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Mycoplasma hyosynoviae:Field Experience in Grow-Finish
PopulationsMegan Schnur, DVM
Carthage Veterinary Service
Monday, September 19th, 2016Allen D. Leman Swine Conference
Saint Paul River Center
Overview
• Background• Prevalence and Clinical Signs • Production Impact• Control Strategy and Results• Final Thoughts
Differential Diagnoses
• Muscle damage• OCD• Trauma• Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (MHS)• Mycoplasma hyorhinis• Erysipelas• Glässer’s disease• Vesicular diseases
M. hyosynoviae
• Ubiquitous• Variable clinical expression
Colonization
- Upper respiratory tract- Incubation phase ≥4 days- ≥4-8 weeks of age
Acute Phase
- Joint/tissue spread- 1-2 weeks
Subacute/Chronic Phase
- Arthritis- 3-16 weeks post-exposure
Diagnosis of MHS
Diagnosis of MHS
• Clinically lame• Detection of organism in joint fluid, • And synovial tissue microscopic lesions
– Similar detection rates among hock and stifle joints
• ISU preferred samples– Joint fluid > Joint swabs/tissue (synovium)
MHS Oral Fluid PCR
• Nasal/pharyngeal secretions and lungs – Healthy pigs
• Sensitive: – Colonization ≠ infection– Detection ≠ clinical
• Tonsil stress/predisposing factors (??) systemic spread joint localization arthritis
Case Study: “Farm B”
“Farm B” Layout• 6400 head breed-to-wean site
– PRRS, PED negative– Flu vaccinated/stable– Myco vaccinated/stable
• Replacement gilts received q 4 weeks– Multiplier/Source farm: PIC maternal x 1010 semen– 3 weeks of age at weaning
• Vaccines: PCV2 and Ileitis at multiplier; Myco post-arrival– Groups (“Lots”) = 325 head
• On-site, attached, 2-room isolation– Plastic flooring– 8 weeks– PRRS/PED tested/cleared adjacent Grower/GDU– 4 diets
GDU
1
2
“Farm B” GDU• GDU
– Grower: • 18 pens of 3 different sizes (6 of each)
– 27’ x 18’11”, 27’ x 15’5”, 27’ x 11’1”– Additional hospital pen (27’ x 6’6”)
• 3 Lots (12 weeks) of gilts • 2 diets• Static pens • Tunnel ventilated
– Finisher: • Electronic Sow Feeder training stations – 4 weeks
• Lot moves after training period to full feeders• 10 pens: 2 Lots (8 weeks)• 1 pen: non-selects• 1 pen: hospital• 2 diets• Tunnel ventilated
ISO
“Farm B” Clinical Signs• Hind limb lameness, +/-
joint swelling and pain resulting in gait alteration– Onset at 14-15 weeks
of age– 1-10% prevalence
• Quantified monthly• Veterinary site visits
– Clinical spectrum • Clinically unaffected
(subclinical)• Slow/reluctant to rise• Muscular tremors• “Dog-sitters”
Assessing Lameness
“Farm B” Tissue Diagnostics
• Presentation: Gilt, 14 weeks of age, severe bilateral hind limb lameness
• Submission: 2 intact hind limbs • Histopathology: Lymphoplasmacytic synovitis• Molecular: Joint fluid MHS PCR positive • Culture: No significant growth on joint swab• Diagnosis: Mycoplasmal arthritis
Oral Fluid GDU Cross-Sectional
University of Minnesota Diagnostic support: Elanco
“Farm B”
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
# N
ew T
reat
men
ts
Week Post Placement
Lameness Treatments By Week
Turn I New Treats
Turn II New Treats
Turn III New Treats (Current Turn)“Farm B” Downstream WTF
Production Impact of Lameness
• Not specific to cause of lameness• Gilt mortality
– By age and reason
• Sow mortality– By parity and reason
• Sow culls– By parity and reason
“Farm B” Gilt Production ImpactGilt Group Mortality by Reason & Age (Groups 1506 -1607)
Body condition Lameness
Rectal prolapse Unknown Diarrhea Starveouts Ileitis Unthrifty HBS HPS Strep
0 -20 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 021 - 30 5 2 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 031 - 40 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 5 0 0 041 - 50 0 4 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 051 - 60 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 061 - 70 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 071 - 80 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 081 - 90 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 091 -100 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
101 - 110 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1111 - 120 0 3 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0121 - 130 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0131 - 140 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0141 - 150 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0151 -160 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total161 -170 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 101Total, % 14% 43% 0% 20% 0% 2% 0% 21% 0% 0% 1%
43/3900 = 1% of starting inventory
“Farm B” Sow Production ImpactDeaths by Parity and Reason
Farm BREMOVEDATE BETWEEN '2015-08-01' AND '2016-07-31' AND REMOVETYPEID=0
