INSTALLATION OF HOT

WATER SUPPLY

FOR HOTEL

INTRODUCTION

❖ Hot water is an essential part of everyday life across Malaysia.

❖ Hot water is not only important for domestic uses but also important for commercial buildings like office, hotels and hospital.

❖ In hotel industry, it is efficient to use solar water heating system to supply hot water.

❖ Solar water heating system will insulate the hotel room from rising fossil fuel cost.

❖ The average hot water consumption per occupant in hotel is 90-160 liters per day.

INTRODUCTION

1.TANKLESS WATER HEATING SYSTEM ❖ System where the water heated instantly to meet the requirements of the consumer.

❖ It is also known as tankless or instantaneous water heaters.

❖ Electricity or gas can be used in instantaneous water heaters.

❖ It is often used in a situation where long distribution pipe would mean an unnecessarily long wait for hot water.

❖ Only operate when hot water is required.

❖ Can be placed on the wall or built inside the wall.

2.STORAGE WATER HEATING SYSTEM ❖ Centralized hot water supply system is heated by fuel oil and stored in storage tank.

❖ It is also known as storage system.

❖ Boiler and heater must be placed closely to the storage tank to reduce the heat losses.

❖ It is recommended to place in the centre of the building to reduce the heat loss.

❖ Pipework should be insulated to conserve heat.

3.SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM

❖ It uses free heat collected from the sun to heat up the cold water and supply domestic hot water.

❖ Consists of solar panels and collectors.

❖ This system require a well insulated storage tank.

❖ Storage tank must have an additional outlet and inletconnected to and from the collector.

❖ There are two types of solar water heating systems:- Active solar water heating systems- Passive solar water heating systems

INSTALLATION

PROCESS

INSTALLATION OF HOT WATER SUPPLY

❖ More complicated while required to install at high rise building .

❖ Enormous piping system required .❖ Few considerations : - Type of hot water supply system to be installed - Materials for pipe used

CENTRALIZED HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM❖ Water heated in a hot storage vessel, boiler or

small gas circulator.❖ It connected by supply pipework and circulatory

pipework .❖ The water temperature in storage vessel should

not exceed 60ºC, ❖ There are two main types of hot water supply:- Direct hot water supply. - Indirect hot water supply.

PIPING MATERIAL

❖ Plastic pipe which able to withstand temperature up to 100ºC .

❖ Speeds up installation process since it is flexible.

1.Copper❖ High thermal

conductivity .

❖ Lower cost and high availability

2.Cross-Link Polyethylene (PEX)

PIPING MATERIAL3.Polybutylene(PB)❖ Plastic resin material. ❖ Low cost and easily

installed .❖ Not resistant against

oxidants ❖ Poor chemical

resistivity.

STORAGE TANK

Huge storage tank to be installed on top of building

Installation of reasonable sized storage tanks every 10th levels

ZONING VALVE❖ Installation at main pipe each floor before

separated into every room.❖ Allows easier maintenance .

MAINTENANCE

1.TEMPERATURE MONITORING❖ Circulating hot water supply systems1)principal loops2)subordinate loops3) localized loops

❖ Thermal disinfectionMaintaining the temperature high enough

2.INSPECTION OF CALORIFIERS❖ Carried out by removing the inspection hatch

or using a horoscope❖ Cleaned by draining the vessel❖ Initial flush should be collected and inspected

for clarity,quantity of debris and temperature❖ Frequency of inspection When?❖ New water installation or refurbishment of

hot water system❖ Hot water is not used for a prolonged period❖ Indicate evidence of microbial contamination

3.CHLORINE INSPECTION ❖ Routine chlorination after tank installation

❖ Disinfection purpose and suitable concentration range of chlorine is 0.5-1.0mg per liter

❖ Need to do annually

❖ Overdose of chlorine will cause health issues

❖ Infections and irritations

4.WATER SOFTENER ❖ Light scale formation of water softener on

inner surface of pipes

❖ Decrease the heavy deposit that impact of efficiency of systems

❖ Decrease the risk of causing microbial colonization

❖ Reduce potential of the water being infected by microorganisms.

5.WATER SAMPLES INSPECTION

❖ Water samples at final outlets should be collected randomly on weekly basis

❖ Evidence of microbial contamination of the water system

❖ Investigate all the required elements in the water are of suitable dosage.

❖ The storage and piping system and essential repair should be conducted if necessary.

