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This is a training module for volunteers at the Open Door clinic.
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Exposure Control
Volunteer Training ModuleOpen Door Clinic
Exposure Control Plan
• Employers must develop an Exposure Control Plan and make it accessible to all employees.• The Exposure Control Plan identifies tasks and
procedures, as well as job classifications, where occupational exposure to blood occurs.• The plan specifies the procedure for evaluating
circumstances surrounding exposure incidents.• Employers must update their Exposure Control Plan to
include:• changes in technology that reduce/eliminate exposure• annual documentation of consideration and implementation of
safer medical devices• solicitation of input from non-managerial employees
Methods of Compliance
The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard specifies methods that are to be used to minimize the transmission of
bloodborne pathogens in the work place. These methods include:
•Universal Precautions• Engineering and Work Practice Controls• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)• Appropriate Housekeeping Measures
Universal Precautions
• The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard requires that employers implement a standardized approach to infection control called Universal Precautions.• The concept of Universal Precautions is
that all blood and potentially infectious materials must be treated as if they are known to contain HIV, HBV, or other bloodborne pathogens.
Engineering and Work Practice Controls
Engineering Controls• Controls that isolate or
remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the workplace.
Work Practice Controls• Controls that reduce
the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed.
Engineering and Work Practice Controls
Exposure Determination• To select the proper engineering and work practice
controls to implement in the workplace, the employer must make an exposure determination. This determination must contain:• A list of all job classifications in which all employees in
those job classifications have occupational exposure;• A list of job classifications in which some employees
have occupational exposure, and• A list of all tasks and procedures or groups of closely
related task and procedures in which occupational exposure occurs and that are performed by employees in job classifications listed in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (c)(2)(i)(B) of this standard.
Engineering Controls
Needlestick SafetyTwo commonly used engineering controls are• Needleless Systems: devices that do not use a
needle for:• Collection of bodily fluids• Administration of medication/fluids• Any other procedure with potential percutaneous
exposure to a contaminated sharp
• Sharps with Engineered Sharps Injury Protections (SESIP)• Non-needle sharp or a needle with a built-in safety
feature or mechanism that effectively reduces the risk of an exposure incident.
SES
IP E
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Engineering Controls
Signs and Labeling• The warning label must
include the universal biohazard symbol and the term "biohazard“.• Warning labels must be
affixed to containers of regulated waste, refrigerators and freezers containing blood or other potentially infectious material.• Contaminated equipment
must also have a warning label.
Engineering Controls
Signs and Labeling• Some common exceptions to the labeling
requirements are:• Containers of blood, blood components, and blood
products bearing an FDA required label.• Individual containers of blood or OPIM that are placed in
secondary labeled containers.• Specimen containers, if the facility uses Universal
Precautions when handling all specimens.• Regulated waste that has been decontaminated.
• HIV and HBV Research Laboratory and Production Facilities must have biohazard signs posted at the entrance.
Work Practice Controls
Work Practice Controls
Hand Hygiene
• Thoroughly wash hands or other exposed skin with soap and water as soon as possible.• Wash your hands with soap and water every time
you remove your gloves. • Use soft, antibacterial soap, if possible. • If skin or mucous membranes come in direct
contact with blood, wash or flush the area with water as soon as possible.• Where handwashing facilities are not available, use
antiseptic hand cleansers or antiseptic towelettes.
Personal Hygiene
• Minimizing splashing, spraying, spattering and generation of droplets when attending to an injured person.• Refraining from eating, drinking, smoking, applying
cosmetics or lip balms, or handling contact lenses where there is a reasonable likelihood of occupational exposure.• Keeping food or drink away from refrigerators, freezers,
shelves cabinets or on countertops or bench tops where blood or other potentially infectious materials are present.• Refraining from mouth pipetting/suctioning of blood or
other potentially infectious materials.
Personal Protective Equipment
• The type of protective equipment appropriate for your job or research varies with the task and the degree of exposure you anticipate. Equipment that protects you from contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) may include:• Gloves• Eye protection• Masks and face shields• Gowns, aprons and other protective body clothing
Personal Protective EquipmentGloves• Gloves should be made of latex, nitrile, rubber, or
other water impervious materials. • Never use gloves that are damaged, such as torn or
punctured.• Remove contaminated gloves carefully, avoiding
touching the outside of the gloves with bare skin. • Dispose of contaminated gloves in a proper
container.
Personal Protective EquipmentEye Protection
Personal Protective EquipmentMasks and Face Shields• Masks and face shields provide additional
protection for tasks that may generate splashes, spray, spatter, or droplets of blood or other potentially infectious materials, and eye, nose, or mouth contamination can be reasonably anticipated. • Masks and face shields are not a substitute for eye
protection, and must be used in combination with suitable eye protection.
Personal Protective EquipmentProtective Body Clothing
Personal Protective EquipmentGeneral Guidelines• Persons should be trained to use the equipment properly.• The equipment should be appropriate for the task and should fit properly,
especially gloves.• The equipment should be free from physical flaws that could compromise
safety.• Persons must use appropriate protective equipment each time they perform a
task involving potentially infectious materials.• The employer should issue PPE or make it readily accessible in the work area.• The employer should maintain, replace or dispose of any PPE at no cost to
employees.• Persons should remove all PPE prior to leaving the work area.• Persons should place removed PPE in an appropriately designated area or
container for storage, washing, decontamination or disposal.• Persons should remove garments such as lab coats or aprons that are
penetrated by blood or other potentially infectious materials immediately or as soon as feasible.
Appropriate Housekeeping Measures
• Clean and decontaminate all equipment and working surfaces after contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials.
• Contaminated work surfaces should be decontaminated:• after completing procedures• immediately or as soon as feasible if they are heavily contaminated or
if there has been a spill of blood or other potentially infectious materials
• at the end of the work shift if the surface may have become contaminated since the last cleaning.
• Inspect and decontaminate bins, pails, cans, and similar receptacles intended for reuse.
• Clean and decontaminate receptacles immediately or as soon as feasible upon visible contamination.
Appropriate Housekeeping MeasuresGlassware Handling and Disposal
• Use items such as a brush and dust pan, tongs, or forceps to clean up broken glassware.• Sterilize broken glassware that has been visibly
contaminated with blood with an approved disinfectant solution before disturbing it or cleaning it up.• Dispose of decontaminated glassware in an
appropriate sharps container.• Dispose of uncontaminated broken glassware in a
closable, puncture resistant container.
Appropriate Housekeeping MeasuresGlassware Handling and Disposal
• Non-regulated waste that is not generated by a medical facility or human health-related research laboratory may be disposed in regular plastic trash bags if it has been decontaminated or autoclaved prior to disposal.
Check with your supervisor for specific requirements and procedures for handling and disposing of
wastes at your institution.
Quick Check Summary
What are “Universal Precautions”?
What are Engineering Controls?
List other exposure control methods.