ADOLESCENT POPULATION

ANASTASIA MCCLOUD

RENE HODGES

RAVEN DARNELL

DEFINITION• Adolescents range from ages 10-19 and account for

approximately 21 percent of the population in the United States.

• Established behavioral patterns during this period of development help determine their current health status and risk for developing chronic diseases later in life.

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

• The main developmental task facing adolescents is to create a stable identity and become complete and productive adults.

http://public.health.oregon.gov/HealthyPeopleFamilies/Youth/AdolescentGrowthDevelopment/Documents/adoldevstages.pdf

COMMUNITIES

• An adolescent’s community consists of their parents, service providers, community members, and social institution workers.

• Such people in the adolescent’s life help to promote their development and help them learn to cope with pressures in their childhood and adulthood successfully.

• During this time the adolescent’s community is the key in helping the adolescent transition from childhood to adulthood.

• When problems arise, the adolescent’s community will need to intervene effectively.

ECONOMICS• Community Action Partnership of Western Nebraska (CAPWN)

•-Teen outreach program

•-Youth Shelter

•-Group home

•-Housing programs (Transitional Supportive Housing Program and Permanent Housing Program)

•-Youth Leadership Council and Project Everest

•Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) - formerly known as the Food Stamp Program

•Medicaid but a fee may be required

•Social Services for Families, Children, and Youth (SSCF)

•Transitional Living (Cirrus House)

•Monument Family Connections

INFORMATICS

• Online

• There are 93% of teens ages 12-17 are online

• Mobile Phone

• 75% of all teenagers have a mobile phone

• “Patient Centered applications”

• Social media

• Gaming

• Internet voice calls

• Home Telehealth

• Text messaging

SAFETY

Adolescents are generally healthy, however several important health and social problems begin to peak during these years. Examples include:

•Homicide

•Suicide

•Motor vehicle crashes

•Substance use and abuse

•Smoking

•Sexually transmitted infections

•Teen pregnancies

•Homelessness

SYSTEMS

• Many adolescents encounter serious health problems due to risky behavior and poor health habits. Most adolescents do not seek advice about prevention which leads to increase in morbidity and mortality rates in their age group.

• Schools can create safe and supportive environments through policies and procedures that ensure safe physical environments. These approaches can help students adopt lifelong attitudes and behaviors that support overall health and well-being.

• Nurses work in schools and can help assist with policies through health and developmental screening and education prevention.

• Nurses also work in community services such as family planning which help educate and provide resources to keep teens safe and healthy.

PREVENTION• Beliefs that affect Preventative Care

• Cultural and religious beliefs can affect preventative care such as other population.

• Peer pressure can influence adolescents to take risks without taking preventative measures.

• “Personal fable” is the belief that nothing bad will happen to oneself which leads to increased risk taking.

• Early Detection Services

• Family planning offers cervical screenings for women and STI screenings

• Family Practice physicians offer general health screenings

• School screenings offer vision, dental, and hearing screenings

• Rehab Services

• Adolescent substance abuse programs

• Juvenile detention center

LEADERSHIP

VALUES

• Most adolescents don’t seek out their own value system, but instead base their values off of their communities’ and family’s values

• Although the adolescent may not make their own values, they will experiment with and question the values that they have grown up with

• Way to exert independence and individuality

• Remember that the adolescent still lacks the mental and emotional maturity to make wise decisions constantly so educate the adolescent and family

EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

• It is estimated that 70% of adolescents have a preventative health visit every 4 years, therefore primary care physicians are well suited to discuss risks and offer interventions.

• Evidence supports routinely screening for obesity, depression, offering testing for HIV and screening for other sexually transmitted infections in some adolescents.

http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1215/p1109.html

HOW ARE ADOLESCENTS VULNERABLE?

• Unintentional Behaviors

• Intentional Behaviors

•-Tobacco Use

•-Alcohol Use

•-Drug Use

•-Sexual Behaviors

•-Teenage Pregnancy

•-Anoxeria

•-Bulemia

•-Inactivity (Obesity)

•Suicide

•Dependent on parents

•No Money

• Diabilities

•-Mental health

•-Down Syndrome

•-Handicapped

HOW ARE DISABLED ADOLESCENTS TREATED?

