Upload
barry-miskin
View
339
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Overview of Ebola Virus, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment and prevention Precautions and Dangers Prognosis and Prevalence
Citation preview
EBOLAWhat You Need To
Know
By
Barry Miskin, MD, FACS
Ebola VirusNamed After Ebola River In Africa
That Runs Through Zaire & The Congo
Cases of Ebola 1979 to 2008.
Ebola 2014
Only 7 Cases In US
Transmitted By Food
Transmission
• Nearly two thirds of the cases of Ebola infections in Guinea during the 2014 outbreak contracted via unprotected contact with infected corpses during "Guinean burial rituals”
• No Air Transmission
• infected fruit bats drop partially eaten fruits or fruit pulp, then land mammals such as gorillas and duikersmay feed on these fallen fruits.
• This chain of events forms indirect means of transmission from the natural host species to other animal species viral shedding in the saliva of fruit bats.
Cane Rat, Giant Pouched Rat, Red-Flanked Duiker
Transmission
• Human-to-human transmission occurs only via direct contact with blood or body fluid from an infected person (including embalming of an infected dead body)
• Contact objects contaminated by the virus, needles & syringes
• Other body fluids that transmit ebolaviruses saliva, mucus, vomit, feces, sweat, tears, breast milk, urine, and semen
• Entry points include the nose, mouth, eyes, or open wounds, cuts and abrasions.
• Transmission from other animals to humans occurs only via contact with, or consumption of, an infected mammal, such as a fruit bat, or ape
Virus Can Live On Contaminated Surfaces for Up to 3 Hours
CDC Worker Incinerates Medical WasteTo Prevent Spread
How Does It Spread
• Contact With Blood or Other Bodily Fluids of Infected Humans Or Other Mammals
• Fruit Bats May Spread Ebola Without Having Symptoms
• Male Survivors Can Transmit Ebola Through Semen for up to 2 Months
Biosafety Level 4 Hazmat SuitProtects
Mortality Rate 25-90%, Avg 50%Best To Dispose of Bodies Quickly
Symptoms
• Starts 2 days to 3 Weeks after Exposure
• Fever
• Sore Throat
• Muscle Pain
• Headaches
Next Stage
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Rash
• Progress to Uncontrolled Hemorrhage 5-7 days after first Symptoms
• Kidney & Liver Failure 7-16 days if no Recovery
Symptoms 2 Days-3 Weeks
Diagnosis
• R/O Maleria & Cholera & other Hemorrhagic Fevers
• Blood Samples Test for Viral Ab, Viral RNA, or Virus itself
Diagnostic Test Blood Viral Ab, Viral RNA, Ebola Virus
Ebola Outbreak in Gulu Municipal Hospital, Uganda, Tx Supportive
Treatment
• No Specific Treatment
• Oral or IV Hydration
• Supportive Care Improves Recovery
• No Vaccine
As of 10/10/2014 8,376 Cases Resulting in 4,024 Deaths Worldwide
RNA Virus Infects Cells
Education for Prevention
Prevention
• Decrease Spread from Infected Animal to Human by Handling Potentially infected Meat with Protective Gear and Fully Cooking It
• Proper Protective Clothing & Washing Hands around Potentially Infected Patients
• Specimens of Bodily Fluids & Blood Handled with special precautions
Mass Screening
Fever Scan At Airports
Prevention
• Rapid Detection & Contact Tracing
• Quick Access to Lab Services
• Proper Management of Those Infected
• Proper Disposal of Dead through Cremation or Burial
Prognosis
• High Risk of Death 25-90% of those infected
• Avg 50% die from contracting Ebola
• 1976 – 2013 first detected 1716 cases reported
• As of 10 October 2014, 8,376 suspected cases resulting in the deaths of 4,024 have been reported
Precautions
• if caring for a symptomatic suspect/confirmed case Gloves, gown (fluid resistant or impermeable), eye protection (goggles or face shield), and a facemask
• If copious amounts of blood, other body fluids, vomit, or feces present in the environment: double gloving, disposable shoe covers, and leg coverings
• if monitoring an asymptomatic contact Gloves (as long as there is no potential for exposure to blood/body fluids)
• Bring extra PPE when monitoring contacts in case contact becomes symptomatic
Exposure Risk Levels
• High risk exposures: • –Percutaneous (e.g., needle stick) or mucous membrane exposure to blood or body fluids of EVD
patient • –Direct skin contact with, or exposure to blood or body fluids of, an EVD patient without
appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) • –Processing blood or body fluids of a confirmed EVD patient without appropriate PPE or standard
biosafety precautions • –Direct contact with decedent remains without appropriate PPE in a country where an EVD
outbreak is occurring • Low risk exposures: • –Household contact with an EVD patient • –Other close contact with EVD patients in health care facilities or community settings • –Brief interactions, such as walking by a person or moving through a hospital, do not constitute
close contact • No known exposure: • –Having been in a country in which an EVD outbreak occurred within the past 21 days and having
had no high or low risk exposures
Take Home Message
• Only Get Ebola From Touching Bodily Fluids of Person Who is Sick With or Has Died From Ebola
• Or From Exposure to Contaminated Objects, Such As Needles
• Ebola Poses No Significant Risk In US
Depends On What You See
Light The Way