DEVELOPMENTS IN TOXICOLOGY SUPPORT FOR THE DRE COMMUNITY

Barry K Logan PhD, DABFT

National Director of Forensic Services

NMS Labs

NMS Labs made a long term commitment to support the DRE program through the development of specially targeted tests, the most up-to-date test menu, and innovations in test design and service.

We are committed to quality and forensic defensibility through accreditation and analytical practices that exceed regulatory requirements.

Welcome

Oral Fluid Drug Testing for DRE

NMS Labs and Dräger Safety Diagnostics are proud to announce a partnership formed to deliver the Total Oral Fluid Drug Testing Solution – comprising: Field OF Drug Screen Sample Collection and Shipping Supplies Targeted LCTOF Confirmation Online Results One Price, One Invoice

Welcome

Oral Fluid Least invasive collection. No time delay for collection. On-site testing capability. Targeting parent drug for detection. Drugs are stable at room temperature. Well suited to DRE program or per se States. Ideal for routine arrests, checkpoints, and emphasis patrols.

OF Drug Testing

2004 Australian states begin random roadside oral fluid testing.

2005 ROSITA II report issued. Not ready for forensic implementation Limited sensitivity Operator dependent Poor QC in manufacturing

History of OF Drug Testing

2006 DRUID Project begins 2009 “ESTHER” report issued.

Evaluation of oral fluid Screening devices by TISPOL to Harmonise European police Requirements.

16 Devices evaluated The Dräger Drug Test 5000, was qualified as promising from a practical police

perspective to be used during daily traffic law enforcement activities. Suitable for use in police vehicles.

History of OF Drug Testing

DUID Oral Fluid UseBelgium:

saliva screening, blood/saliva confirmation

Australia:saliva screening

(2x), saliva confirmation

Germany:saliva/urine

testing, blood confirmation

UK:FST, blood

sampling; no device being

used

France:saliva screening,

blood confirmation

Switzerland:Approved for

use

DUID Oral Fluid UseOF Specifically Approved in:

AlabamaArizona

ColoradoIndianaKansas

LouisianaMissouri

New YorkNorth CarolinaNorth Dakota

OhioOregon

South DakotaUtah

Making OF Testing work for DRE Reliable Roadside/Portable Test

Targeted to DRE priority drugs Sensitive Non-subjective Documentable

Laboratory Confirmation Integrated with screen wrt scope and sensitivity Validated for collection devices Works well with limited sample volume

Dräger Drug Test 5000 Field Test Included Amphetamine/Methamphetamine Cocaine Opiate Cannabinoids Benzodiazepines Methadone

Quantisal® Collection Device included Collects 1mL of OF in the field Ships to NMS Labs

Total OF Drug Test Solution

Total OF Drug Test Solution

NMS Labs LCTOF Confirmation Included

Amps Benzos Opiates Cocaine Methadone

Cannabs

Amphetamine Diazepam Codeine Benzoylecgonine

Methadone

THC

Methamphetamine

Nordiazepam Morphine Cocaine EDDP THC-COOH

MDMA Oxazepam Hydrocodone

Cocaethylene

MDA Temazepam 6-MAM

Chlordiazepoxide

Hydromorphone

Lorazepam Oxycodone

Clonazepam Oxymorphone

Alprazolam Dihydrocodeine

Midazolam

Comparing the Dräger scope to the positives from the DRE program, ~70% of the potentially impairing drug positives would cross-react.

Since many cases are polydrug, case positive rate will likely be higher.

Cut-offs targeted to match Dräger Drug Test 5000, and exceed proposed workplace guidelines.

Total OF Drug Test Solution

Drugs missed would include PCP, and some prescription medications (tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, muscle relaxants, barbiturates).

Less significant misses: SSRIs. With significant impairment and a negative field

drug test, blood draw should be considered.

