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THE MECHANIZATION OF GRAPE CULTIVATION IS DESCRIBED
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REQUIREMENTS OF MACHINERY FOR MECHANIZATION OF CULTIVATION OF GRAPES
S.C. MandharEmeritus Scientist
Section of Agricultural Engineering Section, [email protected]
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore- 560 089.
State Area in ’000 ha.
1. Maharashtra 82
2. Karnataka 17.4
3. Tamil Nadu 2.6
4. Andhra Pradesh 1.4
5. Punjab 0.5
6. Others 2.4
All India 106.4
Area under grape cultivation (2009-10)
GRAFTING TOOLS
IRRIGATION AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION
Fertigation unit
Computerized fertigation system3 tank & 5 tank systems
Subsoiler with mole for drainage
Sub soiler with pulverization
and compaction roller
SUB SOILER
Sub soiler with soil pulverizer roller
Sub soiler
Tractor required – 50 – 80 hp
Under-soil fertilizerUnder-soil fertilization is efficient and
saves about 30% fertilizer
Vertical trencher for installing irrigation pipe linePipe dia. – 150 mmTop width – 20 cmDepth – 54 cm & aboveTractor speed – 0.35 to 0.65 km/h
Ditcher
TRENCHER AND DITCHER
Top width – 75 cm & aboveBottom width – 20 – 23 cmDepth – 54 cm & aboveTractor speed – 0.8 – 1.2 km/h
Tractor required – 60 – 80 hp
Tractor operated post pointerTractor – 15 hp
Pointed post
Tractor operated post driver (Vibrational)Post length – 3 m, 230 joules/stroke, 950 strokes/min., Striking head diameter – 12-15
cm, hp required – 35 hp 250 posts/hour
POST POINTER AND POST DRIVER
Tractor operated post hole diggerTractor – 50 hp for 15 cm dia. hole
Manual operated post hole digger with rotation by tractor operated hydraulic motor
Tractor operated stake driverManual operated stake driver with rotation by
tractor operated hydraulic motor
POST HOLE DIGGER AND STAKE DRIVER
ANCHORS
Anchoring rope
Disc Anchors
Anchors
Fenox anchor
TRACTOR OPERATED WIRE UNWINDER
Tractor operated unwinder for 5/4 rowTractor – 35 hp with hydraulic pump
Hook on post for wire fixing
Portable manual unwinder
Heavy Duty Single-Coil Jenny
Multi-Tier Spining Jenny
TRACTOR OPERATED WIRE UNWINDER
Retensionable Wire joiner Wire tightner
Inline wire tightner / strainer
Tools for ieing vines with G.I wires
Fruit crop weeder/basin cleaner
Offset type rotary hoe / disc harrow /blade harrow with a sensor
Tractor operated 1.5 to 2 m away from the trunkRequired 35 – 50 hpCost – Rs. 2 - 3 lakhs
Disc harrow
Rotary harrow
Rotavator
Offset 1 rotary harrow
Working width 60-90 cm
Fruit crop weeder/basin cleaner
Rotary hoe / disc harrow / blade harrow with 2 sensors
Tractor operated 1.5 to 2 m away from the trunkRequired 50 hp and more with higher capacity hydraulic system
Cost – Rs. 3 - 5 lakhs
Cultivator cum rotary brush
Cultivator cum blade harrow cum clod crusher
Cultivator cum rotary harrow cum clod crusher
Offset 2 row rotary harrow
Adjustable cultivator with inter-row
weeding
Tractor front mounted weeder cum windrower mulcher
Approximate Cost – Rs. 1.5 lakhsTractor – 35 hp
Sweeper for pruned vines
Shredder for pruned vines
Tractor – 35 & above
Tractor – 50 & above
TRACTOR OPERATED PRUNER
Tractor front mount front prunerTractor power requirement – 35 hpPruning capacity – 0.6 ha/hr.Tractor needs built in hydraulic system and front PTO
Leaf remover ( from infront of grape bunches)
Pruner ( dried wines)
Trimming machine for extra vine growth
Pneumatic and electric pruners
Tractor PTO operated air compressor
Required air capacity – 7 kg/sq.cm, 400 - 430 lpmPneumatic secauter can cut upto 50 mm dia.Weighs from 0.6 kg – 4.1 kg 35 hp tractor can operate 7 secauters Cost – Rs. 1.0 lakhs
Pneumatic secauter Electric/battery operated pruner
Side shoot remover – 1 side Side shoot remover – 2 sides
Side shoot remover in action
Tractor – 35 hp & aboveCost – Rs. 1 – 1.5 lakh
Side shoot remover
Tractor mounted air assisted sprayer for grape orchards and medium height trees (spraying from below)
Blower speed – 4000 rpm: Nozzles height – 1 mTractor – 25 hp: Air speed – 200m/sec.
