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What is Dry Eye Disease?
Disease of ocular surface caused by disturbances of natural
function and protection of external eye leading to an unstable
tear film when eye is open
Dry eye is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface
that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance and tear
film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface.
Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease
The Healthy Tears
NORMAL TEARINGDEPENDS ON A
NEURONAL FEEDBACK LOOP
SecretomotorNerve Impulses
LacrimalGlands
Tears Support and MaintainOcular Surface
Ocular SurfaceNeural Stimulation
DRY EYE DISEASE
INFLAMMATION DISRUPTSNORMAL NEURONAL
CONTROL OF TEARING.
Interrupted Secretomotor
Nerve Impulses
Lacrimal Glands:
• NeurogenicInflammation
• T-cell Activation
• Cytokine Secretion into Tears
Tears Inflame Ocular SurfaceCytokines
Disrupt Neural Arc
Healthy Tears
• A complex mixture of proteins, mucin, and
electrolytes:
• Antimicrobial proteins:
• Lysozyme, lactoferrin
• Growth factors & suppressors of
inflammation:
• EGF, IL-1RA
• Soluble mucin 5AC secreted by goblet
cells for viscosity
• Electrolytes for proper osmolarity
Tears in Chronic Dry Eye
• Decrease in many proteins
• Decreased growth factor concentrations
• Altered cytokine balance promotes
inflammation
• Soluble mucin 5AC greatly decreased
• Due to goblet cell loss
• Impacts viscosity of
tear film
• Proteases activated
• Increased electrolytes
Tear film disorders
Normalorders Affectedrders
Ocular surface disorders
Symptoms of Dry Eye
Irritation
Redness
Burning/ Stinging
Tearing
Contact lens intolerance
Increased frequency of blinking
Itchy eyes
foreign body sensation
Blurred vision
Photophobia (less frequent symptom)
Thick sticky mucous discharge
Treatment For Dry Eye
ARTIFICIAL TEAR DROPS: 0.25 -0.7%
methyl cellulose 0.3% hypromellose pol
yvinyl alcohol
MUCOLYTICS: 5% acetylcystine 4times/ day
TOPICAL RETINOIDS
Address 1: 3 Paxton’s Court (Opp. Post Office) Newark Notts, NG24 1DH, UK
Feel Free to call us on: 01636 679555
Visit our website at: opticareoptician.co.uk
Email us at: [email protected]
Address 2: 9 The Nook(Next To Bird’s-The Confectioners) Anstey Leicester LE7 7AZ
