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Based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth
eHealth country profilesATLAS
2010
Global Observatory for eHealth series - Volume 1
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Atlas eHealth country profiles: based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth.
(Global Observatory for eHealth Series, 1)
1.Medical informatics. 2.Information technology. 3.Technology transfer. 4.Data collection. 5.Health
policy. I.WHO Global Observatory for eHealth.
ISBN 978 92 4 156416 8 (NLM classification: W 26.5)
ISSN 2220-5462
© World Health Organization 2011
All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO
Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41
22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to
reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution
– should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail:
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not
imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization
concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or
concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent
approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that
they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others
of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of
proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.
All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify
the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being
distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the
interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health
Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.
Based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth
eHealth country profilesATLAS
Global Observatory for eHealth series - Volume 120
10
AcknowledgmentsThis publication is part of a series of reports based on the second Global Observatory on
eHealth (GOe) Survey. The preparation of this report would not have been possible without
the input of hundreds of eHealth experts and the support of the numerous colleagues at
the World Health Organization headquarters, regional and country offices.
Our sincere gratitude goes to over 800 eHealth experts in 114 countries worldwide who
helped shape this report by sharing their knowledge through completing the survey. We
are also indebted to an extensive network of eHealth professionals and WHO staff who
assisted with the design and implementation of the survey. Names of contributors can be
found at http://www.who.int/goe
Special thanks to the many authors and reviewers who contributed their time and ideas
to this publication especially Titilola Falasinnu (Lola) who developed the template and
compiled the secondary data for each participating Member State. The document was
reviewed by colleagues Gael Kernen, Joan Dzenowagis and Ahmad Hosseinpoor.
Special appreciation to:
Messagio Studios and Jillian Reichenbach Ott for their design and layout, and Kai Lashley
for technical editing.
The global survey and this report were prepared by the WHO Global Observatory for eHealth:
Misha Kay, Jonathan Santos, and Marina Takane.
Table of contents
i
Background . . . . . . . ii
Methodological considerations . . . iii
Quality assurance . . . . . . iii
Terminology and interpretation . . . vi
Presentation of primary data . . . viii
Presentation of secondary data . . . ix
Country profiles . . . . . . 1
Background
This publication presents data on the 114 WHO Member States that participated in
the 2009 global survey on eHealth. Intended as a reference to the state of eHealth
development in Member States, the publication highlights selected indicators in the form
of country profiles.
The objectives of the country profiles are to:
describe the current status of the use of ICT for health in Member States; and
provide information concerning the progress of eHealth applications in these countries.
Due to layout restrictions, additional information provided by Member States could not be
included in these profiles. The country survey tools may be downloaded from the following
web site: http://www.who.int/goe. All country profiles can be accessed at the same URL as
well as the full country data sets.
1A guide to the eHealth country profiles
ii
Methodological considerations
A total of 114 countries (59% of WHO Member States, representing 81% of the world’s
population) completed at least one section of the survey (Figure 1). The survey responses
were based on self-reporting by a selected group of eHealth expert informants for
each participating country. Although national survey administrators were given detailed
instructions to maintain consistency, there was significant variation across participating
Member States in the quality and level of detail in the responses, particularly to
descriptive, open-ended questions. While survey responses were checked for consistency
and accuracy, it was not possible to verify all responses to every question.
The scope of the survey was broad; survey questions covered diverse areas of eHealth,
from policy issues and legal frameworks to specific types of eHealth initiatives being
conducted. While every effort was made to select the best national experts to complete
the instrument, it was not possible to determine whether they had the collective eHealth
knowledge to answer each question. Further, there is no guarantee that national experts
used the detailed instructions included with the survey when responding.
Quality assurance
Country profiles are intended to provide a ‘snapshot’ of the status of eHealth in WHO
Member States according to selected criteria. The Global Observatory for eHealth (GOe)
implemented a range of measures to assure their quality. The questionnaires received
from participating countries were reviewed for completeness. External sources of
information were used for validation of the data and to resolve inconsistencies. Data
were reviewed before entry and after layout for publication.
iii
Reponding Member State
Data not available
Not applicable
Figure 1: Countries completing part or all of the global eHealth survey
iv
v
Terminology and interpretation
The following terms and definitions were used in the survey and therefore apply to the
country profiles. The terms are listed in the order they appear in the country profiles.
National eGovernment policy: the vision and objectives for the use of information
and communication technologies (ICT) to exchange information, provide services,
and communicate with citizens, businesses, and other sectors.
National eHealth policy: the vision and objectives to promote the use of ICT
specifically for the health sector.
National ICT procurement policy: the principles for the acquisition of software,
hardware, and content for the health sector.
National multiculturalism policy: the vision and objectives to promote and respect
linguistic diversity, cultural identity, traditions, and religions within cultures.
Personal identifiable data: information which can specifically identify an individual.
This can include, but is not limited to, names, date of birth, addresses, telephone
numbers, occupations, photographs, fingerprints – regardless of the format or
medium in which it is held.
Health-related data: information recorded about an individual including their
illnesses and prescribed treatments. It generally includes details of prescribed
medication, and any medical or surgical procedures undertaken as well as
treatments received from other health-care providers.
eHealth: the use of ICT for health
Electronic Medical Records / Electronic Health Records (EMR/EHR): a real-time
longitudinal electronic record of an individual patient’s health information that
can assist health professionals with decision-making and treatment. Terms used
interchangeably in this survey.
Internet pharmacies: Internet sites selling pharmaceuticals and related products.
Funding: eHealth funding can come from a number of sources. Public funding
is support through financial resources provided by government be it national,
regional, or district level. Private funding is support through financial or in-kind
resources provided by the private or commercial sector. Donor/non-public funding
is support through financial or in-kind resources provided by development
agencies, banks, foundations or other non-public funding bodies. These can be
international, regional, or national bodies. Public-private partnerships are joint
ventures between public organizations and private sector companies to work
together to achieve a common goal.
vi
Capacity building: the development of the health work force through training. ICT
skills and knowledge are key elements in developing an information society. They
contribute to building capacity through their inclusion in education and training.
ICT continuing education: courses or programmes for health professionals (not
necessarily for formal accreditation) that bring participants up-to-date with ICT
knowledge or skills for health settings.
Telemedicine (or telehealth): involves the delivery of health services using ICT,
specifically where distance is a barrier to health care. It falls under the rubric of
eHealth.
mHealth (or mobile health): a term for medical and public health practice
supported by mobile devices, such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices,
personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other wireless devices.
eLearning: the use of ICT for learning. It can be used to improve the quality of
education, to increase accessibility to education (for those geographically isolated
or those who have access to inadequate learning facilities), and to make new
and innovative forms of education available to more people.
vii
Presentation of primary data
Below is a sample of a typical table found in the country profiles. Descriptions follow,
which correspond to the boxed numbers.
Country response is the country’s answer to “Yes/No/Do not know” questions in the survey. It could also refer to the country’s selection of the options presented in closed-ended questions. The country has instituted legislation to ensure privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of whether it is in analogue or digital format. The global response is the percentage of participating Member States responding “Yes” to questions. Alternatively, it also indicates the percentage of countries selecting an option presented in closed-ended questions. Seventy per cent of participating Member States responded that they have instituted legislation to ensure privacy of personally identifiable data of individuals irrespective of whether it is in analogue or digital format.
The country has no legislation that either allows or prohibits Internet pharmacy purchases from other countries. Globally, 6% of responding countries indicated that they have legislation that allows Internet pharmacy purchases from other countries. Twelve per cent have legislation that prohibits Internet pharmacy purchases from other countries.
