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transdermal drug delivery system
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METHODS OF PROLONGING DRUG ACTION
Dr.RAGHU PRASADA M SMBBS,MDASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGYSSIMS & RC.
Advantages
Decrease the frequency of administration Improve patient compliance Decrease fluctuation in plasma concentration To maintain drug effects for longer time
Prolong absorption –from site of administration
Oral –sustained release tablets, controlled release tablets
Parenteral- sc and im injection of drugs in insoluble form-benzathine pencillin, lente insulin
Transdermal drug delivery system By increasing plasma protein binding- slow release-
sulfadoxine
Prodrugs
Inactive drug Levodopadopamine Procaine pencillin-G
Transdermal DDSActive ingredient is delivered across the skin for systemic distribution.
Example: transdermal scopolamine, transdermal nitroglycerine,
By retarding rate of metabolism Chemical modification Ethinyl group to estradiol –OCPs Allopurinol—6-Mercaptopurine Ritonavir –boosts level of Indinavir
BY RETARDING RENAL EXCRETIONProbenacid prolongs duration of action of pencillin
Targeted drug delivery systems Colloidal drug carriers
1. micro and nano particles
2. macro molecular complex
3. Liposomes and niosomes
Ligand mediated targeting
1. Vascular compartment
2. Cellular compartment3. Intracellular 4. Monoclonal
antibodies5. Resealed erythrocytes
Liposomes as drug carriers
Liposomes are spherical, self closed structures composed of curved lipid bilayers which entrap part of the solvent, in which they freely float, into their interior. They may consist of one or several concentric membranes; their size ranges from 20 nm to several dozens µm, while thickness of the membrane is around 4 nm.
Special drug delivery systems
Ocuserts –thin epithelial microunits Ex. Pilocarpine occusert-gloucoma
Progestaserts- intrauterine contraceptive device
Drug encapsulated in liposomes for intravenous infusion –Amphotericin B
THANK YOU
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