Upload
mrallah-dad-khan
View
55
Download
4
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Cultivation of Medicinal
Plants
Medicinal Plants Define As
Those plants that have healing properties are termed as medicinal plants or herbs.
Many plants with medicinal virtues are termed officinalis. ( Latin)Means medicinally useful.
This term dates back to the early Christian period, when monasteries were utilized as centers for the gathering and writing of information and usage of medicinal herbs.
World Situation of Medicinal Plants at a Glance
Medicinal plants have been used as healing agents since time immemorial. Of the 350,000 species of higher plants in the world, about 35,000 (up to 70,000) are used worldwide for medicinal purposes (Lewington). The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that about 80% of the total population in developing countries use plants as source of medicines
Medicinal Plants and Pakistan
Pakistan has a diverse climatic condition supporting the growth of nearly 6000 higher plant species of which nearly 700 plant species are reported for their medicinal value . Nearly 300 medicinal plants are traded locally and internationally. Pakistan obtains more than 80 per cent of its medicaments from higher plants.
Some Issues related to Medicinal Plants in Pakistan
1)Depletion of existing stock and presently most of the plants are found scattered in the distant areas.
2)Threat to genetic erosion due to indiscriminate exploitation/harvesting by the collectors
3)Quality deterioration of medicinal plants 4)Few species are reported endanger to the
extinct.5)Non Development of the technology of
propagation and regeneration of medicinal plants in their natural habitat.
6)Non Conservation of this natural resources.
Advantages of cultivation of medicinal plants
As compared to the traditional crops, 1. Medicinal crops provide better returns than traditional
crops; 2. Have very high domestic and export demand; 3. Fetch better prices in the market; 4. Could be stored for a long time, and sold at a time
when better prices prevail in the market; 5. Are the largely drought tolerant, and not easily grazed
by animals; 6. Have low incidence of pest attacks and diseases; 7. Require minimum resources, therefore the cost of
cultivation is lower as compared to the traditional crops; 8. Could be raised as inter-crops, along with traditional
crops, and also on degraded lands.
Economic opportunities and cultivation of MP
1. Most of the world's supply of medicinal herbs is obtained by wild collection (often called "wildcrafting"), not by cultivation.
2. There are still many minor medicinal plant species in Country that are abundant in nature and can be collected in a sustainable fashion.
3. However, because of shrinking wild resources and a strengthening sentiment that biodiversity should be preserved, cultivation is becoming increasingly important.
4. Cultivation offers the possibility of not only preserving economically important wild plants in their natural habitats, but also of providing farmers with new crops.
5. Domestic and foreign markets for medicinal plants are growing rapidly and provide important opportunities for the development and diversification of Pakistani agriculture
Best Climate of Pakistan for Medicinal Plants
1. The annual rainfall ranges from 125 mm in the South to 875 mm in sub-mountainous and northern plains.
2. About 70% of the rain falls during the monsoon season (July-September). However, occasional showers also occur during the winter.
3. The summer months, except in mountainous areas, are very hot, while the winter months are mild in the plains and extremely severe in hilly regions.
Package for Medicinal
Plants Cultivation
1 Climate As per ecological zone
2 Organic Fertilizers Farm Yard manure, compost /biopost
3 Soil Selection
Soil Preparation
Loamy Soil preferred
Through one to two PloughingFollowed by planking
4 Seed Selection Choosing Seeds and seedlings Next in line comes choosing the seeds. The best option would be to choose disease resistant varieties
5 Seed availabilityMethod of seeding/sowing
Through reliable sourcePlanting Seeds One by OneThe Scatter Method/ broadcastTransplanting Seedlings/ nursery
6 Irrigation and irrigation method
Through Taps , Bucket irrigation, Drip Irrigation which ever is feasible
7 Insect Pests and Diseases control
To be controlled through expert advice
8 Harvesting time Proper maturity level or as directed
Package of technology for medicinal plants
9 Collection of seed /leaves/roots/stem
Collection as directed by expertAnd farmers own experience
10 Cleaning/Drying Dry in Sunlight / shade as recommendedBy researchers
11 Packing and Packaging As per demand of the market
12 Store Cool Dry Places
13 Transport to market Immediately or on the time The dealers desired for it
14 Marketing of finished product
Local/Provincial/National/InternationalSeek advice from experts about quantity, do not compromise on quality, as quality speaks.
