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Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER 13
Nutrition for Adults:
Early, Middle, and Later Years
Eleanor D. Schlenker
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2
Adulthood: Continuing Growth
and Development
Aging Across the Life Cycle
Aging begins at the moment of conception and
continues until death
All periods of life have their unique potential and
fulfillment
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3
Adulthood: Continuing Growth
and Development – Cont’d
Aging Across the Life Cycle – cont’d
Two important considerations govern the
physiologic, psychosocial, and nutritional needs
across the adult years:
1. The individual
2. The total life
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4
Adulthood: Continuing Growth
and Development – Cont’d
Aging in America
Changes in population and available technology
are affecting the personal and working lives of
adults in the United States and around the world
This generation must cope with the costs of
educating their children while caring for their
aging parents
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5
Adulthood: Continuing Growth
and Development – Cont’d
Many factors shape the path of adult
development
Physical
Socioeconomic
Psychosocial
Nutritional
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6
Adulthood: Continuing Growth
and Development – Cont’d
Physical Characteristics
Cell replication: forming new cells to replace old
ones and maintain body structure and function
At older ages physical growth gradually declines
as cells are lost more rapidly than they can be
replaced
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7
Adulthood: Continuing Growth
and Development – Cont’d
Socioeconomic Status
Many adults experience changes in resources
as they move through early, middle, and later
adulthood
Financial pressures at any life stage influence
food security and the availability of healthcare
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8
Adulthood: Continuing Growth
and Development – Cont’d
Psychosocial Development
Three developmental tasks of psychosocial
growth characterize the adult years:
1. Young adults develop intimacy and expand
relationships outside of their parents and siblings
2. Middle adults pursue creative expression or
explore new career direction
3. Older adults seek fulfillment and strength of
purpose
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9
Adulthood: Continuing Growth
and Development – Cont’d
Nutritional Needs
Nutrient needs remain important even after
maturation and physical growth are complete
Nutrient requirements remain dynamic
throughout life according to age, physical activity,
lifestyle, illness, chronic disease, or pregnancy
and lactation
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10
Adult Stages
Young Adult: 19 to 45 Years
Physical characteristics
Body functions are fully developed with sexual
maturation and reproductive capacity
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Young Adult: 19 to 45 Years – cont’d
Socioeconomic status
Households are established, and individuals may
take on the parenting role
The changing work environment can bring
difficulty in meeting the life tasks of education,
work, and family
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Young Adult: 19 to 45 Years – cont’d
Psychosocial development
If positive development is achieved, the individual
can build on personal relationships leading to self-
fulfillment
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Young Adult: 19 to 45 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Energy
Needs tend to continue to decrease with age
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for
active men ages 19 to 30 is about 3000 kcal/day
RDA for active women ages 19 to 30 is 2400
kcal/day
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Young Adult: 19 to 45 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Energy – cont’d
RDA for active men ages 31 to 50 is about 2900
kcal/day
RDA for active women ages 31 to 50 is about
2300 kcal/day
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Young Adult: 19 to 45 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Protein
RDA is 56 g/day for young men
RDA is 46 g/day for young women
An additional 25 g/day is required during
pregnancy and lactation
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Young Adult: 19 to 45 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Minerals
Young adults need 1000 mg of calcium
RDA for iron is 18 mg/day for women of child-
bearing age and 8 mg/day for young men
The iron requirement in pregnancy is 27 mg/day
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Young Adult: 19 to 45 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Vitamins
Intakes of certain vitamins are less than optimal in
many young adults
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Middle Adult: 45 to 65 Years
Physical characteristics
Decline in skeletal muscle mass and muscle
strength, a condition called sarcopenia, meaning
“vanishing flesh”
Most persons increase in body fat
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Middle Adult: 45 to 65 Years – cont’d
Psychosocial development
Focus is on family, grandchildren, community
Some experience the “empty nest”
More opportunities to expand personal horizons
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Middle Adult: 45 to 65 Years – cont’d
Socioeconomic status
Shifts in the nature of employment can bring job
loss for workers at all levels of responsibility
Displaced workers may seek out new educational
opportunities or workforce training for new careers