The options in this section are listed in the order of global importance. Based on the aggregated responses from all participating Member States, voluntary compliance was the most cited answer (55%), while official approval through certification, accreditation, or quality seals was the least cited.
The country does not utilize official approval through certification, accreditation, or quality seals as a quality assurance approach to health-related Internet content. In contrast, 16% of responding countries indicated that they have adopted official approval through certification, accreditation, or quality seals as an approach to health-related Internet content.
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 30Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7No
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 55No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 16
1.
2.
3.
4.
YesYes 7070NoNo 3030
1.
ooNoNo
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentQuality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYesYes 5555NoNo 2828
Government intervention through laws or regulationsGovernment intervention through laws or regulations NoNo 2626NoNo 2323NoNo 1616
2.
3.
4.
viii
Presentation of secondary data
The following socioeconomic indicators were selected for each country to complement
the country profile information. Indicators and their sources are included below.
1. Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs: http://esa.un.org/unpp
2. Gross national income (GNI) per capita (international $). PPP int. $ = Purchasing Power Parity at international dollar rate (2008). World Development Indicators Database, 2009. Washington, DC, World Bank, 2009: http://www.worldbank.org/data
3. World Bank income category. divided among income groups according to 2008 gross national income (GNI) per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. The groups are: low income, US$ 975 or less; lower-middle income, US$ 976–3855; upper-middle income, US$ 3856–11 905; and high income, US$ 11 906 or more. http://www.worldbank.org
4. Country grouping by OECD and non-OECD membership. For more information, see the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: http://www.oecd.org
5. Life expectancy at birth in years (2007). WHO Global Atlas of the Health Workforce. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table1.pdf
6. Total health expenditure (% GDP). Total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product (2010). WHO National Health Accounts (NHA) Country health expenditure database. Geneva, World Health Organization: http:www.who.int/nha/country
7. Per capita total health expenditure (PPP international $). PPP int. $ = Purchasing Power Parity at international dollar rate (2010). WHO National Health Accounts (NHA) Country health expenditure database. Geneva, World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/nha/country
8. Hospital bed density per 10 000 population (2008). WHO World Health Statistics. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table6.pdf
9. Physician density per 10 000 population (2007). WHO World Health Statistics. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table6.pdf
10. Nurse density per 10 000 population (2007): WHO World Health Statistics. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS09_Table6.pdf
11. ICT Development Index 2008. International Telecommunication Union ICT Statistics: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2010/Material/MIS_2010_Summary_E.pdf
12. ICT Development Index rank 2008. International Telecommunication Union ICT Statistics: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2010/Material/MIS_2010_Summary_E.pdf
13. Mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 population (2009). International Telecommunication Union ICT Statistics: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators/Indicators.aspx#
14. Internet users per 100 population (2009). International Telecommunication Union ICT Statistics: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Indicators/Indicators.aspx#
15. Age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. The sum of years of potential life lost due to premature mortality and the years of productive life lost due to disability (2004). Department of Measurement and Health Information, World Health Organization, 2008: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/index.html
ix
1
Afghanistan . . . . . 3
Albania . . . . . . 5
Argentina . . . . . . 7
Armenia . . . . . . 9
Austria . . . . . . 11
Azerbaijan . . . . . 13
Bangladesh . . . . . 15
Belarus . . . . . . 17
Belgium . . . . . . 19
Belize. . . . . . . 21
Benin. . . . . . . 23
Bhutan . . . . . . 25
Botswana . . . . . . 27
Brazil . . . . . . . 29
Brunei Darussalam. . . . 31
Bulgaria . . . . . . 33
Burkina Faso . . . . . 35
Burundi . . . . . . 37
Cambodia . . . . . 39
Cameroon . . . . . 41
Canada . . . . . . 43
Cape Verde . . . . . 45
Chad . . . . . . . 47
China. . . . . . . 49
Colombia . . . . . . 51
Comoros . . . . . . 53
Congo . . . . . . 55
Croatia . . . . . . 57
Cyprus . . . . . . 59
Czech Republic . . . . 61
Denmark . . . . . . 63
Dominican Republic . . . 65
Egypt. . . . . . . 67
El Salvador . . . . . 69
Eritrea . . . . . . 71
Estonia . . . . . . 73
Ethiopia . . . . . . 75
Fiji . . . . . . . 77
Finland . . . . . . 79
France . . . . . . 81
Gambia . . . . . . 83
Germany . . . . . . 85
Ghana . . . . . . 87
Greece . . . . . . 89
Guinea-Bissau . . . . . 91
Hungary . . . . . . 93
Iceland . . . . . . 95
India . . . . . . . 97
Indonesia . . . . . . 99
Iran (Islamic Republic of ) . . 101
Israel . . . . . . . 103
Jordan . . . . . . 105
Kuwait . . . . . . 107
Kyrgyzstan . . . . . 109
Lao People’s Democratic Republic 111
Latvia. . . . . . . 113
Lebanon . . . . . . 115
Lesotho . . . . . . 117
2Country profiles
2
Liberia . . . . . . 119
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya . . 121
Lithuania . . . . . . 123
Madagascar . . . . . 125
Malaysia . . . . . . 127
Maldives . . . . . . 129
Mali . . . . . . . 131
Malta . . . . . . . 133
Mauritania . . . . . 135
Mauritius . . . . . . 137
Mexico . . . . . . 139
Mongolia . . . . . . 141
Montenegro . . . . . 143
Morocco . . . . . . 145
Mozambique . . . . . 147
Nepal. . . . . . . 149
New Zealand . . . . . 151
Niger . . . . . . . 153
Nigeria . . . . . . 155
Norway . . . . . . 157
Oman . . . . . . 159
Pakistan . . . . . . 161
Panama . . . . . . 163
Paraguay . . . . . . 165
Peru . . . . . . . 167
Philippines . . . . . 169
Poland . . . . . . 171
Portugal . . . . . . 173
Qatar . . . . . . . 175
Republic of Korea . . . . 177
Republic of Moldova . . . 179
Sao Tome and Principe . . . 181
Senegal . . . . . . 183
Seychelles . . . . . 185
Sierra Leone . . . . . 187
Singapore. . . . . . 189
Slovakia . . . . . . 191
Slovenia . . . . . . 193
Spain . . . . . . . 195
Sri Lanka . . . . . . 197
Sudan . . . . . . 199
Swaziland . . . . . . 201
Switzerland . . . . . 203
Syrian Arab Republic . . . 205
Thailand . . . . . . 207
Togo . . . . . . . 209
Tonga. . . . . . . 211
Turkey . . . . . . 213
Turkmenistan . . . . . 215
United Kingdom . . . . 217
United States of America . . 219
Uzbekistan . . . . . 221
Viet Nam . . . . . . 223
Yemen . . . . . . 225
Zambia . . . . . . 227
Zimbabwe . . . . . 229
3
AfghanistanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 27 208 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.3 —
1 110 84 —
World Bank income group Low 4 42.63
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 2.0 3.55
42 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 5.0 61 622
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Afgha
nistan
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 — — 28
Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 — — 4
4
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
5
AlbaniaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 3 143 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.8 3.12
8 170 536 83
World Bank income group Lower-middle
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 11.5 41.20
73 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 40.3 16 106
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2004Yes 55 Partly 2004Yes 37 Yes 2007No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo 73
Nursing No 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Albania
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 No 56 —No — 33 No 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4
6
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
7
ArgentinaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.38
14 120 1 385
World Bank income group Upper-middle 41 130.31
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 31.6 34.00
76 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 4.8 15 371
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2005No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Do not know
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Arg
entin
aW
HO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 No 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
8
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
9
ArmeniaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 3 077 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.8
5 420 228 88
World Bank income group Lower-middle 41
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 37.0 6.75
70 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 48.7 18 411
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Do not know 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesDo not knowDo not know 7Do not know
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Arm
enia
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software No 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —No Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 Yes — 4
10
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
11
AustriaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 8 337 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 10.1 6.72
38 550 3 836 17
World Bank income group 78 136.71
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 73.45
80 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 66.4 10 223
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly 2006No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7No
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62No 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Aus
tria
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 No Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 No 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes No 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 No No 4
12
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 No 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
13
AzerbaijanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 8 731 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.6 3.18
316 81
World Bank income group Lower-middle 87.83
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 27.40
68 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 84.2 21 525
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2003Yes 55 Partly 2005No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Aze
rbaija
nW
HO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4
14
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
15
BangladeshCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 160 000 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.5 1.41
1 580 47 137
World Bank income group Low 4 32.32
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 3.0 0.38
65 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 2.8 27 532
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2002No 55 — —No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2007
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Bang
lade
shW
HO S
outh
-East A
sia R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4
16
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Sou
th-E
ast A
sia R
egion
17
BelarusCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.5 4.07
12 380 800 55
World Bank income group Upper-middle 112 100.55
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 48.7 27.43
70 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 125.6
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2003No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataDo not know 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesDo not know
No 7No
Internet safetyDo not know 47Do not know 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationDo not know 77Do not know 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Belaru
sW
HO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4
18
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
19
BelgiumCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.36
36 520 23
World Bank income group 53
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 42.3 76.20
80 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 5.3 10 750
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2000Yes 55 Partly 2005Yes 37 Yes 2003Yes 30 Yes Before 2000
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
Yes 7Prohibits
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Belgium
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — No 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 NoYes Yes 33 — 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 Yes 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4
20
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
21
BelizeCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 301 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.0 —
288 —
World Bank income group Lower-middle 12 52.74
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 10.5 11.73
72 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 12.6 21 180
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 No —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Belize
WHO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes No 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes No 33 Yes 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 Yes No 4
22
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56
Nursing — 50 Yes 55Pharmacy — 45 No 37Dentistry — No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
23
BeninCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 8 662 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.8 1.35
1 510 72 141
World Bank income group Low 5 56.33
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.6 2.24
57 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 7.7 37 601
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2003No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2000No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Benin
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesNo No 33 No 51 No 28
Skills training No 61 No 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
24
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
25
BhutanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 687 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 1.62
5 300 123
World Bank income group Lower-middle 17 48.60
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 7.17
63 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 2.4 25 734
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2004No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Bhutan
WHO S
outh
-East A
sia R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes — 4
26
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
No 68 No 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Sou
th-E
ast A
sia R
egion
27
BotswanaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.6 2.30
12 860
World Bank income group Upper-middle 18
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 4.0 6.15
61 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 26.5
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2003Yes 37 Yes Before 2000Yes 30 Partly 2009
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Do not know 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Botswana
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesNo Yes 33 Yes 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes Yes 4
28
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
No 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
29
BrazilCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 8.4 3.81
10 260 60
World Bank income group Upper-middle 24
No Physician density (per 10 000 population)
73 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 20 112
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2005Do not know 55 — —Do not know 37 — —
Yes 30 Partly Do not knowNational telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesDo not knowDo not know 7Do not know
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Brazil
WHO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —No — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
30
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Yes —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No data 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 40Organizational culture not supportive No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 38Lack of policy frameworks No data 37
No data 37No data 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No data 26Lack of knowledge of applications No data 25Lack of technical expertise No data 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
31
Brunei DarussalamCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 2.4 5.07
42
World Bank income group 26 103.30
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 11.4 78.78
76 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 60.6 13 132
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2000Yes 55 Partly 2001Yes 37 Yes 2000No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
No 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationDo not know 77
Yes 75Professional groups offered ICT continuing education
Yes 73Nursing Yes 62
Yes 60Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Brun
ei D
aru
ssalam
WHO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 No 56 —Yes — 33 No 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 No — 4
32
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 64Lack of policy framework No data 63Lack of skilled course developers No data 55Lack of knowledge of applications No data 46Perceived costs too high No data 45
No data 42Lack of demand No data 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
33
BulgariaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.3 4.87
43
World Bank income group Upper-middle 64 140.18
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 36.7 45.00
73 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 46.8 15 218
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2002Yes 55 Partly 2006No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c No data —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Bulgaria
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 No 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 No No 4
34
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
No data —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
35
Burkina FasoCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 15 234 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.6
1 170 155
World Bank income group Low 24.27
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.6 1.13
51 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 7.3 45 867
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2006No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2007No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47
No data 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
No data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Burk
ina F
aso
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 No — 4
36
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 — 71Yes 52 — 56
Nursing Yes 50 — 55Pharmacy Yes 45 — 37Dentistry Yes — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
37
BurundiCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 8 074 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 13.6 —
52 —
World Bank income group Low 7 10.10
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5
50 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 54 480
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2007No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Buru
ndi
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software No 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4
38
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 No 71No 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
39
CambodiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 14 562 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.6 1.70
1 850 138 120
World Bank income group Low — 42.34
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 1.6 0.53
62 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 8.5 36 720
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Do not know 85 — —No 55 — —
Do not know 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataDo not know 70
1 Do not know 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyDo not know 47Do not know 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Cambo
dia
WHO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 — — 28
Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 — — 4
40
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
41
CameroonCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.5 1.40
2 200 121 138
World Bank income group Lower-middle 15 41.00
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 3.84
53 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 16.0 42 856
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2009No 55 — —No 37 — —Yes 30 Yes 2005
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Camer
oon
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes Yes 28
Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 No— — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support — 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 Yes No 4
42
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
43
CanadaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 10.3
21
World Bank income group 34
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 80.30
81 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 100.5 10 321
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Partly Before 2000No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Cana
daW
HO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4
44
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
45
Cape VerdeCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.3 2.62
3 530 151 102
World Bank income group Lower-middle 21 57.48
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 5.7
71 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 13.2 18 788
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2005Yes 55 Partly 2005No 37 — —Yes 30 Yes 2005
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo data 77
Yes 75Professional groups offered ICT continuing education
Yes 73Nursing Yes 62
No 60Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Cape
Ver
deW
HO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4
46
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
No 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
47
ChadCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP)
1 230 72
World Bank income group Low 4 20.36
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 1.50
46 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 2.8
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly Before 2000
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Do not know 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesDo not know
No 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Chad
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 — — 28
Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 — — 4
48
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Do not know
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
49
ChinaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.3 3.23
6 770
World Bank income group Lower-middle 30 55.52
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 14.2
74 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 15 750
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2005Yes 55 Partly 2003No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2004
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesAllows
No 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
China
WHO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — No 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 YesYes — 33 — 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No 4
50
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
51
ColombiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 45 012 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.65
8 500 518 63
World Bank income group Upper-middle 10
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 13.5
75 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 5.5
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2000No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Colombia
WHO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 No 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4
52
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
53
ComorosCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 661 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.3 1.46
1 300 38 134
World Bank income group Low 22
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 1.5
60 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 7.4 24 622
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 No —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47
No data 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
No data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Comor
osW
HO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 No 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No — 4
54
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
55
CongoCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 3 615 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 1.8 1.48
70 132
World Bank income group Lower-middle 16
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 6.66
54 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 8.2
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
No data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Cong
oW
HO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 — No 28
Software No 76 — 35 — 56 NoYes — 33 — 51 No 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No 4
56
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
57
CroatiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 4 423 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.8 5.53
36
World Bank income group 53 136.66
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 50.58
76 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 55.8 13 176
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2009Yes 55 Partly 2006No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Croa
tiaW
HO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 — — 4
58
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
59
CyprusCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 862 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.7 5.37
28 050 3 312
World Bank income group 37 122.02
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 23.0
80 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 11 812
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001Yes 55 Partly 2005Yes 37 Partly 2009Yes 30 Do not know —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7No
Internet safetyDo not know 47Do not know 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Cypr
usW
HO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
60
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 — 71No 52 — 56
Nursing Yes 50 — 55Pharmacy No 45 — 37Dentistry No — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
61
Czech RepublicCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.8 5.45
23 610 1 684 37
World Bank income group 81 137.51
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 36.1 64.43
77 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 57 468
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly 2008No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesAllows
No 7Allows
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Czec
h Re
public
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 No Yes 28
Software Yes 76 No 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 No 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
62
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
63
DenmarkCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 5 458 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.53
37 720 3 630 4
World Bank income group 35
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 31.6 86.84
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 11 286
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2008No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2008
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo data 47No data 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Denm
ark
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 — — 28
Software No 76 — 35 — 56 —No — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
64
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No data 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 40Organizational culture not supportive No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 38Lack of policy frameworks No data 37
No data 37No data 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No data 26Lack of knowledge of applications No data 25Lack of technical expertise No data 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development No dataNo data 58No data 52No data 46
