rabies vaccination coverage increased to 67.8%.

• Incidence of canine rabies dropped by 70% after the first and 97% after the second campaign in one district.

• The incidence of dog bites decreased by 28.8 bites/ 100,000 people to 6.02 /100,000 people.

• In a neighboring district that did not receive any vaccination, dog rabies did not change.

• Hattieburg, Mississippi USA. From 2007 to 2010 shelter intake was 9000 animal per Year.

• They opened a subsidized Low-Cost clinic in 2011. Intake dropped to 6477 and in 2012 had dropped to 4901.

Animal Sheltering November-December 2013

CHINNY KRISHNA

• Chennai, India. Late 1800’s killing about one dog per day. By 1995 killing 135 dogs per day.

• 1996 ABC started. From 1996 to 2002 rabies deaths in humans dropped from a 120 to 16 annually, while the human population steadily increased.

SOCIETY for PROTECTION of ANIMALS PANCEVO,SERBIA 2013

City Number of Inhabitants

Shelter Capacity

Number of animals

caught in the streets

CNR program

Budget (Serbian Dinars)

Animal bites

number of bites

Pancevo 127,000 80 971 yes 3,000,000 64

Loznica 79,327 150 165 No 5,384,000 210(18Months)

Smederevo 109,809 170 160 Not active 9,000,000 High numbers suspected

Kula 48,353 60 260 No 7,969,000 99

Kovin 36,802 100 149 Yes 1,600,000 Low numbers indicated

Zrenjanin 132,237 Uknown 1500 Not active 7,711,000 89 (6months in 2013)

Dollars And CentsRyannewmanfoudation.org

• In America we spend about 1 billion dollar/per year to pick up, house and euthanize homeless animals.

• Using 5% of that money we could open up 250 low cost spay/neuter facilities and sterilize more than 4 million animals a year.

Andrew J. Yoak- Disease Control Through Fertility. Preventive Veterinary Medicine (2014)

• 7 conditions looked at1. Body condition

2. Fleas

3. Fight wounds

4. CPV

City 1) Jaipur ABC 1994 –Best all 7 conditions

2) Joolpur ABC 2004 – 2nd best

3) Sawai No ABC - Worse for all conditions

Tick the only thing higher in JaipurIntact animals were better off- improved health of all dogs in the city with sterilization and RV only.

5. Ehrlichia canis6. Leptospirosis7. ICH

Long Term Goal Necessities

• Low Cost to Free Spay/Neuter.• Humane Education and Public Awareness.• Stray/Feral Control Program.• Legislation Covering Animal Welfare.• Definition of Companion Animal Ownership.• Requirements for Healthcare and Husbandry.• Breeding/Selling of Companion Animals Regulations.• License and Rabies Identification. • Animal Control Ordinances/Laws.

WHO, 1990- Pick Your Poison• After an initial exponential growth in a dog

population, the birth rate begins to decrease and the rate of death increases reaching equilibrium.

• Depending on the capacity of the environment to keep this balance. “Carrying Capacity of the Environment”.

• The carrying capacity of the environment varies with habitat and depends on the availability, distribution, and quality of the resources. “shelter, food, water”.

• The density of the populations of dogs is almost always near the carrying capacity of the environment.

Jeff Young D.V.MPlanned Pethood Plus Inc

4170 Tennyson St. Denver, CO 80212

Cell:720-937-5082 Work:303-433-3291drneuter@hotmail.com

www.plannedpethoodplus.comwww.facebook.com/jeffreyyoung

www.facebook.com/plannedpethhoodinternational