Robert Adams

1900 1950 2000 2050

.7bn

.2bn

2.9bn

6.4bn

2010 3.5bn

70% of the worlds population will live in cities Cities are responsible for 75-80% of the worlds green house gases and 70-80% of National GDP’s Source Jeb Brugmann

DECENTRALISATION TO CONCENTRATION

Glasgow

QUALITY PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE

Bordeaux

SHIPYARDS TO SUSTAINABILITY

Malmo Bo01

PEOPLE, PLACES AND TRANSPORTATION

Bogota

MONOFUNCTIONAL TO MULTIFUNCTIONAL

Melbourne

The Age c. 1980

waterways

1850s

continuity and change

1920s

1970s

1986

1998

1985

June 2005 Feb 2007

waterways

built form

clear structure

1983

clear structure

1836 city block

plan

19th century subdivision

20th century consolidation of land

distinct character

good fit with people’s intentions

public space in 1983 accessible all hours

public space in 2004 accessible all hours

accessible business hours

pedestrian zone - lunchtimes

1983

l = 5 dwellings

1997

3,763 dwellings

l = 5 dwellings

l convenience store

l = 5 dwellings

l convenience store

2002

9,895 dwellings

investing in public spaces

waterways

built form

street patterns

accessibility

2005

mid 1990s

on-road bike paths

off-road bike paths

Growth in no. of cyclists commuting to work in municipality has increased.

In 2011 bicycles now represent close to 10% of total vehicles on roads, footpaths and parks, up from 4% in 2006 and 1% in 2002.

accessibility

total no. of pedestrians per day – middle of swanston street

~Recording sites at Swanston St North & South, recorded significantly higher activity in 2007, compared with 2006 (14 per cent and 83 percent respectively)

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

1993 2004

12

,88

0

25

,20

0

8,6

76

8,9

04

18

,00

0

7,7

76

2,6

24

2,4

92

weekday

10-18 hr

weekday

18-00 hr

sat.

10-18 hr

sat.

18-00 hr

Staging Plan

extent of bluestone paving in 1985

extent of bluestone paving in 2004

variety versus consistency

LANEWAY COMMISSIONS 06

1992 2005

pre 1992

2005

1992 2005

1992 2005

street trees since 1993

WSUD

senses

kerbside cafes

1983

kerbside cafes

2004

investing in public spaces

waterways

built form

street patterns

public transport

parks

• 3311 per cent increase in apartments between 1982 and 2002;

• 830 per cent more residents 1992-2002;

• 71 percent more public space on streets and in squares between 1994 and 2004;

• 62 per cent more students in the CDB 1993-2004;

• 275 per cent more cafes and restaurants 1993-2004;

• pedestrian traffic has nearly doubled In the Bourke Street Mall between 1993 and 2004 from 43,000 people per day to 81,000;

• the Bourke Street Mall (81,000 daily) and Swanston St (60,500 daily) now both carry more pedestrians than London’s Regent Street (55,000 daily); and

• night time pedestrian traffic has increased 98 per cent between 1993 and 2004 reflecting the growth of bars and café’s and a safer, more welcoming environment.

The Age Newspaper

16 June, 2005

rates history

’95/96 ’96/97 ’97/98 ’98/99 ’99/00 ’00/01 ’01/02 ’02/03 ’03/04 ’04/05 ’05/06 ’06/07

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

¢ in $

non-residential rates

residential rates

public melbourne urban design strategy


public melbourne

urban design strategy



public melbourne

sustainability. . .