ParityRemove Reason 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 TOTAL %Abortion 3 3 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 11 1%Body Condition 15 11 3 6 5 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 44 6%Central Nervous 3 2 2 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 13 2%Difficult Farrowing 4 9 7 4 9 7 4 2 3 1 1 0 51 7%Downer 65 35 24 27 23 19 8 8 2 2 1 0 214 28%Farrow Productivity 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0%Gastro Intestinal 1 2 0 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 2%Heat Stress 5 8 9 7 5 6 3 2 1 1 0 1 48 6%Hemorrhaging 4 6 4 6 9 2 2 4 2 1 0 0 40 5%Lameness 28 20 10 11 7 6 5 3 7 1 0 0 98 13%No Heat 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0%Old Age / Parity 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 4 4 1 0 15 2%Rectal Prolapse 2 16 8 6 4 7 5 2 2 0 0 0 52 7%Rectal Stricture 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0%Respiratory 7 11 4 6 0 5 4 3 1 1 0 0 42 5%Unknown 4 12 6 5 14 3 4 6 2 1 0 0 57 7%Urogenital 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0%Uterine Prolapse 5 16 8 11 6 6 4 1 1 0 0 0 58 8%TOTAL 147 154 90 97 88 69 41 36 26 13 3 1 765Lameness % 19% 13% 11% 11% 8% 9% 12% 8% 27% 8% 0% 0%
“Farm B” Sow Production ImpactCulls by Parity and Reason
Farm BREMOVEDATE BETWEEN '2015-08-01' AND '2016-07-31' AND REMOVETYPEID=1
ParityRemove Reason 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 TOTAL %Abortion 22 19 10 9 6 5 5 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 3%Body Condition 25 79 29 16 12 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 168 6%Difficult Farrowing 0 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0%Farrow Productivity 0 19 46 53 60 58 29 14 11 2 1 1 0 0 0 294 10%Genetics 12 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 1%Hemorrhaging 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0%Lameness 45 48 11 15 12 3 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 144 5%Multiple Returns 59 64 14 22 12 7 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 181 6%No Heat 86 51 28 16 13 3 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 203 7%Not Trainable 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0%Not in Pig (NIP) 48 40 20 22 14 14 15 10 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 193 7%Old Age / Parity 1 2 5 17 37 72 103 121 245 242 133 50 12 2 1 1043 37%Preg Check Negative (PCN) 61 92 71 68 53 52 33 21 15 3 0 2 0 0 0 471 17%Unsoundness 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0%Urogenital 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0%Uterine Prolapse 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0%TOTAL 362 415 236 244 222 216 202 177 285 250 135 53 12 2 1 2812Lameness % 12% 12% 5% 6% 5% 1% 3% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Comprehensive Control StrategyId
entif
y Period of onset
Accl
imat
e Endemic pathogen exposure
Appl
y Strategic treatment
Control: Step 114-15 weeks of age
(3-4 weeks into the Grower)
• Early identification • Key to minimize performance losses
– Higher culling/mortality without treatment
• On-farm education– Subtle clinical signs at onset– Department head walks pens every day in the
AM– Identify and mark animals to be treated
» Identify clinical signs of lameness previously described
» Team members return to treat
Iden
tify Period of
onset
Control: Step 2
• Fenceline contact– Non-select gilts – Immediately after placement
in the Grower– Daily for 7 days
Accl
imat
e Early exposure
Control: Step 3
• Ahead of onset• 5 day course of water-soluble
Lincomycin– 3 weeks into the Grower (14
weeks of age)• Gilt Group Vaccination/Testing
Schedule– “Lot”-specific water medicators
• Reduction in antibiotic usage• Targeted therapy
– Injectable Linco/Predef as needed
Appl
y Strategic treatment
Results
• Significant reduction in lameness prevalence, severity and duration
Other Options
• Autogenous vaccine– Isolation and culture
• Research – Upcoming trial: determine effective timing of
water soluble antibiotic for the reduction in incidence and severity of lameness
Questions?
Diet Considerations
Diet Medication Weight Range Weeks Fed
N1 Mecadox 12-15 1
N2 Mecadox 15-20 1
N3 CTC/Denagard 20-30 1
N4 None 30-50 3
GDU1 Tylan 40g/T 50-100
GDU2 Tylan 40g/T 100-150
GDU3 Tylan 40g/T 150-200
GDU4 Tylan 40g/T 200+
GDU Diets
Diet Medication Weight Range ME, kcal/lb SID Lys, % Ca, % P, % AvP, %
GDU1 Tylan 40g/T 50-100 1509 1.115 0.63 0.52 0.35
GDU2 Tylan 40g/T 100-150 1508 0.965 0.61 0.51 0.35
Target Ca:P = 1.15-1.25Ca:P = 1.2
Target Ca:avP = 1.8-2.1Ca:avP = 1.7
Target Ca:avP = 1.8-2.1Ca:avP = 1.8
Target Ca:P = 1.15-1.25Ca:P = 1.2