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Mitchell offers BasketballScottsbluff YMCA offers Gymnastics Ogalla offers bowling

WNCC offers assistance -Auxiliary Aids and Services (Notetakers, Scribes, Electronic textbooks, Readers, Interpreters, alternate media)-Modifications (Extended test time, Distraction-free environments, Formats, Delivery methods)-Assistive Technology (Electronic devices, Physical modifications of an environment)

Disability Rights NebraskaDisability Rights Nebraska is a private not-for-profit organization established to assist people with disabilities and their families in protecting and advocating for their rights. Disability Rights Nebraska is the protection and advocacy system in Nebraska, serves people throughout the State. It operates federally funded protection and advocacy (P&A) programs and is part of a nationwide network of congressionally created disability rights organizations. Disability Rights Nebraska takes a four-tier approach to advocacy through legal advocacy, public policy, self-advocacy and citizen advocacy.

• Buckboard Therapeutic Riding Academy offers therapeutic equine-assisted activities and pleasure horseback riding to disabled children. The horseback riding helps people of all disabilities, including autism, cerebral palsy, mental retardation, down syndrome and emotional disturbance, in improving and developing balance, coordination, self-esteem, self-awareness, muscle tone and strength, and attention span. It combines instruction in tradition horsemanship skills with concepts of physical therapy to improve the strength, balance and self-esteem of physically and mentally disabled children.

The horse’s walk provides sensory input through movement, which is variable, rhythmic and repetitive. The resultant movement responses in the patient are similar to human movement patterns of the pelvis while walking. The variability of the horse’s gait enables the therapist to grade the degree of sensory input to the patient, and then use this movement in combination with other treatment strategies to achieve desired results. Patients respond enthusiastically to this enjoyable experience in a natural setting.

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SUMMER PROGRAM FOR HANDICAPPED CHILDREN (CAMP SCOTT)The Summer Program for Handicapped Children, also known as Camp Scott, provides a social and recreational program for developmentally disabled children and adolescents, ages 7-21. The program is the only one of its kind in the Panhandle and enables approximately 40 youngsters to have a fun and stimulating summer experience. The Camp consists of one 5-week session running Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. beginning the first part of June and running through the second week in July (tentative). Camp is held at the Valley View Activity Center, at the Seventh Day Adventist Church on 31st in Scottsbluff. Activities include arts/crafts, life skills, music, water activities, therapeutic horseback riding, large/small motor activities, field trips, volunteer guest presentations, a family picnic, an overnight experience for older campers and a 4-H picnic and horse show. Transportation and lunch are provided. Scholarships are available. A Board of Directors oversees the Camp and hires a highly qualified staff recruited from our local communities. Camp Scott has benefited from being a United Way agency for many years. Call 308-436-7304 for additional information.

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WHAT STIGMA’S DO YOU PERCEIVE ABOUT ADOLESCENTS?

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• Lazy

• Don’t work hard

• Not as smart

• Bad drivers

• Disrespectful

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MAIN ROLE OF NURSE• Be patient

• Build trust with the adolescent

• Try to find common ground

• Educate on the changes happening to the body

• Watch for any signs of abuse

• Evaluate the adolescent’s lifestyle choices

• Sex

• Drugs

• Alcohol

• Puberty changes

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rsj6dW6qKRc

WHAT IS THE MAIN NURSING CONCERN/PRIORITY WITH ADOLESCENTS?

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Advocate and Educate

COMMUNITY RESOURCES

• Community Action Partnership (CAPWN) Services Offer:

• Preventative Health

• HIV Counseling and Testing

• Dental

• Mental Health

• Substance Abuse

• Family Planning/Reproductive Health

• Homeless Prevention

• DOVES Services Offer:

• Dating Violence

• Sexual Assault

• Stalking

• Support Groups

• Community Awareness and Education

NCLEX #1

An important consideration for the school nurse planning a class on injury prevention for adolescents is that:a) Poor nutrition habits causes fragile bones which break more easily

b) Adolescents are risk takers because of their feelings of indestructibility

c) Adolescents learn from risk taking behaviors

d) Peer-pressure does not influence risk taking behaviors

NCLEX #1

An important consideration for the school nurse planning a class on injury prevention for adolescents is that:a) Poor nutrition habits causes fragile bones which break more easily b) Adolescents are risk takers because of their feelings of indestructibility

c) Adolescents learn from risk taking behaviors

d) Peer-pressure does not influence risk taking behaviors

NCLEX #2

• Accompanied by her father, a primiparous 15-year-old client arrives for her first prenatal visit at 30 weeks gestation. Her father refuses to leave the room, stating that the girl is shy and he will answer the questions for her. Which aspect of this situation should be of most concern to the nurse?