Legal and ethical No data 45No data 40
Patients' perception No data 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
No 68 No 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
65
Dominican RepublicCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.5
8 100 446
World Bank income group Upper-middle 10 85.53
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 18.8 26.77
73 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 18.4
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2004No 55 — —Yes 37 Yes 2008No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Dominican
Repu
blic
WHO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesYes — 33 No 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes No 4
66
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
67
EgyptCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 81 527 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.4 2.70
333
World Bank income group Lower-middle 21
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 24.3 24.26
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 33.5 20 261
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly 2006Yes 37 Partly Do not know
No data 30 No data No dataNational telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNo
Do not know 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo data 77No data 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo data 73
Nursing No data 62No data 60
Dentistry No data 54Pharmacy No data 54
§
1 ecords
Egyp
tW
HO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes No 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 No 56 NoYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 No 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — No 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 No No 4
68
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
69
El SalvadorCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 6 134 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.0 2.61
6 360 410 103
World Bank income group Lower-middle 8 122.77
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 12.4 12.11
72 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 8.0
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Do not know 85 — —Do not know 55 — —Do not know 37 — —Do not know 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Do not know 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesDo not know
No 7Do not know
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
El S
alvado
rW
HO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 — — 28
Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 — — 4
70
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Do not know 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals Do not know
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
71
EritreaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.1 1.08
640 152
World Bank income group Low 12 2.78
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.5 —
65 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 5.8 26 878
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Eritr
eaW
HO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes — 4
72
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No data 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 40Organizational culture not supportive No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 38Lack of policy frameworks No data 37
No data 37No data 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No data 26Lack of knowledge of applications No data 25Lack of technical expertise No data 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development No dataNo data 58No data 52No data 46
Legal and ethical No data 45No data 40
Patients' perception No data 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No data
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 No data 71Yes 52 No data 56
Nursing Yes 50 No data 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No data 37Dentistry Yes No data 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
73
EstoniaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 1 341 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.3 6.41
1 103 22
World Bank income group 56
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 33.3 72.50
74 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 16 212
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Yes 2003No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Estonia
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes No 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 No No 4
74
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Yes —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
75
EthiopiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 80 713 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.4 1.03
30 154
World Bank income group Low 2
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 0.54
58 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 2.4 42 306
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2009No 55 — —
Do not know 37 — —Yes 30 Yes 2004
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Ethiop
iaW
HO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesNo — 33 Yes 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4
76
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
77
FijiCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 844 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.8 2.81
4 570 166
World Bank income group Upper-middle 21 75.36
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 4.5 13.45
70 Nurse density (per 10 000 population)
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2007
Do not know 30 — —National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7
Do not know Internet safety
No 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Fiji
WHO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4
78
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
79
FinlandCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 5 304 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 8.4 7.02
34 430 12
World Bank income group 68
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 33.2
80 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 11 347
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly Before 2000No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly Before 2000
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesAllows
Yes 7Allows
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Finland
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 —Yes Yes 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — — 4
80
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
81
FranceCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 62 036 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 11.1 6.55
3 778 18
World Bank income group 72
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 37.4 71.58
81 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 10 644
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2008Yes 55 Partly 2002No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly No data
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationDo not know 77
Yes 75Professional groups offered ICT continuing education
Yes 73Nursing No 62
No 60Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Franc
eW
HO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
82
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
83
GambiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 1 660 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.3 1.62
1 330 73 124
World Bank income group Low 11 84.04
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 7.63
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 5.7 32 765
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Gambia
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No — 4
84
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
85
GermanyCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 82 264 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 10.4
13
World Bank income group 83
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 34.8
80 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 10 081
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly 2003Yes 37 Partly Before 2000No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesAllows
Yes 7Allows
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Ger
many
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 Yes 37 — No 28
Software No 76 Yes 35 — 56 NoYes Yes 33 — 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 No 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4
86
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
87
GhanaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 23 351 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.8 1.75
1 480 113 116
World Bank income group Low 63.38
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 1.1 5.44
62 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 33 285
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2003Yes 55 Partly 2003No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No data 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Gha
naW
HO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes No 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 NoYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes No 4
88
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No data 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 40Organizational culture not supportive No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 38Lack of policy frameworks No data 37
No data 37No data 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No data 26Lack of knowledge of applications No data 25Lack of technical expertise No data 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development No dataNo data 58No data 52No data 46
Legal and ethical No data 45No data 40
Patients' perception No data 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
89
GreeceCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 11 137 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.03
28 440 2 852 30
World Bank income group 48
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 53.5 44.54
80 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 34.8
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2008Yes 30 Yes Before 2000
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
Yes 7Allows
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Gre
ece
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 —Yes Yes 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 — — 4
90
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
91
Guinea-BissauCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 1 575 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.8
1 060 32 156
World Bank income group Low 10
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 2.30
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 5.5
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Guine
a-B
issau
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No — 4
92
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
93
HungaryCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 10 012 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.4 5.64
18 570 34
World Bank income group 71 118.01
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 27.8 61.81
74 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 15 002
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
Do not know 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Hung
ary
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — No 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 NoYes No 33 — 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 Yes 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4
94
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
95
IcelandCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 315 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 11.8 7.23
4 310 6
World Bank income group 75 105.28
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 37.7
82 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 101.4
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly Before 2000Yes 37 Partly 2001No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c No —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Iceland
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — Yes 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 YesYes — 33 — 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No 4
96
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
No —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
No 68 No 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
97
IndiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 1 181 412 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.0 1.75
3 260 116 117
World Bank income group Lower-middle 43.83
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 5.8 5.12
64 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 12.7 27 825
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly 2006Yes 37 Partly 2006No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
India
WHO S
outh
-East A
sia R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 Yes No 4
98
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Sou
th-E
ast A
sia R
egion
99
IndonesiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 227 345 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 2.0 2.46
4 060 82 107
World Bank income group Lower-middle 6
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 1.3 8.70
67 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 8.2 25 103
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2003Yes 55 Yes 2007No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly No data
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Indo
nesia
WHO S
outh
-East A
sia R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 No 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes — 4
100
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Sou
th-E
ast A
sia R
egion
101
Iran (Islamic Republic of)Cou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 73 312 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.3 3.08
722 84
World Bank income group Lower-middle 14 70.83
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 11.07
72 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 14.1
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Do not knowYes 55 Partly 2007
No data 37 No data No dataYes 30 Partly 2006
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Iran
(Islamic R
epub
lic o
f)W
HO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 — No 28
Software Yes 76 No 35 — 56 YesYes No 33 — 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 — No 4
102
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56
Nursing — 50 No 55Pharmacy — 45 No 37Dentistry — Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
