5
Embriology CMU M44 Zack.lim Primordial follicle 1)primary oocyte 1 st mitosis 2)follicular epithelial cells - Primary follicle Secondary follicle 1st mitosis 2 nd mitosis 1) follicle a)2ndary oocyte metaphase mitosisa)zygote 2) antrum b)1 st polar body b)2 nd polar body epididymis -storage of sperm vas deference- Seminal vesical - semen,MIF(mullerian inhibitory factor) efferent duct- 3 Clinical age : LMP = 280d Naegele’s rules : -3 +7 Post-ovulatory age : 1d 14d 28d Oocyte <24hr |------( -2d ][ +1d)----- 14 -----------------| Sperm <48hr ovulation ! corona radiate ~ " # $ zona pellucida + % & 2nd mitosis( female pronucleus ( male pronucleus() *) ( +( + & zygote 30hr , Zygoe248 - . 3~7d / 0 1 Morula 4~5d 21 Blastocyst 6~7d 3 4 1wk blastogenesis 21 blastocyst ---5 1 26 blastocele 78 8 59 : ; trophoblast 7< < 78 = > 9 : 8 ; & ? 9 : 8 ; Inner cell mass cyto-tropho-blast Syn-cytio-tropho-blast 11~12d @ A B Uteroplacental circulation CD 1 E embryonic cell- F - G8 H8 1 1 Epiblast hypoblast 1 I1 8 Extra-embryonic mesoderm 1 ? 8 I1 8 ~somatic~ ??? J K / L M N 2 Secondar y/definiti ve yolk sac 1. germinal 2wks (1~14d) 2wk -OP ! " # $ % =1 ? 1 8 Q R 6 amniotic cavity =1 ? 71 8 SK N 2 Primary yolk sac 1 T 8 I1 8 Extra-embryonic Splanchnic mesoderm + trophoblast chorion

Embryology 胚胎學

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Page 1: Embryology 胚胎學

Embriology CMU M44 Zack.lim ��� �� � Primordial follicle

1)primary oocyte �1st mitosis��� 2)follicular epithelial cells

� � - �

Primary follicle � Secondary follicle � � ���������� � � � � �� 1st mitosis 2nd mitosis 1)� � � � � follicle � a)2ndary oocyte ���� metaphase � mitosis�a)zygote � � 2)� � � � � � � antrum � � b)1st polar body b)2nd polar body

� � epididymis -storage of sperm � �� vas deference- Seminal vesical -� semen,MIF(mullerian inhibitory factor) � �� efferent duct-

3�

� Clinical age ���������������� : � LMP � = 280d � � �� � �� � �� � � Naegele’s rules : �-3 �+7 Post-ovulatory age � ��� ��� ��� ��: � � � �� � � � � ��� � � � �� � � � �� �� � � � � 1d 14d 28d Oocyte�<24hr � � |------( -2d ][ +1d)-----14����-----------------| Sperm <48hr ovulation

� � �� �� � � ! corona radiate � ~ � " # $ zona pellucida ��� +�� % & � � � 2nd mitosis��' ( female pronucleus � � ��' ( male pronucleus( ) *) ��' ( +�' ( + & � � �� zygote 30hr, Zygoe�2�4�8 - . 3~7d / 0 1 Morula 4~5d 21 Blastocyst 6~7d 3 4

1wk � �� �� �� � blastogenesis

21 blastocyst ---5 1 26 blastocele 78 �8 —59 : ; �� trophoblast 7< �< 78 ��= > ��9 : 8 ; �� & ? 9 : 8 ; �� Inner cell mass cyto-tropho-blast Syn-cytio-tropho-blast 11~12d � @ A B Uteroplacental circulationCD 1 E embryonic cell- F - �G8 � H8 1 �� 1 �� Epiblast hypoblast

1 � I1 8 Extra-embryonic mesoderm

� 1 � ? 8 I1 8 ~somatic~

??? J K /LM � N

2 Secondary/definitive yolk sac

1.���

���

���

���

germ

inal

�� ��

2wks

(1

~14d

)