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Middle Adult: 45 to 65 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs
Energy needs decline
Waist circumference can increase
Calcium intake assumes special importance
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Middle Adult: 45 to 65 Years – cont’d
Food habits
In current surveys fat provides 33% of total
kilocalories (kcalories or kcal), and saturated fat
more than 11%
Salty snacks and desserts add up to almost 13%
of total kcalories
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Middle Adult: 45 to 65 Years – cont’d
Chronic diseases
Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer
often develop in this stage of life
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has
helped to fuel the rise in diabetes
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Middle Adult: 45 to 65 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs
Energy needs continue to decline
Protein needs remain the same 56 g/day for men
46 g/day for women
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Middle Adult: 45 to 65 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Minerals
Calcium needs rise to 1200 mg/day for adults over
age 50
Iron needs drop to 8 mg/day for women after
menopause
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 26
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Middle Adult: 45 to 65 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Vitamins
Vitamin D needs rise to 10 µg/day (400 IU) for
adults ages 51 to 70
Vitamin B6 needs increase for both men and
women
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 27
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years
Physical characteristics
Chronic diseases such as osteoarthritis, heart
disease, pulmonary disease, and diabetes may
limit physical activity
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 28
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Physiologic changes influence nutritional
status:
Body composition
Cardiovascular system
Renal system
Respiratory system
Gastrointestinal system
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 29
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Psychosocial development
Requires continuing adaptation to new challenges
as physical abilities decline and emotional
supports are lost
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 30
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Socioeconomic status
Older adults usually enter retirement on a fixed
income
Financial resources influence nutrient intake, and
lower-income older people have poorer diets than
higher-income older people
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 31
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Energy
A physically active 65-year-old man weighing 77
kg needs about 2600 kcal/day
A physically active woman of this age weighing 57
kg needs about 2100 kcal/ day
Beyond age 70 there are further declines in
energy expenditure
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 32
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Protein
RDA is 56 g/day for men and 46 g/day for women
(same as for younger adults)
Health status may change protein needs
Low energy intake may influence utilization of
dietary protein
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 33
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Minerals
The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for calcium
rises from 1000 mg to 1200 mg for persons over
age 50
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 34
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Nutritional needs: Vitamins
Vitamin B6 is used less efficiently by the older
adult, so the RDA is higher
The DRI for Vitamin D is 10 g (400 IU) for those
ages 51 to 70 and 15 g (600 IU) for persons over
age 70
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 35
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Food intake
Likely problem is unwanted weight loss with
increasing frailty and disability
Energy intake continues to decline
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 36
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Food intake – cont’d
Increasing fat intake to the upper end of the
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
(AMDR) may help to stem weight loss
Nonfood calcium rises with over half of this age-
group using either calcium supplements or
calcium-containing antacids
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 37
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Chronic diseases
Elevated blood pressure increases vulnerability to
heart attack or stroke
Paralysis affecting speech, mobility, movement, or
loss of some degree of cognitive function often
results from a stroke
Deaths from cancer rise in older age-groups
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 38
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Older Adult: 65 to 85 Years – cont’d
Interest in health improvement
Older adults are an important target audience for
health education
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 39
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Oldest-Old: 85 Years and Older
Population Projections
U.S. Census Bureau developed the following
three categories:
1. The young-old: ages 65 through 74 years
2. The old-old: ages 75 through 84 years
3. The oldest-old: ages 85 years and older
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 40
Adult Stages – Cont’d
Oldest-Old: 85 Years and Older – cont’d
Nutritional needs
As persons continue to age, they become less
efficient in nutrient absorption and utilization
Nutrient stores undergo rapid loss in acute