103
IsraelCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 7 051 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 8.0
27 040 2 288 27
World Bank income group 58 125.84
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 36.3 63.12
81 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 61.5
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2004No 55 — —Yes 37 Yes 2003No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoYes 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Israel
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
104
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
105
JordanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 6 136 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 8.5 3.33
5 840 432 74
World Bank income group Lower-middle 18
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 25.6 26.00
72 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 31.8 17 042
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyNo 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Jord
an
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 No 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4
106
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No data 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 40Organizational culture not supportive No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 38Lack of policy frameworks No data 37
No data 37No data 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No data 26Lack of knowledge of applications No data 25Lack of technical expertise No data 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development No dataNo data 58No data 52No data 46
Legal and ethical No data 45No data 40
Patients' perception No data 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 Yes 71— 52 No 56
Nursing — 50 No 55Pharmacy — 45 No 37Dentistry — No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
107
KuwaitCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 2.0 3.64
65
World Bank income group 18
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 18.0 36.85
78 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 37.0
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly Before 2000Yes 37 Partly 2000Yes 30 Yes No data
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c No —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7
Do not know Internet safety
Yes 47Do not know 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Kuwait
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 — — 4
108
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
No —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
109
KyrgyzstanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 5 414 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.6 2.65
2 200 161
World Bank income group Low 51 81.85
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 23.0 40.03
66 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 56.6 25 257
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2002Yes 55 Partly 2002No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Kyrg
yzstan
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software No 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4
110
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
111
Lao People's Democratic RepublicCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 6 205 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.0 1.74
2 210 85 118
World Bank income group Low 12 51.18
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 3.5 4.75
62 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 31 175
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2008No 55 — —Yes 37 No —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Lao
Peop
les De
moc
ratic
Rep
ublic
WHO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes No data 28
Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 No data— — 33 Yes 51 No data 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 No data 20Ongoing support — 61 — No 35 No data 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No No data 4
112
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
113
LatviaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.5 5.28
16 510 1 112 41
World Bank income group Upper-middle 76 105.40
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 30.4 66.84
71 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 56.5 16 822
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2005Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2008No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c No —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesAllows
Yes 7Do not know
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Latvia
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
114
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
No —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No data
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 No data 71— 52 No data 56
Nursing — 50 No data 55Pharmacy — 45 No data 37Dentistry — No data 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
115
LebanonCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 8.8 3.17
13 230 1 000 82
World Bank income group Upper-middle 34
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 32.5 23.68
72 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 13.2 18 881
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly No dataNo 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Do not know 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyNo 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
No 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Leba
non
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes No 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 NoYes — 33 Yes 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4
116
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
117
LesothoCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.4 1.46
100 133
World Bank income group Lower-middle 13
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.5 3.72
47 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 6.2
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —
No data 37 No data No dataNo 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No data 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo data 77No data 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo data 73
Nursing No data 62No data 60
Dentistry No data 54Pharmacy No data 54
§
1 ecords
Leso
tho
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No data 37 Yes No data 28
Software Yes 76 No data 35 Yes 56 No dataNo No data 33 No 51 No data 28
Skills training Yes 61 No data 26 Yes 43 No data 20Ongoing support No 61 No data No 35 No data 18Scholarships No 28 No data 8 No No data 4
118
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
119
LiberiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 11.7 —
45 —
World Bank income group Low 7
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 0.51
54 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 2.7
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —
Do not know 37 — —Do not know 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataDo not know 70
1 Do not know 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesDo not knowDo not know 7Do not know
Internet safetyDo not know 47Do not know 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationDo not know 77Do not know 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Libe
ria
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 — — 28
Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 — — 4
120
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No data 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 40Organizational culture not supportive No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 38Lack of policy frameworks No data 37
No data 37No data 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No data 26Lack of knowledge of applications No data 25Lack of technical expertise No data 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development No dataNo data 58No data 52No data 46
Legal and ethical No data 45No data 40
Patients' perception No data 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Do not know
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
121
Libyan Arab JamahiriyaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 2.8 3.24
16 430 401 78
World Bank income group Upper-middle 37
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 12.5 5.51
73 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 48.0 16 177
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Liby
an
Ara
b Ja
mahiriya
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —No — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
122
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
123
LithuaniaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 3 321 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.2 5.55
16 740 1 178 35
World Bank income group Upper-middle 81
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 40.3
72 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 75.7 16 454
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2002Yes 55 Partly 2007No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Lithua
nia
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
124
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals Do not know
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
125
MadagascarCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.5 1.31
1 050 48 144
World Bank income group Low 10 32.02
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 1.6 1.63
60 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 3.2
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2007No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c No —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Mada
gascar
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 — — 28
Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 — — 4
126
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
No —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
127
MalaysiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 27 014 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.3
13 530 620 56
World Bank income group Upper-middle 18
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 7.1
73 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 18.1 16 638
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Yes Before 2000Yes 37 Yes 2006Yes 30 Yes Before 2000
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Malays
iaW
HO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — No 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 YesNo Yes 33 — 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 — 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4
128
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Yes —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development No dataNo data 58No data 52No data 46
Legal and ethical No data 45No data 40
Patients' perception No data 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
129
MaldivesCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 305 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 11.2 3.54
5 230 626 68
World Bank income group Lower-middle 26
No Physician density (per 10 000 population)
74 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 27.0 23 507
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2009No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Maldives
WHO S
outh
-East A
sia R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 No 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 Yes — 4
130
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
No 68 Yes 71Yes 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Sou
th-E
ast A
sia R
egion
131
MaliCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 12 706 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.5
62 147
World Bank income group Low 6 34.17
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.7
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 2.0 50 378
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2005Yes 55 Partly No dataNo 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo data 77
Yes 75Professional groups offered ICT continuing education
Yes 73Nursing Yes 62
Yes 60Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Mali
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes No 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 NoYes Yes 33 Yes 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 No No 4
132
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Yes —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
133
MaltaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 407 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.5 5.82
22 640 31
World Bank income group 78 103.27
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 33.5 58.86
80 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 62.7
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly No dataYes 55 No —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Malta
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
134
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
135
MauritaniaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 3 215 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 2.6 1.57
53 126
World Bank income group Low 4 66.32
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 1.3 2.28
58 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 6.7
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2002No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2002No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c No —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Maur
itania
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 Yes — 4
136
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
No —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56
Nursing — 50 No 55Pharmacy — 45 Yes 37Dentistry — No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
137
MauritiusCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 1 280 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.2 3.44
13 270 531 72
World Bank income group Upper-middle 33 84.36
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 10.6 22.51
73 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 37.3 17 288
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Do not know 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No data 26With different health care entities within the country No data 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo data 47No data 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Maur
itius
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
138
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
139
MexicoCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 108 555 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.25
14 110 77
World Bank income group Upper-middle 17 76.20