Package of technology for medicinal plants contd
Winter Medicinal Plants
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants (Winter season)
# Name Time of sowing
Distance R/R and p/ Pin cm
Seed/Ha kgs
Time of Harvesting
Yield per Ha in Kgs
1 Ajwain ( Khurasani)
Sept-Oct 36/15 cm
10 kgs May -June 500-550 kgs
2 Ajwain desi
Sept-Oct 36/15 10-12 April- May 350-400
3 Alsi Oct-Nov 30 April-May 700-800
4 Kalwonji Sep-Oct 30/15 7-8 April-May 700-800
5 Tukhume balango
Sept-Oct 30 7-8 April 450-650
6 Malathi Sept-Oct 100 ---- After three to 4 years
4000-5000
7 Kuth Oct-Nov(roots)
Pots 35-45 After 3 Years
6000
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd
# Name Time of sowing
Distance R/R and p/ Pin cm
Seedrate/Ha
Time of Harvesting
Yield per Hectare in Kgs
8 Zeera Sufaid
Dec-Jan 40/15 12-15 May- June 1000
9 Zeera Kala
Sept-Oct 35 --- May –June 1000
10 Pudina Sept 25/15 Roots Dec -Jan 6000-7000
11 Coriander Aug-Sept Broadcast
---- Oct-Nov 900 Kg Seed
12 Methi July-Aug Broadcost
25 kg Sep-Oct 7000-9000
13 Mehindi June -sep 45 --- March -June
1500-3000
14 Aspaghool
Sep- Oct 40/15 5-7 March -April
500-625
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd
# Name Time of sowing
Distance R/R and p/ Pin cm
Seed/hain kgs
Time of Harvesting
Yield per Hectare in Kgs
15 Rai Oct-Nov 36/15 5-7 March-April
1700-2000
16 Soyia Oct-Nov 36//15 10-12 March -April
1000-1200
17 Kali Zeeri
Aug-Sept 50/25 7-8 Dec-Jan 400-500
18 Kao Oct-Nov 36/20-25
10 Feb-March 1000-1200
19 Meethray
Sept-Oct 36 12-15 March-April
1000-1200
20 Haloon Oct-Nov 36/15 7-8 March-April
700-800
21 Bakla Oct 40/15-20
25-30 March -April
2000-2300
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd
# Name Time of sowing
R/R and p/ Pin cm
Seed/hain kgs
Time of Harvesting
Yield per Hectare in Kgs
22 Saunf Nov 36/25 10-12 April
23 Saffroan
Sept -Oct 25/12 85000 corm/Ac
Flower Collected
2-3 Kg
Summer Medicinal
Plants
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season
# Name Time of sowing
Distance R/R and p/ Pin cm
Seed/Ha in kgs
Time of Harvesting
Yield per Hectare in Kgs
1 Adrak March-April
45 /29 1500 Dec-Jan 30000-35000
2 Gekhwar (Aloe vera )
March Pots or30/25
7-8 After 4 Years
12000-13000
3 Choongan(seed)
July Pots 400-500
----
4 Haldi March-April
45/20 2000-2500
Dec-Jan 25000-30000
5 Pudina Feb-March
30/20 450-500
15-20cm Stage
25000-30000
6 Saunf March -April
45/25 7-8 June-July 1300 ks seed
7 KilKil Feb-March
50 7-8 Oct-Nov 160-200
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd
# Name Time of sowing
Distance R/R and p/ Pin cm
Seed/ha in Kgs
Time of Harvesting
Yield per Hectare in Kgs
8 Babchi March-April
40-50 10-12 July -Dec 1000-1200
9 Lemon Grass
Feb-March 50 3-4 June -Aug 15000-20000
10 Koortuma
March-April
50 June -July 8000-1000
11 Kulfa March-June
25/15 4-5 April-Aug 3500-3600
12 Till July 45/15 3-5 Oct-Nov 2000
13 Castor(l) July-Aug 3 meter Nov 800
14 Castor (h)
July -Aug 3 m Nov 4500
Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd
# Name Time of sowing
DiDistance R/R and p/ Pin cm
Seed/ha in Kgs
Time of Harvesting
Yield per Hectare in Kgs
15 Stevia Feb-March
75/36 Nursery Before flowering
6000-7000
Medicinal shrubs
and trees
Medicinal Plants /Shrubs/treesLocal Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Amaltas
Amla Ajmood
Amli Anjeer Akhroot Amluk
Amrud
AAmm
Anar Alubukhara
Angoor Ananas
Ashok Aswagadha
Ber Bakain
Banana
Bhai Bankhor Badam Bael
Cherry
Chalghoza
Chiraiata
Dhak
Euclyptus
Falsa
Medicinal Plants /Shrubs/trees contdLocal Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Gogle Grapes
Grape fruit
Gul e Nashtar
Gumhar Guggal
Hazle nut
Imli
Jack fruit
Jaman Japani Phul
Khubani
Kuchnar
Khajoor Keekar Khair Kaliar Kangar
Lemon
Litchi Lasuara Lauhra
Mastick
Mahrukh
Medicinal Plants /Shrubs/trees contdLocal Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Local Name
Neem Narial Nashpati
O
Papita
Q
Ritha
Shuftalo
Samal Strawberry Sweet orange
Saib Seabuck thorn
Timrru Tea tree
Tun Tutt
Medicinal Plants /Shrubs/trees contdLocal Name
Local Name
Local Name Local Name Local Name
unab
v
willow Witch hazel
x
yarrow
Zaitoon
Tulsi
Aloe vera
Lemon Grass
Dhania
Methi
Haldi ( Turmeric)
Fennel
Oyster Mushroom
Jamun
Choongan