Health Promotion And Health Education

DR NATASHA K (MBBS, MPH, PHD FELLOW)ASST PROF BUHSDRNATASHA1976@GMAIL.COM

Lecture 6HEALTH BEHAVIOUR

2

DESCRIPTION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR

1. Human behavior is motivatedmotivation – driving force behind all action of an organism

2. Human behavior has multiple causes.- Influenced by culture

3. Human behavior can be adaptive and maladaptive• Human are social beings• Any person depend upon each other for survival• People need interaction

4. People play an integral part in creating their experience 5. Human lives are continuous process of change.6. Every person is different yet the same.7. Individual is a unique person.

3

***Health Behaviour

Health behaviour: Desire health or health related behaviour may

be divided into two types 1. A) Compliance B) Avoidant2. A) Regular B) Once

4

Health BehaviourDesire health or health related behaviour may be divided into two types (1) Compliance behaviour (2) Avoidant behaviour. Compliance behaviour is a result of motives that move towards a desire action. For

example accepting immunization, introducing bearning foods exercising, brushing teeth, bathing etc. are compliance behaviour.

5

Avoidant behaviour is a result of motives that move away from disliked or feared situation. Stopping the use of cigarettes, the intake of fatty food and drinking unsafe water are examples of avoidant behaviour conductive to health. Some types of avoidant behaviour is the result of motive moving against situations or persons aggressively. For instance boycotting adulterated or unsafe food vendors, refusing to admit unimmunized children to school are examples of the latter type of avoidant behaviour.

Health behaviorA) Regular or continuousB) Once

Health behaviour which is desire may be a one time behaviour like being vasectomies or may be repeated actions, which are part of ones life style, like eating, sleeping and recreation pattern.

6

Cognitive dissonance is the conflict that arises within an individual, when he is

induced to behave in a way that conflicts with the beliefs and values held by him.

It is natural for an individual to reduce the conflict and the intervention of an educator at this point will serve two purposes.

The first is that dissonance conflict is in the direction of belief change rather than renouncing the behaviour accepted.

Secondly such intervention will maximize the degree and permanence of change.

7

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR

Predisposing factors are those antecedents to behavior that provide the rationale or motivation for the behavior.

Enabling factors are the antecedents to behavior that enable a motivation to be realized.

Reinforcing factors are factors subsequent to a behavior that provide the continuing reward or incentive for the behavior and contribute to its persistence or repetition.

8

3

Health Education attempts..

Direct communications to the target population to strengthen the predisposing factors.

Indirect communications through parents, teachers, clergy, community leaders, employers, peers, and others to strengthen the reinforcing factors.

Community organization, political interventions, and training to strengthen the enabling factors.

9

5

APPLICATION OF THE MODELPredisposing factors: Knowledge Beliefs Values Attitudes Confidence

Enabling factors: Availability of health resourcesAccessibility of health resourcesCommunity/government laws, priority, and Commitment to healthHealth-related skills

Reinforcing factors: Family Peers Teachers Employers Health providers Community leaders Decision makers

Specificbehavior byindividualsor byorganizations

Environment(conditionsOf living)

Health

1

6

5

2

7

4

3

9

8 10

12

11

4

10

Desirable Health behaviour and categories of people.

Desirable health behaviour may concern different groups of healthy people who require to promote their health and prevent diseases.

11

Health behaviour which is desire may be

a one time behaviour like being vasectomies

or may be repeated actions, which are part of

ones life style, like eating, sleeping and recreation pattern.

Desirable Health behaviour and categories of people.

Asymptomatic but high risk people- people with history of diseases, obese persons.

Patients with medical diagnosis following treatment orders. Patients recovering following treatment plans for

rehabilitation. Persons behaving on behalf of others Mothers for children,

wives for husbands, attendants for patients. The above indicated category of people is the

target groups in whom desirable health behaviour is expected. These groups are therefore the targets for health education.

12

Motives and Behaviour

13

Motives and Behaviour1. Significance of Health issue2. Individual Interpretation3. Cognitive dissonance between old and new concept4. Social practice5. Individual competence6. Satisfaction

14

Motivators for Health LearningPISA

15

PISA Perception : understand the health issueeg. Immunization against TB/TT Interest to learn about problem and solutioneg. What is the benefit/ cost /threatening disease Significance to self and otherseg. to self to spouse to children Application of knowledge and adaptionEg., Child EPI every birth

16

Pre requisite to desirable health behaviour change

17

Pre requisite 1. Knowledge attitude skill2. Role of social and physical environment

18

The Educational Domains

The Cognitive Domain The Affective Domain The psychomotor Domain

(Knowledge) (Attitude) (Skill / Practical)

19

Reference Books A Text Book of Health Education (Philosophy and Principles) by Hari Bhakta Pradhan, Educational Resources for Health, Kathmandu, Nepal. Introduction to Behavioral Science by S. Aminul Islam et al. The University Press Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Behavioral Science by Prof M.D. Hussain, Bangladesh Foundations and Principles of Health Education by Nicholas Galli, University of Illinois, Illinois

20

questionsWritten

Define Motive. What are the types of ‘Motive’? Can you explain biogenic and sociogenic motives with

example? Define ‘Motivation’. Explain Maslow’s Need Hierarchy theory Write briefly the developmental stages according to Erikson Discuss the degree of needs according to Maslow. What are the factors for Motivation? What do you understand by internalizing Incentives? What do you understand by ‘Health behaviour’, explain the

types. What factors influence Health Behaviour? Write something about the desirable health behaviour and

categories of people. What is ‘Attitude’? What are the components? What do you understand by ‘Change Process’? Explain What are the models of Change Process? Discuss them What are the resistance to change? Define ‘Adoption’? what are the factors affecting adoption? Discuss the categories of adopter

21

Thank you