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Hiba Nasir
1248129
Endocrinology Presentation
BLOOD DOPING
Have you ever heard???
Doping?
• Adding impurities to something.
• Blood Doping
Blood Doping
• Increased red blood cells
• RBCs carry O2
• Higher RBC higher aerobic capacity
• Aerobic capacity (VO2 max)
Increment in hemoglobin mass
METHODS
Blood Transfusion
• 1-4 units
• centrifuged
• plasma components reinfused
• (RBCs),
refrigerated at 4◦C
frozen at −80◦C
Blood Transfusion
• Due to storage, 40% RBCs
non- viable.
• Stored RBCs are then
reinfused,
• iron supplements for
autologous donations.
Blood Transfusion Types
Autologous transfusion
• Own blood
Homologous transfusion
• Someone else blood
Blood Substitutes
• Synthetic oxygen carriers
human blood unavailable
blood infection
there isn't enough time to match of blood type
• Example
HBOCs
PFCs
HBOCs
• Resistance to dissociate when dissolved in media
• greater benefits than hemoglobin
• highly effective O2 donors in terms of tissue oxygenation
PFCs
• dissolve 100 times more oxygen than plasma.
• Small size = flow in tiny capillaries.
EPO Injections
• Hormone, produced by kidney.
• Regulates production of RBCs by acting on bone marrow.
• EPO injections are given to stimulate the production of RBCs to treat patients with anemia.
Athletes using EPO to produce higher than normal amounts of red blood
cells
DETECTION
Detection for Homologous Blood Doping
• Fluorescent-activated cell sorting
• Examining markers on the surface of rbcs
• Determine whether blood from more than one person is present
Detection for Autologous Blood doping
• CO rebreathing technique
• To measure the nonphysiologicincreases in hb mass
• O2-CO gas mixture inhalation for about 10-15mins
• By measuring the difference in carboxyhemoglobin concentration (hbco) before and after rebreathing total hb mass can be calculated.
Pros Of Blood Doping
• Affects the brain of the athlete,
• Athlete’s exercise endurance level
• Improve the health of athletes
• Benefits the athlete's long exercise
• No oxygen depletion and lactic acid formation.
Cons of blood doping
• Increased viscosity of the blood
• Risk of heart diseases
• Cerebral or pulmonary embolisms
• Weakened immune system, increases the risk of autoimmune diseases.
• Blood clots
• Deterioration of the Mind
• Negative mental effects
• EPO addicting drug
THANK YOU Any questions?