2wk � � �� � �� � �� � � -OP � � � ! � " # $ %

=1 ? �1 8 � Q R 6 amniotic cavity

=1 ? 71 8 �SK �N 2 Primary yolk sac

� 1 � T 8 I1 8 Extra-embryonic Splanchnic mesoderm � + trophoblast � chorion

Page 2: Embryology 胚胎學

13~14 ' U primitive streak �V ? W X notochord formation 18d Y �� neurulation OP

3 � �� �� �� � Z [ \ ] ^ - _

20d ? ` somites OP a b G1 �� c Hd e OP 1 ? I1 8

1 ? I1 8 f- ' + /g h-�X i

1 ? I 1 8 & Y �� 2 j k �

l m 1. ' + 2. ' n 3. ' g

1. o ' p q c 3r 2. s t Iq u v w 3. x y Y �i s t

& ' ( neural groove & ' ) * fold

4th wks>z _ If{ >| } � ~ O� Sacro-coccygeal teratoma

Y �� � neurenteric canal: ��:� W X s t � If{ >W �I� � (b amniotic cavity) >� 6 (b� yolk sac )

Neural Tube >C

NS (�

,��

) N

eural canal >��

N

eural crest cell>PNS,

adrenal(��

)

���

(CN

12�

+�

31�

)

1.�� ��

>�

��

��

��

�som

ite43�

���

, �

��

( ��

) 2�

.� ��

>���

&����

��

��

��

��

��

3.��

��

>�����

3 �!��"��

#��

>$��#%

,&'

,()*

etc

3wk

� �

Extra: �X i precordal plate� � �R oropharyngeal membrane� � 6

1. j q I 1 8

paraxial mesoderm 2. � � � � �Intermediate mesoderm 3. � � � � � Lat

4~5wk �� 1. �� pharyngeal arch = � � brachial arch byI� 8 � � +7� 71 8 G� +�� �1 8 G�

2. �2 pouch by 71 8 G� ( ' p � primordial pharynx c ���)

3. �n groove by ��� � g� 22d 4wkS

� T - 1 � �� � � � � � �   -critical period� 4~8wks -22~23d¡p ¢ , � 4wks £ ¤ color doppler¥

4~8

] ^ OP

*��� 24d 4wk

¦ § ¨ –�� � s t � 7- © ¨ -- ' p � c �ª �� ¦ § ¨« ¬ thyroid deverticulum

�1 8 ectoderm I1 8 mesoderm **thymus, adrenal � � � �

Y �-�1 8 �<

71 8 endoderm

tube canal Y �­

? ® �1 8 Surface~

j q I�

¯ 8 T 8

2.�

��

��

��

�em

bryo

nic

15~5

6d

(3~8

wks

)

° ¬ CNS ° H ±

,² ³ ´ R µ ¶

PNS ·G¨,� ¸ ¹ º

° H ¨

�² ® � �&I»

u ¼ u ¼ ½ ¾ �

© ¿ À

GÁ � Â À

GÁ Ã ¨

Ä R Eg ��� � � � �

CV, Å Æ

@ Ç È À © ¿ HÁ I» É _ À �  HÁ » �� # Ê �: � 6 & Ë �HÁ �1 8

��./ Ì � arch �

� Y � � � � .n CN5,7,9, 10��

u ¼ eÍ Î $ lig

½ Ï

1st 3Ð ,V M I

�Ñ .a GÒ .a

- � � � - �

+ , - . , / 0 1 2 ,3 4 - (5) 6 $ 7 - , 8 9 7 -

2nd Ó Ô ,VII S Õ u .a - � � �

Ó Ô ® Ö ½ , Õ u ½ , × Ø � u ½ , Ù Ú ½ (,Ú )

3rd Û� IX Ü Ñ .a 7Ñ .a

× Ø � �½

4th G X

Ûu IV:Ý u H.a VI:Þ.a y �

5th z _ 6th ß à ,X à á u

Ê �:Û â G

�n groove 4ã �2 pouch 1st � ! 1st I» 2~4 2nd ä å æ ? tonsil 3rd � ¦ § ¨Hã, ç ¨ thymus

z _

4th � ¦ § ¨Gã CV

3.�

��

��

��

Feta

l 5

7~26

6d

(9~3

8wks

)

Extra: vit K -factor 2,7,9,10 Parasympathetic-CN 3,7,9,10

b� : 7T I1 8 �*è é cephalic folding ( ê� T ë ì? 6 )

� � heart tube eÍ í Truncus arteriosus � î bulbus cordis ï:ÞeÍ ð conus artriosus ñ:eÍ �ò aortic vestibule

���� ����� ����� ����� � � � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �

Page 3: Embryology 胚胎學

� ¬ ventricle ' p � ó primordial Atrium ï- � » ñ- � » ôÍ õ sinus venosus ïö R’t horn�( ÷ ø), ! § õ coronary sinus ñö L’t horn�( ù r),ï� ó � ôÍ õ ú sinus venarum - û Partition: 4~7th wks ó ¬ � A-V canal

