1. Anti-radiation UV Vaccine: UV Radiation, Biologicaleffects, lesions and medical management - immune-therapyand immune-protection.

2. Antiradiation UV VaccineDmitri Popov, PhD, Advanced Medical Technologyand Systems Inc. , Canada.Jeffrey Jones , Professor, Baylor School Of Medicine,Houston, Texas.Maliev Slava, Professor, Vladicaucasian ResearchCenter of Russian Academy of Science. 3. Keywords:Ultraviolet radiation, Standard Erythema Dose(SED),Minimal Erythema Dose(MED), Sun Burns, SolarDermatitis, Sun Burned Disease, DNA Damage, CellDamage, Antiradiation UV Vaccine, Immune-Prophylaxis of Sun Burned Diseases, Immune-Prophylaxis of Sun Burns, Immune-Therapy of Sun-Burned Disease and Sun Burns, Basal Cell Carcinoma(BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), Melanoma(MLN), Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis(TEN). 4. Ultraviolet RadiationUltraviolet UVThe solar radiation at the top of the Earthsatmosphere contains a significant amount ofradiation of wavelength (l) shorter, and thereforemore energetic, than that of visible light (400700nm). 5. Ultraviolet RadiationWavelengths in the range 100400 nm constitutethe ultraviolet (UV) spectral region.The shortest of these wavelengths (UV-C, 100280nm)are essentially completely blocked (absorbed) byatmospheric oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3).Wavelengths in the UV-B range (280315 nm 1) areabsorbed efficiently though not completely by O3,while UV-A wavelengths (315400 nm) are absorbedonly weakly by O3 and are therefore more easilytransmitted to the Earths surface. 6. Ultraviolet RadiationUV radiation is conventionally categorized into3 areas:UVA (>315400 nm),UVB (> 280315 nm)UVC(>100280 nm)[IARC,Working Group Reports,2005] 7. Biological harmful effects of UVRadiationOn 13 April 2011, the International Agency for Researchon Cancer of the World Health Organization classifiedall categories and wavelengths of ultraviolet radiationas a Group 1 carcinogen.This is the highest-level designation for carcinogensand means "There is enough evidence to conclude thatit can cause cancer in humans". 8. Biological harmful effects of UVRadiationOverexposure of ultraviolet radiation a major cause ofskin cancer including basal cell carcinoma (BCC),squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) collectively referredto as non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) andmelanoma is the most common cancer in NorthAmerica. [Armstrong et al. 1993, Gallagher et al. 2005] 9. Biological harmful effects of UVRadiationSkin damage:Skin damage could be divided for 4 major grades:1.Faint erythema with dry desquamation.2.Moderate to severe erythema.3. Severe erythema with blistering, moistdesquamation.4. Toxic epidermal necrolysis.Mild doses of UV radiation induce cell death byapoptosis and moderate and high doses of UVradiation induce cell death by necrosis 10. Skin structure 11. Basal Cell Carcinoma National Cancer Institute 12. Basal Cell Carcinoma National Cancer Institute 13. Title : Melanoma, Brown And RedLesions. National Cancer Institute 14. Melanoma: Brown lesionNational Cancer Institute 15. Melanoma : Red and Brown LesionNational Cancer Institute 16. Squamous Cell CarcinomaNational Cancer Instutte 17. Malignant Melanoma of the chestEmory Univ. School of Medicine 18. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MelanomaEpigemiologic studies suggest that exposureto Ultraviolet radiation (UVA and UVB) is one of themajor contributors to the development of melanoma.UV radiation causes Damage to the DNA of cells,typically thymine dimerization, which whenunrepaired can create mutations in the cell's genes.When the cell divides, these mutations are propagatedto new generations of cells. If the mutations occurin protooncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, the rateof mitosis in the mutation-bearing cells can becomeuncontrolled, leading to the formation of a tumor. 19. Skin cancer statisticsThe incidence of both non-melanoma and melanomaskin cancers has been increasing over the past decades.Currently, between 2 and 3 million non-melanomaskin cancers and 132,000 melanoma skin cancersoccur globally each year. One in every three cancersdiagnosed is a skin cancer and, according to SkinCancer Foundation Statistics, one in every fiveAmericans will develop skin cancer in theirlifetime. 