Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

And Transcription

Warm-up:

Try to figure out the letters corresponding to the code below: CODE: 9-11-14-15-23-2-9-15

Use the same de-coding method to fill in the blank using CODE 2 and 3. CODE 2: 3-5-14-20-18-1-12 CODE 3: 4-15-7-13-1 Today we will be learning about ___________ _________

How did you do that?! Other than because you’re so amazing!... Write down the mental steps you had to take to figure out that code.

Code Breaking Activity

Objective: To break the code onto a sheet of paper as a group and translate the broken code to a series of pictures in order as fast as you can. Turn this code in to Quanina to finish the activity.

Guidelines:

1. Everybody participates

2. No talking; gestures and hand movements are okay

3. 60 seconds to consult with team on roles and game plan before activity

Code Breaking Activity

Breaking the code:

Code alternates between letter and number

Letters and numbers correspond to a series of 3 letter words

If given a “letter” choose the next letter in the alphabet.

If given a number choose the letter from the alphabet that corresponds to the number

Example:

N-1-S-3-*-16

Corresponds to

O-A-T-C-A-P

Which are the words “oat” and

“cap”

NOTE: * means A

Code Breaking Activity

Breaking the code:

Code alternates between letter and number

Letters and numbers correspond to a series of 3 letter words

If given a “letter” choose the next letter in the alphabet.

If given a number choose the letter from the alphabet that corresponds to the number

Practice Problem:

L 9 W

Practice Problem Answer:

MIX

Code Breaking Activity

Wrap-Up: Pass in the transcribed code along with the translated pictures

Central Dogma Notes

DO NOT DRAW DIAGRAM

Transcription

DNA Transcription is the process of making a complementary RNA copy of a sequence (section) of DNA

Transcription is similar to DNA replication except DNA is copied to make more DNA

Transcription: DNA RNA

Video

Transcription Basic: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MfSYnItYvg

Markers

Transcription In Eukaryotes:

Eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus

Eukaryotic Transcription Step 1:

Eukaryotic Transcription Step 2: Elongation

Eukaryotic Transcription Step 3: Termination

Eukaryotic Transcription Step 4: Post Transcriptional Modification

Initiation

Transcription In Eukaryotes:

Transcription In Eukaryotes: Initiation

Gene

Template strand and Coding Strand

Promoter region and Termination point

Introns and Exons

Transcription In Eukaryotes: Initiation

Step 1a: Transcription factors (proteins) bind together on the promoter region to form a transcription initiation complex.

Step 1b: RNA polymerase binds the transcription initiation complex.

Transcription In Eukaryotes: Elongation

Step 2a: RNA polymerase starts moving along the template strand from 5’ to 3’ adding free RNA to make mRNA.

Transcription In Eukaryotes: Transcription

Step 3a: RNA polymerase stops at a termination codon or a poly-A site.

Transcription In Eukaryotes: Post-transcriptional Modification

Spliceosome cuts out introns

5’ cap and Poly-A tail helps stabilize mRNA

Advanced Video

Advanced Transcription: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMtWvDbfHLo

Simple to Understand: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsofH466lqk

Transcription In Prokaryotes

Prokaryotic Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm

Transcription In Prokaryotes

Prokaryotic Transcription Step 1: InitiationProkaryotic Transcription Step 2: ElongationProkaryotic Transcription Step 3: Termination

Transcription in Prokaryotes: Initiation

A sigma factor (a type of protein) binds to RNA polymerase. This allows RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter region.

Transcription In Prokaryotes: Elongation

RNA polymerase starts moving along the template strand from 5’ to 3’ adding free RNA to make mRNA.

mRNA is immediately transcribed to a protein as mRNA is made

Transcription In Prokaryotes: Termination

RNA polymerase stops at a termination codon or when a rho protein catches up to RNA polymerase.