Sustainability targets for 2020

zero net emissions end the city’s contribution to global warming

watermark reduce the city’s mains water consumption levels by 12%

The zero emissions equation for Melbourne

4 500 000 t

1 850 000 t

925 000 t

925 000 t

800 000 t

zero

business as usual emissions in 2020

less: 50% reduction from building design & 15% from industry efficiency

less: growth of renewable purchases

less: double efficiency of non-renewable supply

less: sequestration

equals net emissions of:

Queen Victoria Market solar energy project

largest inner city grid-connected solar installation in the southern hemisphere

each year, these solar panels will . . .

generate 252 megawatts of electricity – equivalent amount of energy of 63 homes

save council approximately $37,800 in energy bills; and

save more than 369 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions

East Elevation

West Elevation

Daily maximum / minimum

temperature

Melbourne 1 Jan - 8 Feb 2002

oC

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

Cooling – night

purge

Looking back to go forward

‘Our current approach to city design is increasingly

financially, socially and environmentally

unsustainable.

Trends

‘Life style fuels boom in high density housing.’

The Age Thursday 24th August.

Melbourne: Oil & Mortgage Vulnerability

2001 2006

‘Australia has lost five times more farmland to urban sprawl

than to foreign buyers, with 89 million hectares vanishing

since 1984’ WEEKEND AUSTRALIAN Jan 22 2012.

Who will we be building for?

Smaller Households

2006 2031

………………………………………………………………….

Total households 7.8m 11.8m

………………………………………………………………….

Lone person 1.86m 3.6m

….………………………………………………………………

Couple with children 2.58m > 2.47m

……………………………………………………………….....

Couple without children 2.13m 3.79m

………………………………………………………………….

Population 20.7m 28.8m

SCOURCE: ABS,HOUSEHOLD PROJECTIONS, SERIES III

Source: The Age newspaper: 10 May 2011

Melbourne @ 5 million 2022

Existing responses have high hidden

costs.

1000 houses built on the fringe of Australian cities cost

$300 million more than 1000 houses built within existing

growth boundaries.

SOURCE. Trubka,R.,Newman,P. and Bilsborough,D. 2008, Assessing the costs of Alternative Development Paths of Australian Cities.

Curtain University and Parsons Brinckerhoff

Status Quo Melbourne @ 5 million

Will cost $110,080,000,000 extra over 50 years

assuming that half of all future housing is built on

the periphery of Melbourne

This is equivalent to the cost of 3 National Broadband

Networks. Imagine how many schools, hospitals and

community centres we could build with this?

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

4.5%

5.0%

5.5%

6.0%

6.5%

7.0%

7.5%

8.0%

F1

96

0

F1

96

2

F1

96

4

F1

96

6

F1

96

8

F1

97

0

F1

97

2

F1

97

4

F1

97

6

F1

97

8

F1

98

0

F1

98

2

F1

98

4

F1

98

6

F1

98

8

F1

99

0

F1

99

2

F1

99

4

F1

99

6

F1

99

8

F2

00

0

F2

00

2

F2

00

4

F2

00

6

F2

00

8

F2

01

0

F2

01

2

F2

01

4

F2

01

6

F2

01

8

Source: ABS, Construction Forecasting Council

FORECAST

Residential

Engineering

Non-Residential

Annual Building Activity Spending as a Percentage of GDP

8%

4%

Coal Production and sale is equal to 2% of GDP and 1% employment

Capacity

‘What if we could double the population of our

capital cities without having to subdivide any

further land beyond existing city boundaries.’

case studies

1970: 5,000 students

2010: 14,200 students

Melbourne @ 5 Million.

Status Quo is not an option! At the same time destroying the Australian dream of a home and

land package is not an option.

So what are our options?

‘The 7.5% City’

860,000 people @ 200 persons per Hectare

Land Capacity Analysis

Metro Cadastral Parcels 1,571,532

CADASTRAL PARCELS


Less SPECIAL ZONES eg. CBD

Total = 121,608 sites

SELECT PARCELS


Total 118,955 sites

Less PARKS Less PUBLIC USE and INDUSTRIAL

Total 114,554 sites


Less REAR LANEWAY

Total 40,628 sites

RECENTLY DEVELOPED SITES

Total = 40,156


HERITAGE REGISTER BUILDINGS Less 50% HERITAGE OVERLAY SITES

Total = 39,699 Total = 36,877

Less FRONTAGE < 6m TOTAL AVAILABLE SITES

Total = 34,753 Total 34,447 or 6,693 Hectares


Results

184 People/ha

220 People/ha

CREMORNE STREET CREMORNE

NICHOLSON STREET FITZROY

276 People/ha

358 People/ha

GORE STREET FIZTROY

NICHOLSON STREET COBURG

· 179 dwellings / ha

· 449 residents / ha.