Limitations and Solutions

Complements Existing NMS Labs Tests

8070B (Blood) Drug Impaired Driving/DRE Toxicology Panel (with Alcohol)

8070U (Urine) Drug Impaired Driving/DRE Toxicology Panel (with Alcohol)

8071B (Blood) Drug Impaired Driving/DRE Toxicology Panel

8071U (Urine) Drug Impaired Driving/DRE Toxicology Panel

Complements Existing DRE Tests

Fast TAT Proactive Customer Support Newly Revised Reference Comments New Forensic Report Format Fast Access to Results Reports Online Quality Backed by ABFT and ISO

accreditation

Complements Existing NMS Labs Tests

Rx & Therapeutic Drugs or Metabolites Hallucinogens Inhalants 1,1 Difluoroethane (DFE) Piperazine Designer Drugs Panel Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) Salvinorin A & B Synthetic Cannabinoids Designer Stimulants (“Bath Salts”)

Designer Drugs and Synthetics

Designer Drugs “Bath Salts”

• “Novelty Items”• “Bath Salts”

– Water softening agents, epsom salts, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, amino acid blend, naturally occuring trace elements and minerals.

– Mephedrone or MDPV

Available Designer Drug Tests

2623B Mephedrone & MDPV Designer Stimulants, Blood

2623U Mephedrone & MDPV Designer Stimulants, Urine

Available Designer Drug Tests

MBDB 2C-B 2C-I 2C-T-7 BZP TFMPP Cathinone

Mephedrone 4-

methylmethcathinone Salvinorin B AMT DMT 5-MeO-DIPT 2-C-B-fly bromo-dragon fly

8755B/U Hallucinogens Panel (Expanded) includes:

30 more in development!

Available Designer Drug Tests

2C-B 2C-D 2C-E 2C-H 2C-I 2C-N 2C-P 2C-T-2 2C-T-4

As Special Request: Methcathinone Buphedrone Flephedrone Methedrone 4-

methylethcathinone 4-

methylmethcathinone

3,4-DMMC 3-FMC Methylone Ethylone Butylone Pentylone

Pyrovalerone α-

Pyrrolidinopentiophenone

Naphyrone

Designer Synthetic Cannabinoids

• Cannabis-like effects.• With paranoia,

hypertension, seizures, agitation, and psychosis.

• First Wave:• JWH-018• JWH-073• JWH-019• JWH-250

• 9560B Synthetic Cannabinoids Screen, Blood (Forensic) Test

N

O

JWH-018

Syn Cann: DRE Case

State College, PA Driving

Male, 21 yo

Five hits “Mr Nice Guy Incense”

two hours prior, in a blunt

Admits 20mg Zyprexa

one hour prior

Minor one car crash into curb

Toxicology (Blood) Behavioral

Olanzapine

JWH-018

10ng/mL

5ng/mL

Subject has slurred speech, slow and low

Unsteady on feet

States he can hardly stand

Fell asleep during evaluation

Eyes rolled back in his head

Poor coordination

Cooperative

DRE Opinion

CNS Depressant/Cannabis

Syn Cann: DRE Case

State College, PA Physiological

Male, 21 yo

Five hits “Mr Nice Guy Incense”

two hours prior, in a blunt

Admits 20mg Zyprexa

one hour prior

HGN

VGN

LOC

Pulse

BP

Eyes

Pupil size

Temp.

All six clues, immediate onset

Present

Present

86 BPM

108/54

Bloodshot

Dilated

101

Toxicology (Blood) SFST

Olanzapine

JWH-018

10ng/mL

5ng/mL

OLS Unable to perform

WAT Unable to performDRE Opinion

CNS Depressant/Cannabis FTN Unable to perform

Designer Synthetic Cannabinoids

• Newly Expanded Scope!• 9560B Synthetic Cannabinoids

Screen, Blood (Forensic) Test• JWH-018• JWH-019• JWH-073• JWH-250

• JWH-081• JWH-122• JWH-200• JWH-210• RCS-4• RCS-8• AM-694• AM-2201

Designer Synthetic Cannabinoids

• Urine Tests• NMS Labs

first to announce true metabolites of:• JWH-018• JWH-073• JWH-019• JWH-250• AM-2201

• New Tests Coming Soon.

Side chain hydroxylation

Indole ring hydroxylation

Pedigreed positive sample

5.62

5.67

5.97

6.24

6.34

6.55

6.55

N

O

OH

N

O

OH

N

O

OH

N

O

OH

N

O

OH

N

O

OH

N

OOH

6.27

N

OOH

F

O

PQ

D

C

E

B

JWH-018 monohydroxy metabolites

Thank You!

www.NMSLabs.com

www.draeger.com