illness or long-term disease
We know very little about the interactions between
the aging process and chronic disease and how they
might influence nutritional needs
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 41
The Aging Process
The Study of Gerontology
The field of gerontology includes the biologic,
physiologic, sociologic, and behavioral
aspects of the aging process as they play out
in each individual
Geriatrics: refers to the diseases and medical
conditions common to older people
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 42
The Aging Process – Cont’d
Length of Life
Life expectancy of Americans at birth has
increased from 49 years to 77 years
Lowering the infant death rate and the
development of antibiotics and effective
public health practices reduced the early
deaths of young adults, effectively increasing
life expectancy at birth
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 43
The Aging Process – Cont’d
Length of Life – cont’d
Life expectancy at older ages is influenced by
environmental factors such as pollution and
personal lifestyle including diet, smoking
habits, alcohol use, or activity level
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 44
The Aging Process – Cont’d
Quality of Life
Average healthcare costs for adults ages 65
to 74 are $8297 per year
These costs increase to $18,353 for those
ages 85 and older
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 45
The Aging Process – Cont’d
Quality of Life – cont’d
Researchers are studying both the nature
and rate of physiologic aging, looking for
possible means of slowing or preventing
these changes and related diseases
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 46
Biologic Changes in Aging
Nature of Biologic Changes
By the age of 70:
The kidneys will have lost about 28% of their weight
The liver will have lost approximately 25% of its
weight
Skeletal muscle will have decreased by almost half,
as compared to a young adult
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 47
Biologic Changes in Aging – Cont’d
Individuality of the Aging Process
Lifestyle choices, disease history, and
exposure to environmental hazards or
pollution act on genes to determine the rate
and severity of aging changes
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 48
Biologic Changes in Aging – Cont’d
Individuality of the Aging Process – cont’d
Because each person experiences a different set
of these influences over a lifetime, persons age at
different rates; thus older people of the same
chronologic age are very different from each
other, whereas young children of the same age
are biologically very much alike
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 49
Adult Health
Food Intake for Optimal Function
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans and
MyPyramid emphasize moderation and
variety and provide an outline for food
selection
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 50
Adult Health – Cont’d
Physical Activity for Optimal Function
Two types of physical activity promote fitness
and well-being:
1. Endurance exercise
2. Resistance exercise
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 51
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults
Maintaining Energy Intake
Daily energy needs range from 1600 to 2200
kcal for women and 2000 to 2800 kcal for men
Chronic conditions common in older adults tend
to increase energy needs
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 52
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults – Cont’d
Maintaining Energy Intake – cont’d
For persons above age 59 underweight carries
greater risk than moderate overweight
Geriatric physicians recommend that older
adults maintain a body mass index (BMI) of 22
or higher
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 53
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults – Cont’d
Planning an Adequate Diet
Carbohydrates
Persons of all ages should obtain 45% to 65% of
their total energy from carbohydrates
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 54
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults – Cont’d
Planning an Adequate Diet – cont’d
Fats
Fat intake is best contained within the range
of 20% to 35% of total kcalories; including fat
at the upper end of the range may help to
prevent weight loss when food intake is low
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 55
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults – Cont’d
Planning an Adequate Diet – cont’d
Protein
Current RDA of 0.8 g/kg body weight may not
be sufficient for frail or chronically ill older
adults
Overall, 10% to 35% of total kcalories should
be supplied by good-quality protein
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 56
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults – Cont’d
Vitamins
Vitamins of special importance to the aging
adult:
Folate
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 57
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults – Cont’d
Minerals and Electrolytes
In planning diets for older adults, the following
require particular attention:
Calcium
Potassium
Sodium
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 58
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults – Cont’d
Water
Dehydration is a concern for both healthy and
chronically ill older adults
Older adults experience a change in the thirst
center of the brain and do not become thirsty as
they should
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 59
Nutritional Needs of Older Adults – Cont’d
Water – cont’d
The general fluid requirement of 1500 ml/day
increases when either the outside or inside
temperature rises