� 7R ü � AV valve Endocardial cushion

atrium �SK Iû (5 SK ý :R’t to L’t shunt� É þ � J K ý ) Septum premium ostium primum ostium secundum � J K Iû (� � 7R ü OP � � ý ) Septum secundum foramen ovale @� � ý � R foramen ovale valve

ventricle �SK � ¬ Iû � ½ Ï ú Primodial interventricular septum muscular part of � � 7R ü � � ¬ Iû � R ú endocardial cushion membranous part of interventricular septum

ôÍ 1.�N 2ôÍ b: �N 2 k � : portal vein, hepatic sinusoids, hepatic vein

vitelline vein yolk sac 2.�ôÍ � � R ï< : z _

Umbilical vein ñ< : � O2 � or � ôÍ y � ì ICV 3. ôÍ eÍ

O1 -ostium premium S1 -septum primium S2 -septum secundum FO -foramen ovale

1. eÍ 2 � eÍ � � � eÍ �a). � ` � .a dorsal intersegmental.a b).�N 2.a vitelline artery c). �.a Umbilical .a 2. eÍ � Aortic arch: 6ã

1st �Ñ .a ext.carotid.a GÒ .a maxillary.a

2nd Õ u .a stapedial .a 3rd Ü Ñ .a

7Ñ .a 4th ï:ïÝ u H.a

ñ: eÍ � 5th z _ 6th ï: ïÞeÍ

ñ ñÞeÍ , eÍ y � 3. � ` � eÍ dorsal intersegmental .a X30 4.�N 2eÍ vitelline .a 5.�.a Umbilical .a

É _ �   ' � : 4wks � < ,*, } è ê �N 2 � ì1 � ? 7,OP primodial gut � - �: ���� * � - � � � �R orapharyngeal membrane - l m by. a. 71 < 8 � 6 G� b.�1 8 ' � G� primordial mouth } � - �  6 R cloacal membrane - l m by .a.71 8 �  6 G� b.�1 8 Ë � gG� anal pit �� foregut I� midgut ,� hindgut 1.primordial pharynx & � k � � ( � 6 ,�,Û, å æ ¨, � � ¨,

GÇ È À) 2.HÇ È À 3. � À,�,12 � � ( � À¡� � � ) 3.,�, � À�  

12 � � ( � À¡� � � )� + � ï 2/3 ! UO, " �N × = �N 2� # - : Yalk stalk vitelline duct a. ° $ Cranial limbs:� % & , OP ø� b. } $ caudal limbs: ', ( � « ¬

+ � ñ 1/3� Ë �Gú , )*, rú - ¿ À

6wks- + 90 ," SMA � q 10wks- 180 Ü , :+ 270- � T Ú <

(ø) ï 180- �*

� <

(r) � ? ,

� } * @ �� from Ú < �. � �� � < ~

�N �(�N × ) / 0 : a. � � � � � � � � umbilicoileal fistula b.Meckel � � �� � �� � �� � � c. � � � � umbilical sinus

A. � � �� � �� � �� � � -" © ¿ 1 � û R � - � Cloaca uro-rectal septum � © ¿ �  õ �)*/� ¿ �, ¿ À,� 2 ¨ 3 (4À), urogenital sinus� 2 ¨( ¿ Àj ¨), ¿ À 5¨(�ò r¨) � 1 � , Ë �Gú B. �  6 R --6 hindgut M � Cloacal membrane @� 7wks A + B 7 + & � 7 4 ? pineal body � 8 -� © ¿ �  R Uro-genital membrane , 8 -� Ë � R , 8wk 9 . Anal membrane If{> � � �� � �� � �� � �

���� ����� ����� ����� � � � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �

Page 4: Embryology 胚胎學

Ç È �   © ¿ �  �   �� >�p � primordial pharynx>à : �« ¬ laryngotracheal diverticulum> � �� > à : � �À laryngotracheal tube > ; : � . bronchial bud

· & � ¿ �-I1 8 )* -71 8

�  ��

Bronchial bud 1 < ¨pseudoglandular period

5w~

� M = � ; : �terminal bronchiole

2.ø� Canalicular period

16w~

� Ç È Ã ~ Repiratory~-�Þ î �

alveolar duct 3. M 2 Terminal sac ~

24 � Þ î 2

alveolar sac -C BBB -� surfactant

4.Þî alveolar

32~8w

Þî .n> @95%�� ,

5w �

� 4w 4w

meta nephros

I· meso nephros

�· pronephros

=? · � I·�

Muellerian duct =para- mesonephrons@Xby SYY gene

I·� Wolffian duct ����by SYYgene

·ø� , A B 2

C:z _ -appendix testis -utriculus prostatus

:� ��, � @

C :� � , � ��, D �2, � �� E: z _ -appendix vesiculosa -epoophoron -Gart her’s duct