ADVANTAGES &

DISADVANTAGES

1.TANKLESS WATER HEATING SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Long term energy savings

Start-up delay

Less Physical space Risk of fire

Unlimited hot water High maintenance cost

Reduced risk of water damage

2.STORAGE WATER HEATING SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESHigh flow rates Pre heat hot water

neededLow maintenance costs

Hot water require recovery time

Provides large bulk of storage

Storage space neededRisk of pipes freezing in winter

3.SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESSafe to use Maintenance cost is

highSave cost Initial cost is highConvenient Complicated

installation Environment friendly

CASE STUDY

ROYAL ORCHID SHERATON HOTEL

ROYAL ORCHID SHERATON HOTEL

❖ Located in Bangkok, Thailand

❖ Open for business since 1984, last renovated in 2010

❖ 726 rooms with unobstructed river views

❖ Uses solar energy heating system by Pranee Tech Ltd

OLD HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM

❖ Using boiler to produce steam

❖ Can produce 5 tons of steam per hour

❖ Required 2000 Litres of fuel per day

❖ Steam produced are used to generate hot water generator

❖ Maximum temperature controlled at 55°C

NEW HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEM

❖ Solar heating system since 2008

❖ Reason: - Increasing price of fuel over US$ 0.70/litre - Subsidy 4500 Baht/m2 from Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE)

Solar Collector: 357m2Hot Water Storage Tank: 2 (23,000 Litres)Heat Pump: 5Circulation Pump & Control System

Average output temperature: 55°C24,000 Litres per day of hot water

❖ Using Differential Thermostat❖ Circulation Pumps : radiate heat❖ 5 Heat Pumps : Additional supply 2000

Litres per hour each at 50°C at 30°C initial temperature.

❖ Flow of Hot Water: Storage tank, generator, piping system, occupants

OPERATION OF SOLAR SYSTEM

❖ Reduce the emission of carbon dioxide gas (CO2)

Reason: solar energy (renewable energy) , saving in fuel oil consumption

❖ Estimated carbon dioxide gas (CO2) released: 300 tonnes ( saving in fuel oil, increase of electricity usage)

ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL BENEFIT

❖ Require additional electricity sources when solar energy is insufficient

❖ Regular Maintenance

DISADVANTAGE OF SOLAR HEATING SYSTEM

POSSIBLE PROBLEM TO HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

❖ Effect to the water flow

❖ Air may enter through :

-Cylinder vent - Water that need to be heat - Hot water tank❖ Cause by: - Insufficient size of hot water tank - Narrow pipe that connect cold water tank and hot water tank

❖ Cause by: - Crack and rust inside

the hot water tank - Loosen drain valve- High temperature and

pressure inside the hot water tank

- Lack of maintenance

POSSIBLE PROBLEM1.AIRLOC

KS2.LEAKAGE

❖ Cause by :- Low environment

temperature (In winter)- Insufficient size of hot

water tank- Leakage - Airlocks- Age of hot water heater

❖ Cause serious cases such as:

- Steam shoot out - Hot water flows out from the tank - Boiling sounds produce from the tank

POSSIBLE PROBLEM3.INSUFFICIENT

HOT WATER4.OVERHEATING

❖ Black or rusty-coloured hot water

❖ Cause by: - The reaction between water and anode in water heater.

❖ Rotten eggs smell❖ Cause :

- Dissolved anode feed by bacteria and produce hydrogen gas

POSSIBLE PROBLEM5.DISCOLOURED

HOT WATER6.BAD SMELL

Pops, bangs and gurgles soundCause by: - Sediments build up

excessively - Scale build on heating

element - Expanding and contracting

of metal parts - Hard water scale

POSSIBLE PROBLEM

7.NOISE

SOLUTION &

FUTURE RECOMMENDATION

❖ Require sufficient pressure to push the air through the pipes

❖ Installing vent points in the pipes so air can escape through it

❖ Regular Maintenance should be made

SOLUTION

1.AIRLOCKS

2.LEAKAGE

3.INSUFFICIENT HOT WATER❖ Install a larger tank

❖ Switch to instantaneous hot water supply system

❖ Check the thermostats to ensure it is functioning properly

❖ Regular maintenance❖ Change the dissolved

anode

SOLUTION4.OVERHEATING

5.DISCOLOURED HOT WATER

6.BAD SMELL❖ Flush the tank

❖ Change the dissolved anode

7.NOISE❖ Use rubber insulation❖ Make sure that the

pipes is not directly in contact with the building

❖ Ensure the pipe is installed rigidly

❖ Bigger capacity❖ Improve efficiency

FUTURE RECOMMENDATI

ON1.INSTALLATION OF EXTRA TANK

2.INSTALLING HOT WATER PUMP & HIGH EFFICIENCY LOOP SYSTEM❖ A more efficient

way to deliver hot water

❖ Saves time

❖ Water supply needs to be checked for blockage.

❖ Installing additional hot water tanks

❖ Installing an instantaneous hot water supply system

❖ Raising the storage to a higher ground

FUTURE RECOMMENDATI

ON3. LOSS OF WATER PRESSURE

4. REGULAR MAINTENANCE