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HEALTH CHALLENGES IN
NEW CENTURY
Ms TARIKA SHARMANursing Tutor
M M College Of NursingMaharishi Markandeshwar University, Ambala
Haryana (INDIA)
Epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular disease, a global perspective. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc, 2011.
Epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular disease, a global perspective. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc, 2011.
US study : Heart disease is affecting Indians early
The ongoing study provided data of 85,295 patients of 15 hospitals from Mumbai
to Patna over the last 26 months.
Of these patients — including patients from urban centers as well as rural areas -
60,836 were found to have heart disease.
Almost every second patient has high blood pressure, every fourth has diabetes and
every fifth had plaque deposits in his/her arteries.
The average age of a heart patient in India is 52 years ( > 70 yrs in America : ACC's
American registry).
Clearly, Indians get hit earlier with the heart diseaseSep 30, 2014, TOI
Attention young India, take care of your heart
Four people die of heart attack every minute in India
and the age group is mainly between 30 and 50.
Twenty-five per cent of heart attack deaths occur in
people less than 40.
Nine hundred people under 30 die due to heart
disease in India every day.
India today, 24 July 2011
Reasons
Smoking
a fashion statement in college days
indispensable addiction.
India today, 24 July 2011
Reasons …
Hypercholesterolemia
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension : Changing food habits, stress and a sedentary lifestyle
Obesity
Unhealthy food habits
Physical inactivity
Stress
Genetics
Lack of awareness India today, 24 July 2011
Coronary Heart Disease in Women: A Challenge for the 21st Century
The belief of women should not have coronary heart disease, it is not true.
Heart disease : first killer of women
Many professional responsibilities, in addition to traditional responsibilities.
An excess of fat and carbohydrates intake , not exercising regularly , smoking
and not having enough time to rest leading to overweight, dyslipidemia,
arterial hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes.
Maria Cecília Solimene Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2010 Jan; 65(1): 99–106.
Cardiovascular diseases effecting women as young as 35
A massive section of country's population suffers cardio vascular
diseases.
Bangalore
- An alarming 10-15% rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD)
among young women
Hyderabad
- Women are more prone to problems caused by lack of estrogen
between the ages of 20 - 40.
Indus Health Plus Report, Feb 3, 2014, TOI
Cardiovascular diseases effecting women as young as 35…
Mumbai
- an increase in CVD cases between the age brackets of 24-30 years of which 58% of
the total cases were below 40 years of age and 30% were below 30 years.
New Delhi
- Out of 11% coronary heart diseases case, 35% have been observed in women.
- 23% of corporate employees are suffering from CVD.
- Out of 55 per cent, under the age bracket of 20 to 29 years, 15-20% of them are
females.
Reason: drastic lifestyle changes, Insufficient exercise, lack of sleep, poor eating habits
and stress.
Indus Health Plus Report, Feb 3, 2014, TOI
70% of the Urban Indian population at risk of heart disease!
In a three-year-long study conducted in 12 cities across India, it has been
found that :
- 51 % of Mumbaikars have low levels of the heart-protecting high-density
lipoprotein (HDL), also known as ‘good’ cholesterol.
- over 70% of the urban Indian population is at the risk of being diagnosed
with cardiovascular disease.
www.thehealthsite.com Sep 27, 2013
Heart failure in the 21st century: a Cardiogeriatric syndrome.
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is principally a cardiogeriatric syndrome, and it has become a major public health
problem in the 21st century due largely to the aging population. Age-related changes throughout the
cardiovascular system in combination with the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases at older age
predispose older adults to the development of CHF. Features that distinguish CHF at advanced age from CHF
occurring during middle age include an increasing proportion of women, a shift from coronary heart disease
to hypertension as the most common etiology, and the high percentage of cases that occur in the setting of
preserved left ventricular systolic function. Although the pharmacotherapy of CHF is similar in older and
younger patients, the presence of multiple comorbidities in older patients mandates a multidisciplinary
approach to care. Manifest CHF is associated with a poor prognosis, especially in elderly persons, and there is
an urgent need to develop more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of this increasingly
common disorder to reduce the individual and societal burden of this devastating illness in the decades
ahead.
• Rich MW J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001 Feb;56(2):M88-96.
Additional genetic and lifestyle-related risk factors
High amount of Lipoprotein (a)
High amount of homocysteine
High amount of high sensitivity CRP
Abdominal Obesity
Metabolic Syndrome
DNA (BETA) June 12, 2015
Source: Cardiovascular diseases in India: Challenges and way ahead (ASSOCHAM, India International Heart Protection Summit September 2011 www.deloitte.com/in)
The Power of Prevention
Although chronic diseases are among the most
common and costly of all health problems, good news
is that they are also among the most preventable.
Prevention: Change of Policy
The development agencies, nongovernmental
organizations, and governments work toward two essential
goals:
- Creating environments that promote heart-healthy
lifestyle
- Building public health infrastructure and health systems
Prevention: Awareness
Creating awareness about preventive healthcare
Understanding preventative care requirements of
women.
Prevention: Life style modifications
Exercises, maintaining normal wt, managing obesity
Cutting down on consumption of alcohol, tobacco and greasy food
Load up on veggies and fruits, Reduce intake of saturated and trans-
fats
Reduce salt and sugar intake
Avoiding smoking
Engaging in stress bursting activities
Proper sleep
Prevention…
Preventive health check-ups
Early detection of diseases
Keeping hypertension and cholesterol under control
Getting more people to cardiac rehabilitation
ReferencesCardiovascular diseases in India: Challenges and way ahead (ASSOCHAM,
India International Heart Protection Summit September 2011
www.deloitte.com/in)
The burden of cardiovascular disease in the Indian subcontinent, Abhinav
Goyal & Salim Yusuf, Indian J Med Res 124, September 2006, pp 235-244Top
10 advances in heart disease and stroke science American Heart
Association/American Stroke Association Top 10 Research Report, January
02, 2014
Coronary Heart Disease Epidemiology in the 21st Century Labarthe DR.
Epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular disease, a global perspective.
Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc, 2011.
References…
World Health Organization. Global status report on non-communicable diseases. 2010.
http://www.who.int nmh/publications/ncd_report2010/en/ (accessed Sep 2013).
Fuster V. Elucidation of the role of plaque instability and rupture in acute coronary events.
Am J Cardiol 1995;76, 24C-33C.
Patal SS, Cohn JN, Willerson JT. Handbook of cardiovascular clinical trials. New York, NY:
Churchill Livingstone, 1997.
The challenge of cardiovascular disease in developing economies, 2ND EDITION,
DECEMBER 2014
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in India and it is economic impact- A review,
Shraddha Chauhan, Dr. Bani Tamber Aeri, International Journal of Scientific and Research
Publications, Volume 3, Issue 10, October 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153 www.ijsrp.org