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ANAESTHESIA MACHINE AND EQUIPMENT
Q & A SESSION
Dr.R.SelvakumarProfessor Of AnaesthesiologyK.A.P.Viswanatham Govt medical college,TrichirapalliTamilnadu - India
PART -I
1.NAME ANY TWO GASES THAT ARE MARKETED IN LIQUID FORM IN THE CYLINDERS TO THE O.T?
1.NITROUS OXIDE2.CO23.CYCLOPROPANE
Q-1
Q-2
2. MENTION ANY 4 TESTS PERFORMED ON THE FINISHED CYLINDERS:
1. TENSILE TEST2. FLATTENING TEST3. IMPACT TEST4. BEND TEST5. HYDRAULIC TEST
Q-3
3. WHAT IS THE COLOUR CODING OF MEDICAL AIR CYLINDER?
Ans. BLACK BODY , BLACK AND WHITE SHOULDER
Q-4
4. WHAT IS THE PIN INDEX OF OXYGEN CYLINDER?
Ans: 2,5
Q-5
5. WHAT IS THE SERVICE PRESSURE OF SMALL AND BULK OXYGEN CYLINDERS?
Ans: SAME … 1987 PSI / 137 bar
Q-6
6.WHICH GAS HAS BEEN ALLOTTED TO THE PIN INDEXOF 3,4?
Ans: NONE
Q-7
7. WHAT IS THE SERVICE PRESSURE OF N2O CYLINDER WHEN IT IS HALF FULL?
Ans: 750 PSI / 51 bar
Q-8
8. WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A CYLINDER?
• BODY• VALVE• PORT• STEM• NECK• SHOULDER• PRESSURE RELIEF
DEVICE
Q-9
9. WHAT IS THE MATERIAL USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDERS?
Ans: MOLYBDENUM STEEL
Q-10
10. WHICH MATERIAL IS USED TO CONSTRUCT THE CYLINDER OUTLET VALVES?
Ans: BRONZE / BRASS WITH NICKEL / CHROMIUM COATING
Q-11
11.WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CYLINDER VALVES?
1. FLUSH TYPE2. BULL NOSE
FLUSH TYPE VALVEBULL NOSE TYPE
Q-12
12.WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CYLINDER VALVE AS PER THE INTERIOR DESIGN?
1. PACKED TYPE2. DIAPHRAGM TYPE
PACKED TYPE DIAPHRAGM TYPE
Q-13
13. WHERE IS WOODS METAL USED?
IT IS A FUSIBLE PLUG USED IN THE CYLINDERVALVE WHICH MELTS AT HIGH TEMPERATURETHEREBY PREVENTING EXPLOSION.
FUSIBLE PLUG
Q-14
14. WHAT IS BODOK SEAL ?
IT IS A NEOPRENE WASHER WITH ALUMINIUMEDGES WHICH IS USED TO PREVENT THE LEAKBETWEEN THE CYLINDER AND YOKE ASSEMBLY
Q-15
15. WHAT IS THE COLOUR CODING OF ENTONOX CYLINDER?
BLUE BODYWHITE AND BLUE QUARTER ON THE SHOULDER
ENTONOX CYLINDER
Q-16
16. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY CRACKING THE CYLINDER ?
THE CYLINDER VALVE IS OPENED TO ATMOSPHEREBEFORE IT IS BEING FITTED TO THE YOKE TO CLEAR OFF THE DUST.
Q-17
17. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY FILLING RATIO?
RATIO OF THE WEIGHT OF THE LIQUEFIABLE GAS INTRODUCED IN THE CYLINDER TO THE WEIGHT OF THE WATER THE CYLINDER WILL HOLD.
Q-18
18. WHAT IS THE FILLING RATIO OF OXYGEN?
FILLING RATIO IS ONLY FOR THE LIQUEFIABLE GASES
Q-19
19. WHAT IS THE DRIVING PRESSURE OF ANAESTHESIA VENTILATOR?
55 -60 PSI
Q-20
20. AT WHICH TEMPERATURE, LIQUID OXYGEN SHOULD BE STORED?
BELOW - 184 c
Q.21
21.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “ZEOLITE”?
HYDRATED ALUMINIUM SILICATE OF THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS. IT SELECTIVELYABSORBS NITROGEN,LEAVING O2 . ITS BEING USED IN OXYGEN CONCENTRATOR.
Q.22
22. WHAT IS THE SPECIFIC NAME OF THE QUICK COUPLERS?
SHRADDER VALVE AND PROBE
Q.23
23. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY DISS ?
DIAMETER – INDEXED SAFETY SYSTEM : NON-INTERCHANGABLE,THREADED CONNECTION FOR MEDICALGAS PIPELINES.
Q.24
24. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY LINK – 25 SYSTEM ?
