Clinical features of Gingiva

submitted to :- submitted by :-

Nadia dhiman

Bds 3rd prof

INTRODUCTION • Gingiva is part of oral mucosa that

covers the alveolar processes of jaws and surrounds the neck of the tissue .

• Composed of thin outer epithelium and underlying connective tissue .

• Consist of four anatomical portions – Gingival sulcus , Free gingiva,

Interdental gingiva and attached gingiva .

• Texture of Gingiva – healthy gums have stippled ,translucent appearance.

- orange peel appearance .

• Colour of Gingiva-coral pink -depends on the thickness and degree of

keratinization of epithelium, blood flow to gingiva ,disease and medication ,natural pigmentation.

• Contour of Gingiva-scalloped and knife edge margin .

• Size of Gingiva-correspong with sum total of the bulk of cellular and intercellular elements and their vascular supply.

ANATOMIC LANDMARKS OF THE GINGIVA

GINGIVAL SULCUS

• Its a V shaped notch .

• Bounded by surface of tooth on one side and epithelium lining the free margin of gingiva on the other side.

• Clinical evaluation used to determine the depth of gingival sulcus is throw

metallic instrument called peridontal probe

• Probing or clinical probing depth is depth of penetration of probe and it is 2-3mm in normal

gingival sulcus in humans .

• In histological section depth is 1.8mm with variation from 0-6mm.

MARGINAL GINGIVA

• Also called as free or unattached gingiva .• Surrounds the tooth in collarlike/cufflike

manner.• Characteristic – fits closely around but not

directly attached to the tooth-also form soft tissue wall

of the gingival sulcus.• It is 1mm wide .

• Free Gingiva is demarcated from adjacent attached gingiva by shallow linear depression that follows the Contour of the tooth called ‘ marginal groove ’.

•it can be separated from tooth surface by peridontal probe .

ATTACHED GINGIVA • Part of gingiva tightly connected to periosteum

of alveolar bone .• Lies between the two movable tissue .• Colour- pale -pigmented in dark skinned individuals.

• Width- widest in incisor and molar region and narrowest in premolar region .

• Premolar= maxilla-1.9mm mandible-1.8mm.

INTERDENTAL GINGIVA

• It occupies the gingival embrasure .• Gingival embrasure is the interproximal

space beneath the area of tooth contact .

•It is of two shape pyramidal and ‘’col’’ shape .•‘’col’’ is a valley like depression that connects a facial and lingual papilla .

• ‘’col’’ in various types of contacts .

• The shape of interdental gingiva depends on the contact point between the two adjoining teeth and presence or absence of some degree of recession .

Interdental col in normal gingiva –mandibular anterior segment,facial and buccolingual views.

Interdental col after gingival recession.

• In diastema,the gingiva is firmly bound over the interdental bone and the interdental papilla will be absent.

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