C E

Prostate?,Urinary bladder , Urethra lower vaginal Urogenital sinus * � �� �� �� � vaginal � �� �� �� � : ���� 1/3-para-mesonephric ���� 2/3-urogenital sinus

)* ¿ À Prostatic utricle � 2 ¨ ¿ À 5 ¨ bulbo-urethral gl

)* ¿ À 4À(H 2/3) ¿ Àj ¨ Greater vestibular gl�ò r¨

Genital tubercle/ #Phallus Glans penis F * Corpus spongiosum Corpus cavernosa

Clitoris 4G * Bulb of vestibule Corpus cavernosa

Urogenital/urethral fold penis(Ventral aspect) Labia minora Genital/labioscrotal swelling scrotum Labia majora Cortex of medullaIà à ¨ H ���

��´ Rete testis � I J î Rete ovarii

gubermaculum K y $ Gubemaculum testis Ovary lig, Round lig Mesonephric tubules Ductuli efferentes � L � �ø� epoophoron Mesonephric duct � � L � ��

D �� � �� Duct of epoophoron Duct of Gartner

Para-mesonephric Appendix of testis � �� fallopian tube � @ uterus

�M I N � ¿ � Median umbilical cord/Urachus

Median umbilical fold �.a �7 lig X2

Medial umbilical fold Obliterated umbilical.a.�Ý �.a �.v Round lig. Lat Inf. Epigastric. Vessels Ductus venous Venous lig Retro-uterine Recto-uterine pouch of Douglas Ductus arteriosus

PGI2 ¡ Bradykinin �

eÍ lig (ñ< for recurrent largyngeal.n)

*indomethacin

X

PGI2

Foramen ovale Umbilical cord [ P :1.2e( O P ) 2.1ô(QP 3.� ¿ � Urachus- R + � - ¿ 2 alantosis( k � � -�N 2} � ��� ,� )*) Placenta � � :1. - © hCG, hGS,relaxin,estrogen,progesterone (� 8wk - © HCG,10wk,- © estrogen,progesterone) + l : 1. v S T R decidua basalis 2. ² § � � R chorion frondosum

���� ����� ����� ����� � � � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �

Page 5: Embryology 胚胎學

; ? � @ 7R

� @ 1.decidua parietalis 2. capsularis 3. basalis

2nd wks Primary chorionic villi 5 cytotrophoblastic core 3rd wks Secondary Q mesenchyme

� U � � R

Chrionic villi � � � �

Tertiary QV W X � � U

Q R

û ¡; ? & � U X � : 1.Placenta membrane:1.syncytiotrophoblast 2.cytotrophoblast *cytotrophoblastic shell ! " # $ %! " # $ %! " # $ %! " # $ % 3.connective tissue of villus 4.endothelium of fetal capillus 4Y Z hermaphroditism=intersexuality: à ¨ & ��  ] [ � \

& '& '& '& ' ( ) *( ) *( ) *( ) * 70% 46XX 20% 46XX/46 XY(mosaic) 10% 46XY

5 � I & � L or � I � L ] & ? ' � :

+ '+ '+ '+ ' , ( ) *, ( ) *, ( ) *, ( ) * ������

46XX 5 � I& C Ã � � Â ] ^ _ Ã · G ¨ ù � L ` a Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

-'-'-'-' , ( ) *, ( ) *, ( ) *, ( ) * ������

46XY � L & E à � �  ] 1. � L b m T & MIF [ c 2. � L E à _ d e f =g à º [ h i d e f Testicular ferminization syn = androgen insensitivity syndrome(AIS)

Trisomy 21 Down syndrome Growth retardation, [ j k - � mental retardation,

craniofacial abnormalities

Trisomy 18 Mental retardation, ^ _ � T l ` , low set ears, flexion of fingers and hand

Trisomy 13 Mental retardation, ^ _ � T l ` , Cleft lip&palate, deafness, eye defect, m n o polydactyly p �

XXY Klinefelter syndrome C Ã s t ,sterility,testicular atrophy,gyncomastia Extra:q p X:mental retardation � r s q t

45X Turner syndrome E � O ovaries(gonadal dysgenesis), u v XXX Triple X syndrome Scanty menses, w k - G � mental retardation

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