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Open Scholarship & Responsible Innovation
An Agenda for transformationalchange
IMAGES OF SCIENCE-SCIENCE MODES
1.KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND DISCOURSE(early 1900's arguments among geniuses')
2. COMPETITIVE SCIENCE: MONEY -VALUE DRIVEN (1990's onwards- notably biomedical fields)
3.OPEN COLLABORATION AND SHARING (2016- Open Science Framework)
2017: SCIENCE MODES ARE IN SERIOUS DISBALANCE
Knowledge Sharing and Discourse
Competitive Science vs Open Collaboration
Real-time Open Science saves Lives: Ebola and Zikka
!
Developing global norms for sharing data and results during public health emergencies
• WHO (2015) seeks a paradigm shift in the approach to information
sharing in emergencies, from one limited by embargoes set for
publication timelines, to open sharing using modern fit-for-purpose
pre-publication platforms. Researchers, journals and funders will
need to engage fully for this paradigm shift to occur
• Patents on natural genome sequences could be inhibitory for further
research and product development. Research entities should
exercise discretion in patenting and licensing genome-related
inventions so as not to inhibit product development and to ensure
appropriate benefit sharing.
• Journals should not penalize, and, indeed, should encourage or
mandate public sharing of relevant data
A general model for open access/ open source in early stage drug discovery
Public-PrivatePartnership
Public Domain Commercial
Tools & Basic KnowledgeNOVEL Proteins only!
• Structure• Chemistry• Antibodies• Screening• Cell Assays
Discovery and Exploration
• No patent• No restriction on use• Open access to tools and data.• Target identification &
validation
Drug Discovery and Development
Facilitated by access to increased amount of information in the public domain
- (re)Screening- Lead Optimisation- Pharmacology- Metabolism- Pharmacokinetics- Toxicology- Chemical development- Clinical development- Etc.
CREATIVE COMMONS PROPRIETARY
Don’t ignore the internal 'machinery' of science
Technical methodology
Verifica-tions
Negative results
Global Open Science as a remedy for
• "Productivity" paradox in Science
Reliability and Re-useability of Data: reproduceability of results
Efficiency
Open Science (vs) Resp Innovation
Good Science anywhere is good for Science everywhere":
• Credible Science:
-scientific integrity,codes of conduct
-open, reproduceable
Responsive Science:
-Open, networked collaborative Science: Responsive to societal challenges/Issue-mission oriented.
Responsible Science
-Anticipatory on impacts and outcomes
New institutions/extending :
Global Research Council:
New mandate for UNESCO?
• Good innovation anywhere, might be beneficial for many,
somewhere"
Credible Innovation:
-agreement on standards,
International agreement on codes of conduct/ethical
standards/
Responsive Innovation:
• 'Open' innovation, networked "knowledge coalitions
among diverse set of knowledge producers"
Responsible Innovation:
Joint tackling of Societal Challenges-"right outcomes of
R&I"
Mutual responsiveness, shared commitments
Innovation vs. Responsible Innovation
MARKET-BASED INNOVATION RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION
• State responsibility for risks
• Macro-economic assessment: 'infinite growth'
• steer less, inherently good
• 'the faster, the better'
• Technology-oriented R&D
• State responsibility for `right' impacts of R&I
• Economic and societal impact of 'knowledge'': 'sustained growth'
• responsive to basic needs, reflect basic values
• Innovation is 'managed'
• Issue-oriented R&I
From 'Responsible Development of Tech' towards 'Open Responsible Innovation'
Responsible Development Responsible Innovation Identification and management of
ethical, legal, and societal implications
Incorporation of safety evaluation of nanomaterial into the product life cycle and allocation of
Budgets for identification and study of risks
Identification of knowledge gaps and regulatory needs
Involvement of stakeholders and engagement in international dialogue
Key-tech focussed
Anticipatory Governance
Deliberative Governance: Early policy responsive and stakeholder commitment
Ethics of Co-Responsibility
Ethics as a driving force ('privacy by design' etc)
Mid-stream modulation
Driving innovation 'societal desirable ends'- Innovation partnerships
Societal objective focussed: whatever it takes as 'means': multitech-social innovation etc
What is Responsible Innovation?
• Responsible Research and Innovation is a transparent, interactive process by which societal actors and innovators become mutually responsive to each other with a view to the (ethical) acceptability, sustainability and societal desirability of the innovation process and its (marketable) outcomes and impacts
- Process and Product dimension
- Stakeholder commitment to socially desirable objectives
- Economic Paradigm: there is a market-defict; Regulation beyond state and market
Irresponsible Innovation
• Technology Push
• Policy Pull
• Neglectance of fundamental ethical/governance principles
• Lack of Foresight and Precaution
• Forgot to "shape" the technology
From pursuit of happiness to pursuit of sustainability
Give a man a fishand he has food for a day;
Teach a man to fishand he has food for a life-time
‘pursuit of happiness
Infinite rescources
Anybody has access to rescources
Privatisation & state –regulation
have demonstrated their limits: loss
of ‘meaning’ of souvereignity.
‘pursuit of ‘sustainability’
‘societal challenges’: innovation for
sustainability
Mission oriented research: providing the‘right’ impacts with open science.
• Address (global) societal challenge- chose a social objective not a technological objective, e.g.
• Stakeholder-innovation partners-committment on societalobjective, reflected in a commonly adopted research-innovationagenda
• Stakeholders should be a broad knowledge coalition of a diverse nature (academic, industry, civil society actors etc)
• Stakeholder should committ to open science: open data sharingprior to publishing among each other and preferably withextended open networks
Frugal Innovation: The 28 dollar foot
renevonschomberg.wordpress.com
On Responsible Innovation, open science and ethics:
please send me your comments!
Thanks for your attention