OXYGEN PROPORTION LIMITING CONTROL DEVICE.IT ENSURES A MINIMUM % OF O2 TO BE DELIVERED AT 25% .
Q.25
25. WHAT IS THE DISADVANTAGE OF LINK – 25 SYSTEM ?
• MECHANICAL DEVICE – SO WEAR & TEAR AFFECTS THE GEAR SYSTEM.• IF A 3RD GAS LIKE AIR IS GIVEN, THIS SYSTEM DOESN’T HAVE A CONTROL.
Q.26
26.WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SLAVE REGULATOR ?
THE OUTLET PRESSURE OF O2 PRESSURE REGULATOR CONTROLS THE OUTPUT FROM THE N2O REGULATOR. SINCE THE N2O REGULATORACTS AS A SLAVE TO THE PRIME O2 REGULATOR,IT IS CALLED THE SLAVE REGULATOR.
Q.27
27. WHAT IS THE OUTLET PRESSURE FROM THE PRESSURE REGULATOR ?
50 PSI
Q.28
28. WHAT IS THE PIPE LINE PRESSURE ? WHY IS IT KEPT SLIGHTLY HIGHER THAN THE CYLINDER OUTLET PRESSURE ?
60 PSI - TO MAKE IT TO BE USED PREFERENTIALLY OVER CYLINDERS.
Q.29
29. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PUMPING EFFECT ?
THE EXCESSIVE BACK PRESSURE CONDUCTED FROM SQUEEZING THE BAG CAUSES THE VAPORISEROUTPUT TO BECOME MORE THAN THE SET DIAL CONCENTRATION.
Q.3030. IF THE OXYGEN FLOW METER SHOWSA 200 ml FLOW EVEN AFTER CLOSUREOF THE FLOW CONTROL VALVE.. WHATCOULD BE THE REASON?
MINIMUM MANDATORY FLOW
Q.31
31. WHAT IS THE OPENING PRESSURE OF SAFETY RELIEF VALVE SITUATED JUST PRIOR TO COMMON GAS OUTLET?
200 CM OF H2O
Q.32
32. WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF SCAVANGING SYSTEM ?
• ACTIVE• PASSIVE
Q.33
33. WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL PRINCIPLE OF PRESSURE REGULATOR?
A LARGE FORCE ACTING ON A SMALL AREA ISBALANCED BY SMALL FORCE ACTING ON A LARGE AREA.
Q.34
34. IN FLOW METERS, THE FLOW OF THE GAS AT LOW FLOW DEPENDS UPON WHICH FACTOR ?
VISCOSITY
Q.35
35. WHICH LAW GOVERNS THE FLOW RATE THROUGH THE FLOW METER USING THE LAMINAR FLOW ?
HAGEN – POISEUITTE LAW
Q.36
36. GIVE FOUR EXAMPLES OF VARIABLE ORIFICE FLOW METERS
• ROTAMETER• COXETER BOBBIN METER• HEIDBRINK METER• CONNEL METER
Q.37
37. GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF FIXED ORIFICE FLOW METER
BOURDON PRESSURE GAUGE METER
Q.38
38. WHAT IS THE SPECIALITY OF O2 FLOW CONTROL KNOB IN THE FLOW METER ASSEMBLY ?
OXYGEN IS LARGE, FLUTED, PROJECTILE KNOB, WHITE IN COLOR
Q.39
39. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE FLOW METER IN USE IN OUR BOYLES MACHINE ?
ROTAMETER
Q.40
40. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE TUBE BEING USED IN ROTAMETER ? WHAT IS ITS SPECIALITY ?
THORPES TUBE – IT IS CONICAL IN SHAPE, TAPERED VERTICALLY WITH THE SMALLEST DIAMETER AT THE BOTTOM.
Q.41
41. WHICH FACTOR DECIDES THE FLOW IN THE ROTAMETER WITH BALL TYPE FLOAT ?
DENSITY
Q.42
42. WHAT ARE THE SAFETY FEATURES IN THE FLOW METER BANK ?
• O2 IN THE DOWN STREAM• COLOR AND TOUCH CODED FLOW CONTROL KNOBS• TRANSILLUMINANT BACK SCREEN• ROTATING BOBBIN• STOPS AT THE END OF THORPES TUBE• ORM C• LINK 25• MINIMUM MANDATORY OXYGEN FLOW
Q.43
43. WHAT IS THE S.V.P OF DESFLURANE AT 20◦ C ?
664 MM OF HG
Q.44
44. WHICH METAL IS USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF VAPORISER?
COPPER
Q.45
45. WHY COPPER IS SELECTED ?
• REASONABLE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY• HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY• MALLEABLE
Q.46
46. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY PLENUM VAPORISER ?
VAPORISER WITH BAFFLES WHICH REQUIRESPRESSURISED FRESH GAS FLOW .HIGH RESISTANCE VAPORISERS.
