Article writing ksr

Dr. K. Shiva Rama Prasad, at http://www.technoayurveda.com/

Lecture delivered at MGACH&RC, Wardha

Article Writing


“A theory is something nobody believes, except the person who made it.

An experiment is something everybody believes, except the person who made it”

Albert Einstein

Few questions to everybody –who wish to reach “Success”

• How frequently we read the research Article?

• How much we react for the content of a published article?

• How much participation is made in the field of research – either literary or experimental?

Article Writing


• It is the right TIME to break the silence in Ayurveda

• Let us be loud to spread the message – we Ayurveda Save the Mankind– We can do it!

Article Writing


What is an article?• An article

– Non-fictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

– is a piece of writing usually intended for publication in magazine or journal

– is written for a wide audience, so it is essential to attract and retain the readers’attention

– should give opinions and thoughts, as well as facts

Article Writing


What is required?

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“There is no way to get experience except through experience.”

• What to publish?– abstract vs. full report

• Choosing your forum – Which type of journal is best

for you?– What audience are you

targeting?• Research the journal

– Publication guidelines– Article style

What is expected?

• Originality– What’s new?

• Content– Is there enough?

• Simplicity– Can it be clearer, shorter?

Article Writing


Check list

before starting Article

1. Time to write the paper?- whether a significant advancement been made?- is the hypothesis straight forward?- did the experiments test the hypothesis?- are the controls appropriate and sufficient? - can you describe the study and offer the key message

2. Tables and figures - must be clear and concise & should be self-explanatory

3. References - offers better insight into possible reviewers

4. Choose journal- study “instructions to authors”- think about possible reviewers- quality of journal “impact factor”

5. Prepare Title and Abstract6. Choose authors carefully & Start Writing

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Authorship

Guidelines on authorship, International committee of Medical Journal Editors, Reprinted by kind permission of the Editor of the British Medical Journal of Sept 14, 1985. J Clin Pathol 39: 110, 1986

Article Writing


Article Writing


Types of Articles

ResearchNotes

Review Articles

Miniature Articles

SupplementalArticles

Letters

Research Papers

Types of JournalArticles

4 Tips -1. Get Your Facts Right2. Keep It Simple And

Concise3. Break Down Medical

Terminology4. Structure The Article well

Article Writing


4 tips and 8 steps

8 steps -1. Choose a Topic2. Develop a Title3. Create an Outline4. Write an Introduction5. Convert Your Outline to the

Article Body6. Write the Conclusion and

Resource Box7. Review Your Article8. Submit Your Article

Article Writing


Process of article Article Writing


Article Writing


General IMRAD scheme

Introduction, Methods, Results Analysis Discussion

IMRADrecommended by the International

Committee of Medical Journal Editors(ICMJE) 1978

• Abstract of Manuscript (200-300 Words)• Problem investigated• Purpose of Research• Methods• Results • Conclusion

• Common Mistakes– Too much background or methods information– Figures or images– References to other literature, figures or images– Abbreviations or acronyms

Article Writing


Abstract

Introduction• Broad information on topic

– Previous research• Narrower background information

– Need for study• Focus of paper

– Hypothesis• Summary of problem (selling point)

– Overall 300-500 words• Common Mistakes

– Too much or not enough information– Unclear purpose– Lists – Confusing structure– First-Person anecdotes

Article Writing


Methods and Materials• Provides instruction on exactly how to repeat experiment

– Subjects– Sample preparation techniques– Sample origins– Field site description– Data collection protocol– Data analysis techniques– Any computer programs used– Description of equipment and its use

• Common Mistakes– Too little information– Information from Introduction– Verbosity– Results/ sources of error reported

Article Writing


Results • Objective presentation of experiment results

– Summary of data• NOT a Discussion!• Common mistakes

– Raw data– Redundancy– Discussion and interpretation of data– No figures or tables – Methods/materials reported

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Discussion • Interpret results

– Did the study confirm/deny the hypothesis?– If not, did the results provide an alternative hypothesis? What

interpretation can be made?– Do results agree with other research? Sources of error/anomalous

data?– Implications of study for field– Suggestions for improvement and future research?

• Relate to previous research• Common Mistakes

– Combined with Results– New results discussed – Broad statements– Incorrectly discussing inconclusive results– Ambiguous data sources– Missing information

Article Writing


Figures and tables • Tables

– Presents lists of numbers/ text in columns• Figures

– Visual representation of results or illustration of concepts/methods (graphs, images, diagrams, etc.)

• Captions– Must be stand-alone

• Guidelines for Figures and Tables– High resolution– Neat, legible labels– Simple– Clearly formatted– Indicate error– Detailed captions

Article Writing


References • Check specific referencing style of journal• Should reference:

– Peer-reviewed journal articles, abstracts, books• Should not reference:

– Non-peer-reviewed works, textbooks, personal communications

• Common Mistakes– Format, Format, Format

• (Figures & Tables, Equations, and References)– Redundant Information

• Text, Figures, Tables, and Captions– Type of Reference

Article Writing


When completed . . .

• Submit the article either by post or electronic or email

Article Writing


• People who have talent but not time or vocabulary may start with the article review – in the form of letters to the editor.

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Resources

• Ganesh, Four Medical Writing Tips For Writing Engaging Content, www.wordplaycontent.com/blog/medical-writing/medical-writing-tips-for-engaging-content/1190

• 8 Steps to Writing and Submitting Your First Article, blog.ezinearticles.com/2010/10/writing-your-first-article.html

• Fereshteh Lagzi, Motahareh Moghtadaei, Nafiseh ErfanianSaeedi, Sara Ranjbar

• Dr. S. Umesha, Publication of Research Article, Biotechnology Dept. University of Mysore

• Day, RA. “How to write and publish a scientific paper,” 5th edition, Oryx Press, 1998.

• Fischer BA, Zigmond MJ. “Components of a research article.”[email protected]

• Marshal GS. “Writing a peer reviewed article.”• http://dor.umc.edu/ARCHIVES/GMarshallPublishingarticle.ppt

• Hall, JE. “Writing research papers (and getting them published)”http://dor.umc.edu/ARCHIVES/GMarshallPublishingarticle.ppt

• Benos, D., Reich, M. “Peer review and publication in APS journals.”

• http://www.the-aps.org/careers/careers1/EBSymposia/Benos2003.ppt

Article Writing


Health & Medicine

Article writing ksr