High protein intakes will increase the need for
fluids
Monitoring fluid intake is especially important for
older persons who cannot drink or obtain fluids
without help
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 60
Nutrient Supplementation
Older adults with low energy intakes can
benefit from prudent, individually assessed
supplementation
May be needed to replenish losses following
critical or debilitating illness
Should be based on an individual
assessment and advice of a healthcare
professional
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 61
Influences on Food Intake
of Older Adults
Physical Changes
Decayed teeth, tooth loss, or poorly fitting
dentures all make chewing and eating both
painful and difficult
Losses in taste, smell, or sight reduce the
enjoyment of eating and lower appetite
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 62
Influences on Food Intake
of Older Adults – Cont’d
Multiple Medications
Can lower food intake by producing
Anorexia
Nausea
Unpleasant taste
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 63
Influences on Food Intake
of Older Adults – Cont’d
Psychosocial Distress
Emotional loss arising from the death of a
spouse or physical separation from family and
friends causing depression can lead to
disinterest in food
Alcohol sometimes displaces food in the diet
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 64
Influences on Food Intake
of Older Adults – Cont’d
Economic Problems
Lack of resources to purchase the quantity or
quality of food they should have
Chronic Illness and Disability
Food shopping and meal preparation can be
difficult or impossible with some physical
disabilities
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 65
Clinical Applications
Medical Nutrition Therapy
Under certain circumstances a medically indicated
diet may be appropriate; however, the greater the
restriction the more likely the rejection of the food
offered and consequent weight loss
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 66
Clinical Applications – Cont’d
Medical Nutrition Therapy – cont’d
Older persons with diabetes can often be well
managed on a regular diet if high-sugar items
are restricted
A regular diet—well-balanced nutritionally—
that offers a wide variety of foods with
moderation in fats and sweets has the best
outcomes
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 67
Clinical Applications – Cont’d
Support Programs for Self-Care
Expand knowledge about a condition and its
management, build emotional support, and
work with the individual and family to promote
creative decision making
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 68
Community Resources
for the Aging
Food Assistance Programs for Older
Americans
Food stamps
Commodities distribution program
Elderly Nutrition Program: national program with
the greatest impact on the nutritional status of
older adults
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 69
Food Assistance Programs
Elderly Nutrition Program
Funded under the Older Americans Act and
managed by the Administration on Aging
First authorized in 1972
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 70
Food Assistance Programs – Cont’d
Elderly Nutrition Program – cont’d
Intended to meet both the nutritional and
social needs of older adults
Operates in all 50 states and provides various
nutrition services based on local needs and
the funds available
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 71
Government Research
and Education Services
Research Centers of the United States
Department of Agriculture
Authorized by Congress to study the role of
nutrition in the aging process and help us learn
more about nutritional requirements at older
ages
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 72
Government Research
and Education Services – Cont’d
Extension Services of the United States
Department of Agriculture
Provide nutrition education classes and practical
nutrition materials for older adults and
community workers
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 73
Government Research
and Education Services – Cont’d
State Public Health Departments
Provide nutrition education and oversee nutrition
and health screening of older people in the
community
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 74
Government Research
and Education Services – Cont’d
State Departments for the Aging
Area agencies on aging manage congregate
and home-delivered meals programs on the
local level under the guidelines of the state unit
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 75
Professional Organizations
and Resources
National Council on the Aging
Nonprofit organization that promotes research,
training, technical assistance, advocacy and
public policy, program standards, and
publications relating to all aspects of aging
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 76
Professional Organizations
and Resources – Cont’d
American Geriatrics Society
Made up of physicians who provide medical care
to older patients
The Gerontological Society
Includes a wide range of health and social
service professionals
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 77
Professional Organizations
and Resources – Cont’d
Volunteer Health Organizations
Organizations such as the American Heart
Association and the American Diabetes
Association
Support health and nutrition programs of interest
to older adults
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 78
Professional Organizations
and Resources – Cont’d
Community Groups
Medical societies, nursing organizations, and
dietetic associations
Sponsor classes and programs to help meet the
needs of older adults in their communities