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 28.30
76 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 15 430
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —Yes 37 Yes 2006Yes 30 Yes 2004
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationDo not know 77
Yes 75Professional groups offered ICT continuing education
No 73Nursing Yes 62
Yes 60Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Mex
ico
WHO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 — — 28
Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 — — 4
140
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Yes —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
141
MongoliaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 2 641 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.8 2.71
3 330 136
World Bank income group Lower-middle 60 84.20
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 26.3 —
68 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 34.5 23 523
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2006No 55 — —Yes 37 Yes 2008No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo 73
Nursing No 62No 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Mon
golia
WHO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —No — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4
142
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56
Nursing — 50 Yes 55Pharmacy — 45 Yes 37Dentistry — Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
143
MontenegroCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 622 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.57
13 130 47
World Bank income group Upper-middle 40 207.33
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 44.86
74 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 55.4 —
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2009Yes 55 Partly 2009No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Mon
tene
gro
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
144
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
145
MoroccoCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 31 606 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.3 2.68
4 450
World Bank income group Lower-middle 11
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 5.6 41.30
72 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 7.8 17 780
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2001Yes 55 Partly 2004Yes 37 Partly 2003Yes 30 Yes Before 2000
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
No data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Mor
occo
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4
146
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
No 68 No 71No 52 No 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
147
MozambiqueCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 22 383 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.6 1.05
880 47 153
World Bank income group Low 8 26.08
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 2.68
51 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 3.1 44 407
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2000No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Do not know 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Moz
ambiqu
eW
HO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No — 4
148
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Do not know 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
149
NepalCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 28 810 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 1.34
1 180 54 142
World Bank income group Low 50
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 2.1
63 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 4.6
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007No 55 — —No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2008
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7
Allows Internet safety
No 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Nep
al
WHO S
outh
-East A
sia R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesNo Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
150
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Sou
th-E
ast A
sia R
egion
151
New ZealandCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 4 230 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.81
26 430 2 465 16
World Bank income group 62 110.16
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 21.3
81 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 87.2 10 642
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001Yes 55 Partly 2005Yes 37 Yes 2005
Do not know 30 — —National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7
Prohibits Internet safety
Yes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
New
Zea
land
WHO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 YesYes Yes 33 — 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — No 4
152
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
153
NigerCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 14 704 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.0
660 40 158
World Bank income group Low 3 17.00
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 0.76
52 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 1.4
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2004No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Niger
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 — 37 Yes Yes 28
Software No 76 — 35 Yes 56 YesNo — 33 Yes 51 No 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No No 4
154
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
155
NigeriaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 151 212 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.8 1.65
134 122
World Bank income group Lower-middle 5 48.16
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 4.0 28.43
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 16.1 48 578
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyDo not know 47
No 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Niger
iaW
HO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
156
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo data 83No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
157
NorwayCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 4 767 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 8.6 7.11
56 050
World Bank income group 111.38
Physician density (per 10 000 population)
81 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 163.3 10 351
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2005
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Allows
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Nor
way
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 No 35 — 56 —Yes Yes 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 — — 4
158
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
159
OmanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 2 785 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 2.4 3.45
24 370 71
World Bank income group 20
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 18.4 51.50
74 Nurse density (per 10 000 population)
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly No dataYes 55 Partly Before 2000No 37 — —Yes 30 Yes Before 2000
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesDo not know
No 7Do not know
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Oman
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 — — 4
160
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Do not know
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
161
PakistanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 1.54
2 710 71 128
World Bank income group Lower-middle 6 52.18
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 7.8 11.30
63 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 3.8
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Do not knowNo 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyDo not know 47Do not know 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Pakistan
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
162
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
163
PanamaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.2 3.66
12 530 62
World Bank income group Upper-middle 22 164.37
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 15.0
76 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 27.7 15 008
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2007Yes 55 Partly 2008Yes 37 Yes 2008Yes 30 Partly 2008
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Pana
ma
WHO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — Yes 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 YesYes — 33 — 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No 4
164
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
165
ParaguayCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 6 238 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.3 2.75
4 430
World Bank income group Lower-middle 13 88.50
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 11.1 17.40
74 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 17 782
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2008Yes 37 Yes 2008No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7No
Internet safetyNo 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Para
guay
WHO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes No 4
166
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
167
PeruCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 28 837 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.5 3.27
8 140 385 75
World Bank income group Upper-middle 15
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) — 31.40
76 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) — 18 552
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2006Yes 55 Partly 2005No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62No 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Peru
WHO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 NoYes No 33 No 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 Yes 8 No No 4
168
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
169
PhilippinesCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.8 2.87
3 540 135
World Bank income group Lower-middle 5 100.26
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 11.5
70 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 61.2 21 603
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2006No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2000No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo data 47No data 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Philip
pine
sW
HO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 Yes Yes 4
170
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
171
PolandCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 38 104 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.6
18 440 1 162 40
World Bank income group Upper-middle 52 117.68
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 20.1
76 Nurse density (per 10 000 population)
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2008Yes 55 Partly 2004Yes 37 Partly 2007Yes 30 Partly 2004
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesAllows
No 7Allows
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Poland
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 — 56 —Yes No 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 Yes 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — — 4
172
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
173
PortugalCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 10 677 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 10.1 5.77
22 870 2 334 32
World Bank income group 35 148.77
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 34.4 48.27
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 48.3
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly Before 2000Yes 55 Partly 2008Yes 37 Partly 2007No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c No —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesAllows
Do not know 7Do not know
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Portug
al
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
174
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
No —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals Do not know
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
175
QatarCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 1 281 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.3 4.68
— 2 837 45
World Bank income group 25 175.40
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 27.6 40.00
76 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 73.7
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2005Yes 55 Partly 2007No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2003
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyDo not know 47Do not know 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Qatar
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
176
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals Do not know
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
177
Republic of KoreaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 48 152 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.6 7.68
27 310 1 820 3
World Bank income group 86 100.70
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 17.1 81.52
80 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 12 248
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2007
No data 30 No data No dataNational telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo data 77No data 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo data 73
Nursing No data 62No data 60
Dentistry No data 54Pharmacy No data 54
§
1 ecords
Repu
blic o
f Ko
rea
WHO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 — — 4
178
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Do not know 72Used in training health professionals Do not know
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
179
Republic of MoldovaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 3 633 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 10.7 3.37
3 060 318 73
World Bank income group Lower-middle 61 77.28
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 26.7 37.00
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 66.5 20 105
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2005Yes 55 Partly 2004No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Repu
blic o
f Moldo
vaW
HO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —Yes No 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 No 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4
180
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
181
Sao Tome and PrincipeCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 160 Total health expenditure (%GDP) —
1 850 167 —
World Bank income group Lower-middle 32
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 16.41