20. DNA DamageDNA is constantly subjected to environmental insultsof damaging agents such as ionizing radiation andultraviolet radiation. Ionizing Radiation andUltraviolet radiation can cause single-strand DNAbreaks and double-strand DNA breaks. UltravioletRadiation can induce fusing of two pyrimidinesadjacent to each other in the DNA. 21. Direct DNA damageDirect DNA damage can occur when DNA directlyabsorbs the UV-B-photon. UV-B lightcauses thymine base pairs next to each other in geneticsequences to bond together into pyrimidine dimers, adisruption in the strand, which reproductive enzymescannot copy. It causes sunburn and it triggers theproduction of melanin. 22. Direct DNA damage 23. UV Radiation Protection.Using sunscreen does not mean it is safe tospend more time in the sun, especially when theUV Index is high.Although a sunscreen with an SPFof 15 or higher offers protection from sunburn, itdoes not block all of the suns damaging rays.In fact, there is no evidence that sunscreens protectyou from malignant melanoma, the deadliest formof skin cancer, even though sunburns have beenlinked with the development of melanoma. 24. Antiradiation UV Vaccine.Methods and ExperimentalDesign:Our experiments and testing of UV AntiradiationVaccine have employed a wide variety of laboratoryanimals which include :Chinchilla rabbits, 11-12 months old, live weight 3.5-3.7(n=30),Balb mice, 2-3 months old, live weight 20-22 g (n=100),Wistar rats, 3-4 months old, live weight 180-220g(n=133).Fifteen rabbits, thirty mice, forty Wistar rats werevaccinated with UV Antiradiation Vaccine. 25. Antiradiation UV VaccineVaccination with UV AntiradiationVaccine were provided in 17 days before UVirradiation.The animals were irradiated in DRT-1 UV generatorlump.Dose of irradiation for laboratory, experimentalanimals was 10-12 * Standard ErythemaDose(SED) at L=283,7 . 26. Antiradiation UV VaccineThe First group of animals was vaccinated withAntiradiation UV Vaccine and underwent to UVRadiation.The second group of animals was used as biologicalcontrol without UV Radiation and other methodsprotection or treatment.The third group of animals was used as controlwithout any interventionsbefore and after UV Radiation. 27. Antiradiation UV VaccineResults:Ultraviolet Irradiation of the skin was performed withhigh doses of UV and causes an inflammation orerythema in all experimentalanimals.However grade of skin damage and inflammation wasdifferent between protected by vaccination and non-protected,non-vaccinated animals. 28. Antiradiation UV Vaccine.Animals without UV Antiradiation Vaccineprotection suffered from extensive sunburnsof second-third degree of sun burns.However, animals protected with UV AntiradiationVaccine demonstrated much mild forms of cell injury -first degree and very small putches with second degreeof skin injury.Animals protected with UV Antiradiation Vaccine.Photosensitivity reactions disappeared on second-thirdday after UV irradiation. 29. Antiradiation UV Vaccine.Discussion:The severity of skin damage depended on area ofexposed skin, time of UV irradiation and doses of UVirradiation.Skin damage could be divided for 4 major grades:1. Faint erythema with dry desquamation.2. Moderate to severe erythema.3. Severe erythemawith blistering, moistdesquamation.4. Toxic epidermal necrolysis. 30. Antiradiation UV VaccineAnimals, protected with Antiradiation UV Vaccine ,which underwent to high doses of UV Radiation,demonstrated only first degree sun burns someerythema without dry desquamation.However, animals without Antiradiation VaccineProtection demonstrated extensive severe erythemawith blistering, moist desquamation and even ToxicEpidermal Necrolysis 31. Antiradiation UV VaccineAfter different doses of UV Radiation there are twotypes of cell deathnecrosis and apoptosiswhichdiffer in their mechanisms, morphology, and roles indisease and physiology.Proteases are a key factors for the induction ofphysiological immune responses to UV Radiation.This induction can be direct, through thedegradation of antigens damaged macromolecules-withinphagolysosomes, or indirect, through theactivation of key pattern recognition receptors(PRRs), such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). 32. Antiradiation UV VaccineExcess production of proteases leads to host responsesand excess tissue inflammation and damage anddeveloping specific biological concequences andclinical response.Antiradiation UV Vaccine blocked excessiveproduction of proteases and prevent DNA damage.Study and research of Mechanisms of blocking DNAdamage by protection with Antiradiation UV Vaccinenow underway.