Q.47
47. GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR A MEASURED FLOW VAPORISER
COPPER KETTLE, DRAGER DIVA
Q.48
48. GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF BUBBLE THROUGH VAPORISER
COPPER KETTLE AND VERNITROL
Q.49
49. WHAT IS THE MAIN DRAWBACK OF VIC VAPORISER?
THE DELIVERED CONCENTRATION OF THE VAPORISER MAY BE MORE THAN THE SET CONCENTRATION.
Q.50
50. IN WHICH FLOW RATE, PUMPING EFFECT IS PREDOMINANT ?
LOW FRESH GAS FLOWS
Q.51
51. HOW WILL YOU MINIMISE THE PUMPING EFFECT ?
1. INCREASING THE SIZE OF BYEPASS CHAMBER2. INCREASING THE LENGTH OF INLET TUBE INTO THE VAPORISER3. AVOIDING WICKS NEAR INLET TUBE
Q.52
52. WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF DECREASING ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ON THE TEC SERIES VAPORISERS ?
THE VAPORISER OUTPUT WILL INCREASE AS THEOUTPUT IS CALCULATED IN VOLUME % BASED ON THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. BUT THE PARTIAL PRESSUREREMAINS THE SAME.
Q.53
53. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY ANA CONDA ?
• ANAESTHETIC CONSERVING DEVICE• A HEAT AND MOISTURE EXCHANGER LIKE DEVICE WHERE LIQUID ANAESTHETIC IS DELIVERED BY A SYRINGE PUMP.
Q.54
54. WHAT IS THE COMMON NAME FOR TRIMETHYLENE ?
CYCLOPROPANE
Q.55
55. WHAT IS THE COLOR CODING OF CYCLOPROPANE CYLINDER ?
ORANGE
Q.56
56. WHAT IS A “BELLAMY GARDENER BOTTLE” ?
ETHER DROPPER USED FOR SCHIMMELBUSCH MASH
Q.57
57. EXPAND THE E.M.O VAPORISER ?
EPSTEIN – MCINTOSH – OXFORD VAPORISER
Q.58
58. WHAT IS THE MATERIAL USED IN EMO VAPORISER FOR THERMO BUFFERING ?
WATER BATH
Q.59
59. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE PLUNGER IN BOYLES ETHER VAPORISER ?
TO INCREASE THE OUTPUT CONCENTRATION, THE PLUNGER HAS TO BE DEPRESSED
Q.60
60. FGF ENTERS NEAR THE PATIENT END IN MAPLESON C.
TRUE OR FALSE ?
TRUE
Q.6161. FGF RUNS THROUGH THE OUTER TUBE AND EXPIRATION FLOWS THROUGH THE INNER TUBE.
TRUE OR FALSE ?
TRUE
Q.62
62. WHAT IS FLOW RATE IN LOW FLOW ANAESTHESIA?
FGF 500 – 1000 ml/min ( up to 2 l/min )
Q.63
63. WHAT IS THE CONCERN OF USING SEROFLURENE IN LOW FLOW ANAESTHESIA ?
ACCUMULATION OF COMPOUND-A & METHANOL IN THE CLOSED CIRCUIT.
Q.64
64. WHICH FACE MASK IS RECOMMENDED FOR PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS ?
RENDELL-BAKER-SOUCEK MASKBECAUSE OF ITS LOW DEAD SPACE
Q.65
65. WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF A LARYNGOSCOPE ?
HANDLE, BATTERY, HINGE, WEB, BASE, FLANGE, HEEL, SPATULA,BULB, TIP OR BEAK
Q.66
66. NAME ANY 2 STRAIGHT BLADED LARYNGOSCOPE
• MILLER• WISCONSIN• FLAGG
Q.6767. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF MURPHY’S EYE IN ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE ?
IT ACTS AS AN ALTERNATE CHANNEL ,IF BEVEL IS BLOCKED.
Q.68
68. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “CE” MARKING ON THE ETT ?
CONFORMITE EUROPEENE
Q.69
69. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY Z79 – IT ?
IMPLANTATION TESTED AS SUGGESTED BY Z79 TOXICITY SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUE SET UP IN 1968.
Q.70
70. HOW IS THE FRENCH SIZE OF AN ETT IS CALCULATED?
EXTERNAL DIAMETER IN m.m X 3 WILL GIVE YOU THE FRENCH SIZING.
Q.71
71. WHAT IS THE FORMULA USED TO CALCULATE THE SIZE OF ETT IN CHILDREN ?
AGE BELOW 6yrs – AGE IN ( YEARS/3 ) + 3.5ABOVE 6yrs – AGE IN ( YEARS/4 ) + 4.5
THANK YOU
dr.r.selvakumar
Continued in part –II presentation