· GFA : 2009 m2

Mexico City, Mexico

Dellekamp Architectos 2003

Aerial view

449 RESIDENTS / ha :

( Source: J.MOZAS, J.ARPA,: D BOOK, Density, Data, Diagrams, Dwellings, ’07 )

Calle Alfonso Reyes 58. Colonia Condesa

464 People/ha

400 People/ha

RALEIGH STREET WINDSOR

BARRY STREET CARLTON

· 571 dwellings / ha

· 903 residents / ha

· GFA : 2815 m2.

Vienna, Austria

Gerner ۫ Gerner Plus 2005

Aerial view

903 RESIDENTS / ha :

( Source: J.MOZAS, J.ARPA,: D BOOK, Density, Data, Diagrams, Dwellings, ’07 )

Kaiserstrasse 68

Melbourne overview showing 4 study areas

NOW

Johnston Street, Abbotsford – looking east

POSSIBLE FUTURE

Johnston Street, Abbotsford – artists impression

NOW

Nicholson Street, East Brunswick – looking south to the city

POSSIBLE FUTURE

Nicholson Street, East Brunswick – artists impression

NOW

Maribyrnong Road, – looking west to Union Road

POSSIBLE FUTURE

Maribyrnong Road – artists impression

NOW

Riversdale Road, – looking west to Riversdale Park

POSSIBLE FUTURE

Riversdale Road – artists impression

Known redevelopment sites 1.5% yield 500,000

persons @ 200 persons per hectare

SUBURBIA et al. 90% 0f METRO AREA

New Paradigm

‘We can’t solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we

used when we created them’

Albert Einstein

‘Transformation is the only approach to any viable

strategy for meeting the pressures of population

growth and climate change.

l = 5 dwellings

l convenience store

2002

9,895 dwellings

SOURCE: THE SUNDAY AGE, 27.09.09

City of Münster, Planning department

Advertising campaign 2001

Comparison of amount of space required to transport 72 people

72 bicycles = 90sqm Based on 1 person per bike

60 cars = 1000sqm Based on 1.2 people per car

1 bus = 30sqm Based on 72 people per bus

Curitiba

An Access Economics report prepared for Diabetes

Australia estimates the total economic cost of obesity

in Australia in 2008 was a staggering $58 billion.

‘people who used public transport on a particular day, also spent an average 41 minutes walking and/or cycling

as part of their travel.’ Chris Loader The Age March 12 2010

Implementation

‘Transformation can best be achieved through a

rationalization of the existing approach to Planning

Schemes.’

SOURCE Department of Planning and Communities

Design Development Overlay

Established Areas

Ongoing Change

Key Development Areas

DRAFT IMAGE

Engaging the community

‘Success is a political as well as a design solution. We

need to visualise the future in order to take the fear out

of the debate’

THE CHARACTER OF

URBAN INTENSIFICATION

ARC Research Project

University of Melbourne Ian Woodcock, Kim Dovey, Simon Wollan and Ammon Beyerle

STREETSCAPE A - EXISTING Victoria Street Richmond

STREETSCAPE A – Scenario A1 Victoria Street Richmond

4 Storeys 20% take - up


4 Storeys 60% take-up


4 Storeys, 60% take-up, 7m setback

NOW + WHEN Australian Urbanism – Venice Biennale 2010

http://www.theage.com.au/photogallery/entertainment/art-and-design/australian-cities-of-the-future/20100408-ruqq.html?selectedImage=0





NOW

Curtain Street, looking west to Nicholson Street

THE FUTURE

Curtain Street – artists impression

Government & Nonprofit

Robert Adams