61 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 18.7 31 628
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Sao
Tome
and
Princ
ipe
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 Yes — 4
182
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 — 71— 52 — 56
Nursing — 50 — 55Pharmacy — 45 — 37Dentistry — — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
183
SenegalCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 12 211 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.7
102 131
World Bank income group Low 3 55.06
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.6 14.50
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 4.2 35 224
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001No 55 — —Yes 37 Partly 2006No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No data 25c No data —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Sene
gal
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 Yes 26 No 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 Yes 8 No Yes 4
184
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No data 25
No data —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
185
SeychellesCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 84 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.1 3.64
16 820 66
World Bank income group Upper-middle 131.36
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 15.1 —
72 Nurse density (per 10 000 population)
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2005Yes 55 Partly 2001No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7
Do not know Internet safety
Yes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Seyc
helle
sW
HO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 NoYes Yes 33 Yes 51 No 28
Skills training No 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
186
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
187
Sierra LeoneCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 5 560 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.2 —
32 —
World Bank income group Low 4 20.36
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) <0.5 0.26
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 1.7 66 278
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Do not know 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —
No data 30 No data No dataNational telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataDo not know 70
1 Do not know 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country No data 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesDo not knowDo not know 7Do not know
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Sier
ra L
eone
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —No Yes 33 No 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 Yes 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 Yes No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4
188
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
189
SingaporeCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 4 615 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.4
1 757 14
World Bank income group 32 145.24
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 15.0
81 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 44.0 10 111
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Yes 2003Yes 37 Yes Before 2000
Do not know 30 — —National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Sing
apo
reW
HO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — No 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 NoYes — 33 — 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 — No 4
190
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 64Lack of policy framework No data 63Lack of skilled course developers No data 55Lack of knowledge of applications No data 46Perceived costs too high No data 45
No data 42Lack of demand No data 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
191
SlovakiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 5 400 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.8 5.38
21 600 1 717 38
World Bank income group 68 101.70
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 31.2 75.17
75 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 66.2 13 844
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2008Yes 55 Partly 2009Yes 37 Yes 2005No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Slov
akia
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —Yes — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
192
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
193
SloveniaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 2 015 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.8 6.26
26 340 2 183 26
World Bank income group 47
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 24.2 64.28
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 78.1 11 636
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2009Yes 30 Partly 2007
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Slov
enia
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 — 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes — 4
194
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
195
SpainCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 44 486 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 8.7 6.27
31 630 25
World Bank income group 34 113.76
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 37.6 62.62
81 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 74.4
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Yes 2006Yes 37 Partly 2006Yes 30 No —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7
Prohibits Internet safety
No data 47No data 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Spain
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — No data 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 No dataYes — 33 — 51 No data 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 No data 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — — 35 No data 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — No data 4
196
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No data 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 64Lack of policy framework No data 63Lack of skilled course developers No data 55Lack of knowledge of applications No data 46Perceived costs too high No data 45
No data 42Lack of demand No data 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 No 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
197
Sri LankaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 20 061 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.0 2.51
4 720 184 105
World Bank income group Lower-middle 31
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 5.5 8.78
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 17.4
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2003No 55 — —Yes 37 Yes 2004Yes 30 Partly 2005
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62No 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Sri La
nka
WHO S
outh
-East A
sia R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes No 28
Software No 76 — 35 Yes 56 NoNo — 33 Yes 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support No 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 Yes No 4
198
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Sou
th-E
ast A
sia R
egion
199
SudanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 41 348 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.6 1.57
2 000 77 127
World Bank income group Lower-middle 7
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 3.0 —
57 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 38 563
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2005No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyDo not know 47Do not know 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Suda
nW
HO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 —Yes — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 — 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — No 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 No — 4
200
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
201
SwazilandCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 1 168 Total health expenditure (%GDP)
4 580 115
World Bank income group Lower-middle 21 55.36
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 1.6 7.60
48 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 63.1 55 883
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No data 85 No data No dataNo data 55 No data No dataNo data 37 No data No dataNo data 30 No data No data
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo data 70
1 No data 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No data 26With different health care entities within the country No data 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11
Internet pharmaciesNo dataNo data 7No data
Internet safetyNo data 47No data 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo data 77No data 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo data 73
Nursing No data 62No data 60
Dentistry No data 54Pharmacy No data 54
§
1 ecords
Swaziland
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No data 78 No data 37 No data No data 28
Software No data 76 No data 35 No data 56 No dataNo data No data 33 No data 51 No data 28
Skills training No data 61 No data 26 No data 43 No data 20Ongoing support No data 61 No data No data 35 No data 18Scholarships No data 28 No data 8 No data No data 4
202
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo data 83No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
No 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 Yes 37Dentistry No Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
203
SwitzerlandCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 7 541 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 10.5
41 830 4 620 7
World Bank income group 55 122.30
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 81.30
82 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 110.4
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2007Yes 55 Partly 2007Yes 37 Partly 2006Yes 30 No data No data
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationDo not know 77Do not know 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Switz
erland
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No 78 No 37 — Yes 28
Software No 76 No 35 — 56 YesNo No 33 — 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 No 26 — 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 Yes 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 — Yes 4
204
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83Yes 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
205
Syrian Arab RepublicCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 21 227 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.2 2.76
4 620 143
World Bank income group Lower-middle 15 45.57
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 5.3 20.40
72 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 14.0 16 167
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2009No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
No 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62No 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Syrian
Ara
b Re
public
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 No 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes No 4
206
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 — 71No 52 — 56
Nursing No 50 — 55Pharmacy Yes 45 — 37Dentistry Yes — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
207
ThailandCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 67 386 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.0 3.27
7 640 323 76
World Bank income group Lower-middle 22
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 3.1 25.80
70 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 13.6 20 216
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2002No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Thaila
ndW
HO S
outh
-East A
sia R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 Yes No 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 Yes 56 NoYes — 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 — Yes 35 No 18Scholarships Yes 28 — 8 Yes No 4
208
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Sou
th-E
ast A
sia R
egion
209
TogoCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.4 1.36
850 71 140
World Bank income group Low 33.05
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.5 5.38
Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 2.7 38 278
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No data 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo data 56No data 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No data 26No data 23No data 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Togo
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 — — 28
Software — 76 — 35 — 56 —— — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 — — 4
210
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
211
TongaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 104 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 4.0 —
4 580 152 —
World Bank income group Lower-middle 24
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 8.08
71 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 34.0 —
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2008No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo 77No 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing education— 73
Nursing — 62— 60
Dentistry — 54Pharmacy — 54
§
1 ecords
Tong
aW
HO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —No No 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training No 61 No 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4
212
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No data 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 40Organizational culture not supportive No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 38Lack of policy frameworks No data 37
No data 37No data 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No data 26Lack of knowledge of applications No data 25Lack of technical expertise No data 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development No dataNo data 58No data 52No data 46
Legal and ethical No data 45No data 40
Patients' perception No data 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesNo 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No data 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No data 47Lack of policy framework No data 44
No data 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No data 38Perceived costs too high No data 37Lack of demand No dataUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 26Lack of technical expertise No data 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 No 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
213
TurkeyCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.0
13 730 57
World Bank income group Upper-middle 28