• 1. Lack of prenatal care until this visit

• 2.Possible child abuse or domestic violence

• 3.The possibility of preterm labor with an adolescent pregnancy

• 4.Difficulties of an overprotective parent in dealing with his daughter

NCLEX #2

• Accompanied by her father, a primiparous 15-year-old client arrives for her first prenatal visit at 30 weeks gestation. Her father refuses to leave the room, stating that the girl is shy and he will answer the questions for her. Which aspect of this situation should be of most concern to the nurse?

• 1. Lack of prenatal care until this visit

• 2.Possible child abuse or domestic violence

• 3.The possibility of preterm labor with an adolescent pregnancy

• 4.Difficulties of an overprotective parent in dealing with his daughter

NCLEX #3

Q) You’re working in the pediatric clinic and one of your regular patients is coming in this afternoon. When the adolescent and parents arrive the parents seemed very stressed and on edge. When you address the family about what is going on, the parents come unglued. They state “Billy, is not the same child we raised. He used to follow all of the rules and agreed with our beliefs and values, but now wants nothing to do with us or be associated with us. What can we do?” What is your response?

A.“You should probably go speak with the local police, because that is where your child is headed. “

B.“Your parenting has been lacking lately so you two need to toughen up.”

C.“None of this is normal, you need to go get a psychiatric evaluation right now!”

D.“Your child is trying to express his independence and individuality, by experimenting with what he knows. You should try to openly communicate with your child about his ideas and try to have an open mind and keep calm while you are speaking with him.

NCLEX #3

Q) You’re working in the pediatric clinic and one of your regular patients is coming in this afternoon. When the adolescent and parents arrive the parents seemed very stressed and on edge. When you address the family about what is going on, the parents come unglued. They state “Billy, is not the same child we raised. He used to follow all of the rules and agreed with our beliefs and values, but now wants nothing to do with us or be associated with us. What can we do?” What is your response?

A.“You should probably go speak with the local police, because that is where your child is headed. “

B.“Your parenting has been lacking lately so you two need to toughen up.”

C.“None of this is normal, you need to go get a psychiatric evaluation right now!”

D.“Your child is trying to express his independence and individuality, by experimenting with what he knows. You should try to openly communicate with your child about his ideas and try to have an open mind and keep calm while you are speaking with him.

ACTIVITY TIME!

SPIN THE BOTTLE WITH A TWIST OF WITS

1. Adolescents account for ___ of the population in the United states

2. The adolescent’s community is the _____ in helping the adolescent transition from childhood to adulthood

3. There are ____ of teens ages 12-17 are online

4. Roughly 1 in ___ teens get pregnant by age 20

5. One of the stigmas for adolescents

6. One role of the nurse

7. Disability Rights Nebraska takes an approach to __ through legal __, public policy, self-______, and citizen ______.

8. How many children are accepted to the summer program for handicapped children?

9. What is a belief that nothing bad will happen to oneself

10.Adolescents are lacking mental and emotional ___ to make wide decisions constantly

REFERENCES• http://public.health.oregon.gov/HealthyPeopleFamilies/Youth/AdolescentGrowthDevelopment/Docum

ents/adoldevstages.pdf

• http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Adolescent-Health

• http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/preventing-drug-abuse-among-children-adolescents-in-brief/prevention-principles

• http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1215/p1109.html

• http://ojni.org/issues/?p=1199

• http://www.courierpress.com/columnists/the-importance-of-early-youth-leadership-development-ep-443142483-325741941.html

• https://www.mentalhelp.net/articles/self-identity-and-values/