COMMON TYPES OF URINARY ALTERATIONS

ANILKUMAR BR

LECTURER MSN

Dedicated to Him.....

Urgency

– Feeling of need to void immediately

Cause of urinary urgency

– Full bladder– Infection and irritation of the bladder– Hyperactive bladder– Psychological stress

Dysuria

– Painful or difficult urination

Causes if dysuria

– Inflammation of the bladder– Trauma or inflammation if urethral

sphincter

Frequency

– Voiding at frequent intervals (less than 2 hrs)

Causes of urinary frequency

– High amount of fluid intake– Bladder inflammation– Increased pressure in bladder – Diuretic medications therapy

Hesitancy

– Difficulty initiating urination

Causes if hesitancy

– BPH– Anxiety– Urethral edema

Polyuria

– Voiding or passing large amount of urine

Causes of polyuria

– Large amounts of fluid intake– Diabetes mellitus ( DM)– Diabetes insipedus– Using of diuretic medications

Oliguria

– Decreased urinary output less than 400 ml/24 hrs

Causes of oliguria

– Severe dehydration– Renal failure– UTI– Increased ADH secretion– CHF

Nocturia

– Voiding one or more times especially at night

Causes of nocturia

– Large amount of fluid intake before going to bed– Renal disease– Aging process– BPH

Dribbling

– Leakage if urine despite voluntary control of urination

Causes of dribbling

– Stress incontinence– Over flow from urinary retention

Incontinence

– Involuntary loss of urine

Causes if incontinence

– Loss if pelvic muscle tone– Fecal impaction– Neurological impairment– Overactive bladder

Hematuria

– Blood in urine

Retention

– Accumulation of urine in the bladder,with inability if bladder to empty fully

Causes of retention

– Urethral obstruction– Decreased sensory activity– Neurogenic bladder– BPH– Post anesthesia effects– Medications side effects

Residual urine

– Volume if urine remaining after voiding more than 100ml

Causes

– Inflammation and irritation if bladder mucosa from infection

– Neurogenic bladder– BPH– Trauma and inflammation of the urethra

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