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 14.5 36.40
74 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 16 307
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001Yes 55 Partly 2003Yes 37 Yes Before 2000Yes 30 Yes 2008
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries Yes 11
Internet pharmaciesProhibits
No 7Prohibits
Internet safetyNo 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing No 62No 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Turk
eyW
HO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software No 76 No 35 No 56 NoNo No 33 No 51 No 28
Skills training No 61 No 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
214
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Yes —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception Yes 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
No 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing No 50 Yes 55Pharmacy No 45 No 37Dentistry No No 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
215
TurkmenistanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 5 044 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 1.8 2.38
120 108
World Bank income group Lower-middle 41
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 24.4 1.57
63 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 45.2 28 344
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No 85 — —Yes 55 Partly 2006
Do not know 37 — —Yes 30 Yes 2006
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesDo not knowDo not know 7Do not know
Internet safetyDo not know 47Do not know 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry No 54Pharmacy No 54
§
1 ecords
Turk
men
istan
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 — 37 — — 28
Software Yes 76 — 35 — 56 —No — 33 — 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 — 26 — 43 — 20Ongoing support No 61 — — 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 — 8 — — 4
216
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Yes —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise Yes 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoYes 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Do not know
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No data 64Lack of policy framework No data 63Lack of skilled course developers No data 55Lack of knowledge of applications No data 46Perceived costs too high No data 45
No data 42Lack of demand No data 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 — 71Yes 52 — 56
Nursing No 50 — 55Pharmacy Yes 45 — 37Dentistry Yes — 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
217
United KingdomCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 61 231 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.07
37 360 3 230 10
World Bank income group 130.55
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 21.4 83.56
80 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 6.3 11 012
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes Before 2000Yes 55 Yes 2002Yes 37 Yes 2002Yes 30 Partly 2008
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Yes —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoYes 7No
Internet safetyYes 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationDo not know 77
Yes 75Professional groups offered ICT continuing education
Yes 73Nursing Yes 62
Yes 60Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
United
King
dom
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 No 37 — No 28
Software Yes 76 No 35 — 56 YesYes Yes 33 — 51 No 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 — 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No — 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 — No 4
218
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Yes —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high No 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development NoNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
219
United States of AmericaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 311 666 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 16.0 6.54
46 730 7 536
World Bank income group 31
Physician density (per 10 000 population) 26.7 78.00
78 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 12 844
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly No dataYes 55 Partly 2006
Do not know 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataNo 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Yes 26With different health care entities within the country Yes 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesAllows
Yes 7Prohibits
Internet safetyYes 47
Do not know 22Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet content
Yes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
United
States
of Amer
ica
WHO R
egion o
f th
e A
merica
s
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 No 20Ongoing support Yes 61 Yes Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 Yes 8 Yes No 4
220
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58No 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
Do not know 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Reg
ion
of the
Amer
icas
221
UzbekistanCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 5.0 2.25
134 110
World Bank income group Low 48
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 26.2 17.06
68 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 108.1 21 277
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Do not know 85 — —Yes 55 Partly 2009No 37 — —Yes 30 Partly 2009
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyYes 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Uzb
ekistan
WHO E
uro
pean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software No 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training No 61 Yes 26 No 43 No 20Ongoing support No 61 No No 35 No 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No No 4
222
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —Yes 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
No 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences No 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
— 68 Yes 71— 52 Yes 56
Nursing — 50 Yes 55Pharmacy — 45 Yes 37Dentistry — Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Eur
opea
n Re
gion
223
Viet NamCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 7.3 3.05
2 850 201 86
World Bank income group Low 28 111.53
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 5.6 26.55
73 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 7.7 17 025
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Partly 2001Yes 55 Partly 2004Yes 37 Partly No dataNo 30 — —
National telemedicine policy Yes 25c Partly —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26Yes 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Viet Nam
WHO W
estern
Pacific
Region
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes Yes 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 YesYes Yes 33 Yes 51 Yes 28
Skills training Yes 61 Yes 26 Yes 43 Yes 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 Yes 18Scholarships Yes 28 No 8 Yes No 4
224
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy Yes 25
Partly —Do not know 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58No 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework No 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation Yes 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 46Perceived costs too high No 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Wes
tern
Pacific
Reg
ion
225
YemenCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) Total health expenditure (%GDP) 3.7 1.52
2 340 104
World Bank income group Low 7 35.25
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 3.3
64 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 6.6 32 541
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 Yes 2002No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7
Do not know Internet safety
No 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62No 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Yemen
WHO E
astern
Medite
rranean R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)— 78 — 37 Yes — 28
Software — 76 — 35 Yes 56 —— — 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training — 61 — 26 Yes 43 — 20Ongoing support — 61 — Yes 35 — 18Scholarships — 28 — 8 No — 4
226
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks Yes 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards No 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52No 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45Yes 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83
No data 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high No 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise Yes 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
Yes 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71No 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 No 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
Easter
n Med
iterr
ane
an
Region
227
ZambiaCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 12 620 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 6.0 1.42
1 280 81 136
World Bank income group Low 34.07
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 0.6 6.31
48 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 7.1 62 024
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy No data 85 No data No dataNo data 55 No data No dataNo data 37 No data No dataNo data 30 No data No data
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 Yes 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers Do not know 26With different health care entities within the country Do not know 23With health care entities in other countries Do not know 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47No 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentNo 56No 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations Yes 26No 23Yes 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationNo data 77No data 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationNo data 73
Nursing No data 62No data 60
Dentistry No data 54Pharmacy No data 54
§
1 ecords
Zambia
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)No data 78 No data 37 No data No data 28
Software No data 76 No data 35 No data 56 No dataNo data No data 33 No data 51 No data 28
Skills training No data 61 No data 26 No data 43 No data 20Ongoing support No data 61 No data No data 35 No data 18Scholarships No data 28 No data 8 No data No data 4
228
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No data 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37Yes 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesYes 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical No 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives Yes 53
Lack of knowledge of applications Yes 47Lack of policy framework No 44
No 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand YesUnderdeveloped infrastructure No 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals No
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework No 63Lack of skilled course developers Yes 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand Yes 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
229
ZimbabweCou
ntry
indicators
Population (000s) 12 463 Total health expenditure (%GDP) 12.2 1.51
— 20 130
World Bank income group Low 30 23.88
No Physician density (per 10 000 population) 1.6 11.36
42 Nurse density (per 10 000 population) 7.2 82 801
Sources: See page ix
policy, legal and ethical frameworks; adequate funding from various sources; infrastructure development; and developing the capacity of the health work force through training.
1. eHealth foundation actions
I. Policy frameworkCountry response Global response (%)§ Policy implemented Year of implementation
National eGovernment policy Yes 85 No —No 55 — —No 37 — —No 30 — —
National telemedicine policy No 25c — —
II. Legal and ethical frameworks for eHealthCountry response Global response (%)a§
Legislation on personal and health-related dataYes 70
1 No 31Legislation for sharing health-related data between health care staff through EMR/EHR1
Within the same health care facility and its network of care providers No 26With different health care entities within the country No 23With health care entities in other countries No 11
Internet pharmaciesNoNo 7No
Internet safetyNo 47Yes 22
Quality assurance approaches to health-related Internet contentYes 56Yes 28
Government intervention through laws or regulations No 26No 23No 17
IV. Capacity buildingCountry response Global response (%)b§
ICT educationYes 77Yes 75
Professional groups offered ICT continuing educationYes 73
Nursing Yes 62Yes 60
Dentistry Yes 54Pharmacy Yes 54
§
1 ecords
Zimba
bwe
WHO A
frican R
egion
III. eHealth expenditures and their funding source
Expenditure Public funding Private fundingDonor/non-public
fundingPublic-private
partnerships funding
response response (%) response response (%) response response (%) response response (%)Yes 78 Yes 37 Yes — 28
Software Yes 76 Yes 35 Yes 56 —Yes Yes 33 Yes 51 — 28
Skills training Yes 61 No 26 No 43 — 20Ongoing support Yes 61 No Yes 35 — 18Scholarships No 28 No 8 No — 4
230
2. eHealth applications
I. TelemedicineCountry response Global response (%)c§
Telemedicine enabling actionsNational telemedicine policy No 25
— —No 22
Barriers to implementing telemedicine solutions Perceived costs too high Yes 60Lack of legal policies/regulation No 40Organizational culture not supportive NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 38Lack of policy frameworks No 37
Yes 37No 31
Lack of nationally adopted standards Yes 26Lack of knowledge of applications No 25Lack of technical expertise No 17
Information most needed in country to support telemedicine development YesNo 58Yes 52Yes 46
Legal and ethical Yes 45No 40
Patients' perception No 30
II. mHealthCountry response Global response (%)b§
mHealth initiativesYes 83No 12
Barriers to implementing mHealth initiatives No 53
Lack of knowledge of applications No 47Lack of policy framework Yes 44
Yes 40Lack of legal policies/regulation No 38Perceived costs too high Yes 37Lack of demand NoUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 26Lack of technical expertise No 26
IIIa. eLearningCountry response Global response (%)c§
eLearning in health sciences at the tertiary levelUsed in teaching health sciences Yes 72Used in training health professionals Yes
Barriers to eLearningUnderdeveloped infrastructure Yes 64Lack of policy framework Yes 63Lack of skilled course developers No 55Lack of knowledge of applications No 46Perceived costs too high Yes 45
No 42Lack of demand No 21
IIIb. eLearning target groups Profession Students Professionals
Country response Global response (%)c§ Country response Global response (%)c§
Yes 68 Yes 71Yes 52 Yes 56
Nursing Yes 50 Yes 55Pharmacy Yes 45 Yes 37Dentistry Yes Yes 37
a n=113 n=112
c n=114
WHO
African
Region
Based on the findings of the second global survey on eHealth
eHealth country profilesATLAS
2010