Brain tumor jinu 4

Brain TumorBrain Tumor

Jinu Janet VargheseJinu Janet VargheseGroup: 4Group: 4Year: 4Year: 4Tbil isi State Medical Tbil isi State Medical UniversityUniversity

Brain tumorBrain tumor

OutlineOutl ine Introduction Introduction Definit ion Definit ion Classif ication of brain tumors Classif ication of brain tumors Risk factors for brain tumorsRisk factors for brain tumors Signs and symptoms of brain tumorSigns and symptoms of brain tumor Diagnosis of brain tumorDiagnosis of brain tumor Treatment of brain tumorTreatment of brain tumor Nursing managementNursing management

IntroductionIntroduction

Definit ion of brain tumorDefinit ion of brain tumor

A brain tumor is a localized A brain tumor is a localized intracranial intracranial lesionlesion which which occupies space with the occupies space with the

skull and tends to cause a skull and tends to cause a riserise in intracranial in intracranial

pressure.pressure.

Classif ication of brain Classif ication of brain tumorstumors

Brain tumors can be benign or malignantBrain tumors can be benign or malignantBenign brain tumors:Benign brain tumors: Benign brain tumors Benign brain tumors do notdo not contain contain

cancer cells: usually, benign tumors cancer cells: usually, benign tumors can be removed, and they seldom can be removed, and they seldom grow back.grow back.

The border or The border or edgeedge of a benign brain of a benign brain tumor can be clearly seen. Cells from tumor can be clearly seen. Cells from benign tumors do not invade tissues benign tumors do not invade tissues around them or spread to other parts around them or spread to other parts of the body. of the body.

Classif ication of brain tumorsClassif ication of brain tumors(cont(cont……((

However, benign tumors can However, benign tumors can presspress on on sensitive areas of the brain and cause sensitive areas of the brain and cause serious health problems.serious health problems.

Unlike benign tumors in most other Unlike benign tumors in most other parts of the body, benign brain tumors parts of the body, benign brain tumors are sometimes are sometimes li fe threateninglife threatening ..

Very rarely, a benign brain tumor may Very rarely, a benign brain tumor may becomebecome malignant. malignant.


Malignant brain tumors:Malignant brain tumors: Malignant brain tumors are generally Malignant brain tumors are generally

more serious and often is l i fe more serious and often is l i fe threatening. It may be threatening. It may be primaryprimary (the (the tumor originate from the brain tumor originate from the brain t issue) or t issue) or secondarysecondary (metastasis (metastasis from others tumor elsewhere in the from others tumor elsewhere in the body).body).

They are l ikely to grow They are l ikely to grow rapidlyrapidly and and invade the surrounding healthy brain invade the surrounding healthy brain t issue.t issue.


Very rarely, cancer cells may Very rarely, cancer cells may break break awayaway from a malignant brain tumor from a malignant brain tumor and spread to other parts of the and spread to other parts of the brain, to the spinal cord, or even to brain, to the spinal cord, or even to other parts of the body.other parts of the body.

Risk factors of the brain Risk factors of the brain tumortumor

BB eing maleeing male RR aceace AA gege FF amily historyamily history BB eing exposed to radiation eing exposed to radiation

or certain chemicals at or certain chemicals at workwork

Symptoms related to increased intracranial Symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure such as:pressure such as:

Decrease in level of Decrease in level of consciousnessconsciousness such as such as confusion and lethargy.confusion and lethargy.

HeadacheHeadache most common in the most common in the early morning and made worse early morning and made worse by coughing or strainingby coughing or straining

Signs and symptoms of brain Signs and symptoms of brain tumortumor

Vomiting

Papil ledema ( edema of optic nerve) and visual disturbance

Alteration in mental status.

Signs and symptoms of brain tumor Signs and symptoms of brain tumor (cont(cont……((

Signs and symptoms of brain tumor Signs and symptoms of brain tumor (cont(cont……((

Localized symptoms such as:Localized symptoms such as: AA phasiaphasia PP ersonality changes as in ersonality changes as in

case of frontal lobe tumorcase of frontal lobe tumor SS ensory defects (smell, ensory defects (smell,

hearing).hearing). SS eizures.eizures. MMotor abnormalit iesotor abnormalit ies

Diagnosis of brain tumorDiagnosis of brain tumor

PP hysical examhysical exam NNeurological examinationeurological examination BB rain CT scanrain CT scan MMRI on brainRI on brain AA ngiogram ngiogram SS pinal tappinal tap BB iopsyiopsy

Treatment of brain tumorTreatment of brain tumor A variety of medical treatment A variety of medical treatment

modalit ies, including modalit ies, including chemotherapychemotherapy and radiotherapy, and radiotherapy,

are used alone or in combination are used alone or in combination with with surgical resectionsurgical resection ..

Supportive care include:Supportive care include: SteroidsSteroids

Anticonvulsant drugsAnticonvulsant drugs

Health & Medicine

Brain tumor jinu 4