Field capacity – 1.5 ha/hr. Cost – 1.50 lakhs
Tractor mounted air assisted sprayer for grape orchards, medium and tall trees (spraying from below and top)
Tractor – 45 hp: Can spray upto 10 m height: Field capacity – 1.5 ha/hr. Cost – 2 lakhs.
Tractor mounted air assisted sprayer for grape orchards for 2-3 row (spraying from below and top)
Field capacity – 2.5 ha/hr: Cost – Rs. 3 lakhs.
Tractor mounted air assisted sprayer for medium height treesCan spray both sides of a row: Air velocity – 200 m/sec.
Field capacity – 2.5 ha/hr. Cost – Rs. 2 lakhs
CANOPY SPRAYER
Tractor pulled air assisted canopy sprayer for 2 rowsTractor 45 hp, Field Capacity 2ha/hr, Rs. 3.5 lakhs
Tractor pulled single rowair assisted canopy sprayer
Electrostatic spray nozzle
ADDITIONAL FEATURES IN ADVANCED TRACTORS
Center hinge for minimum turning radius
Front PTO and 3-point linkage for front mounted implements and hydraulic system for
operating the machinery
Item Indian tractors Advanced tractors
Nos. of pto 1 Upto 3(front, centre and back)
No. of 3 point linkage systems
1 Upto 2(front and back)
Turning radius More Less due to centre hinge
Seat position Facing front Seat reversible and tractor can work efficiently in both directions
Hydraulic system
Can not operate attached implements
Can operate attached machineries
Tyre sizes Bigger sizes for rear tyre
Equal sizes for both tyres
Driving wheels Two wheel drive Four wheel drive
ADDITIONAL FEATURES IN ADVANCED TRACTORS
ADVANCED TRACTORS SHOULD BE IMPORTED DUE TO
1. COMPACTNESS2. CAN PERFORM MORE THAN ONE
OPERATION AT A TIME3. LESSER TURNING RADIUS4. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
Central Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute, Budni, M.P
is official Institute for testing of tractors, powertillers, combine harvesters and other farm machineries, for the quality control on the
basis ofIndian and International Standards (OECD).
CFMTTI, Budni is participating member of the OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) for carrying out the official test on agricultural tractors in accordance
with OECD standard test codes.
Twenty-nine countries adhere to the tractor OECD test codes (including non-OECD members: China, India , the Russian Federation, and Serbia),
With active tractor test stations in approximately 25 of those countries.
The OECD codes require that tractors be tested in the country of manufacture. Reciprocity agreements with the codes require that once an OECD test report is officially approved, it must be accepted by all participating countries.
OECD Tractor Codes allow participating countries to perform tractor tests according to harmonised procedures, and to obtain OECD official approvals which facilitate international trade.
The codes cover the testing of:Tractor performance
• engine power & drawbar power output and fuel consumption; • hydraulic power output & hydraulic lift capacity.
In addition, • braking performance, turning area and turning circle;• centre of gravity location• external noise level• axle power• performance in a hot atmosphere & low temperature starting
Noise levels & Operator safety
It is suggested that we may import the advanced and compact tractors with minimum turning radius
without getting these tested at CFMTTI, Budni if these are
tested as per OECD Tractor Codes at country of export
from European Union, USA, Canada, Japan, Australia.
The tentative price of tractor is Rs. 10 – 15 lakhs
