Upload
kevinyocum4
View
63
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Chapter16 - Lympatic and Immune Systems
Citation preview
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Chapter 16
The Lymphatic and The Lymphatic and Immune SystemsImmune Systems
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Functions of the lymphatic Functions of the lymphatic systemsystem
Maintenance of fluid balance Absorption of fats Immunity
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Lymphatic vesselsLymphatic vessels
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Which is not a function of the lymphatic system?
A.Maintenance of fluid balanceB.Absorption of fatsC.Maintenance of body temperatureD.Immunity
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The lymphatic system plays no role in the maintenance of body temperature.
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
View animation of flow of through lymphatic system
Lymph node
Lymphatic trunk
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Collecting ductsCollecting ducts
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Lymphatic organsLymphatic organs Red bone marrow Thymus Lymph nodes Tonsils Spleen
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
What forms the basis of lymphatic fluid?
A.Tissue fluid left behind after capillary exchangeB.Secretions of lymph nodesC.Secretions from the cells lining lymphatic capillariesD.Plasma
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Correct answer: A
Rationale:Lymphatic fluid results from tissue fluid left behind after capillary exchange.
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
ThymusThymus
View animation of maturing and training of lymphocytes in thymus
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Lymph nodesLymph nodes
Fibrous capsule
Trabeculae
Cortical nodules
Germinal centers
Sinuses
Afferent lymphatic vessel
Efferent lymphatic vessel
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
TonsilsTonsils
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids)
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
SpleenSpleen
White pulp
Red pulp
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Spleen functionsSpleen functions Immunity Destruction of old red blood cells Blood storage Hematopoiesis
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
In which lymphatic organ do T cells mature?
A.Red bone marrowB.TonsilsC.SpleenD.Thymus
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Correct answer: D
Rationale:T cells evolve from stem cells in red bone marrow, but they leave the bone marrow before maturity. Both the tonsils and spleen are lymphatic organs, but they play no role in T cell maturity.
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Immune systemImmune systemThree lines of defenseThree lines of defense
First: External barriers Second: Nonspecific immunity Third: Specific immunity
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Nonspecific immunityNonspecific immunity Phagocytosis Antimicrobial proteins Natural killer cells Inflammation Fever
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
View animation of phagocytosis
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Types of phagocytesTypes of phagocytes
View animation of chemotaxis
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Antimicrobial proteinsAntimicrobial proteins Interferons Complement system
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
InterferonsInterferons
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Which is an important white blood cell that travels throughout the bloodstream seeking out bacteria?
A.MacrophageB.PhagocyteC.NeutrophilD.Phagosome
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Correct answer: C
Rationale:Macrophages are important white blood cells that remain fixed in strategic areas. Phagocytes are white blood cells that ingest microorganisms. A phagosome is the sac formed around a microorganism when it’s ingested by a phagocyte.
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Complement systemComplement system
View animation of complement system
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Natural killer cellsNatural killer cells Unique group of lymphocytes Roam the body Use several methods to destroy cells
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
InflammationInflammation
View animation of inflammatory response
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
FeverFever1. Neutrophils and macrophages secrete a
pyrogen. 2. Hypothalamus secretes prostaglandin E
(PGE).3. PGE resets body’s temperature set point. 4. The temperature rises. 5. After pathogen is gone, phagocytes stop
producing the pyrogen.6. Temperature set point returns to normal.
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Which statements about nonspecific immunity is not true?
A.It is present from birth.B.It offers protection against a wide variety of threats.C.It uses mechanisms such as inflammation, fever, and phagocytic white blood cells.D.It retains a memory of a pathogen after defeating it.
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Nonspecific immunity does not retain a memory of a pathogen.
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Specific immunitySpecific immunity Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity Humoral (antibody-mediated)
immunity
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
LymphocytesLymphocytes
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
AntibodiesAntibodies
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Types of immunityTypes of immunity ActiveActive: When the body makes its own
antibodies or T cells PassivePassive: When immunity results from
an injection of antibodies from another person or animal
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Classes of immunityClasses of immunity Natural active Artificial active Natural passive Artificial passive
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Cellular immunityCellular immunity Destroys pathogens within a cell Uses three classes of T cells:
Cytotoxic T cells Helper T cells Memory T cells
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
View animation of cellular immunity
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Humoral immunityHumoral immunity Focuses on pathogens outside the
cell Uses antibodies to mark antigen for
later destruction
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
View animation of humoral immunity
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Allergic reactionAllergic reaction Upon first exposure, body produces
IgE. Person is now sensitized. Upon subsequent exposure, allergen
binds to antibodies. Mast cells release histamine.
View animation of allergic reaction
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Which type of immunity uses T cells to destroy pathogens within a cell?
A.Cellular immunityB.Humoral immunityC.Passive immunityD.Nonspecific immunity
Copyright © 2012 F.A. Davis Company
Understanding Anatomy & PhysiologyUnderstanding Anatomy & PhysiologyA Visual, Interactive ApproachA Visual, Interactive Approach
Correct answer: A
Rationale:Humoral immunity focuses on pathogens outside a cell. Passive immunity results after receiving antibodies from another person or animal. Nonspecific immunity uses a variety of mechanisms but does not use T cells.