FEMALE INFERTILITY LAURA ORTEGA 12G

First things First

• Infertility is the inability to get pregnant after a year of unprotected intercourse.

• Both men and women can be infertile.

Age and Fertility

• Women are born with a finite number of eggs.• The number and quality of the eggs diminish

with age. • chances of having a baby decrease by 3% to 5%

per year after the age of 30.

When the eggs are declining in number, women may begin having signs of menopause, or declining ovarian reserve (irregular cycles, hot flashes, insomnia).

HOW DO THEY KNOW

• A blood test to check hormone levels

• An endometrial biopsy to check the lining of the uterus

• Hysterosalpingography (HSG). ( X-rays of fallopian tubes to see if they are blocked)

• Laparoscopy. (enables the doctor to view the outside of the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes to detect abnormal growth)

FACTORS THAT AFFECT IT

• WEIGHT-Overweight : Fertility medications may not work Anorexia, bulimia or restrictive diets-Excessive exercise-suppression of ovulation by elevated endorphin levels along with reduced body fat. -Insulin resistance-Difficulty when diabetes, hypertension and preeclampsia.

Estrogen is stored in fat cells and can suppress ovulatory function.

SMOKINGWomen who smoke one to two packs of cigarettes per day who started before the age of eighteen are at a greater risk for infertility(decreased ovarian reserve and have a lessened response to ovulation induction medications. )

SMOKING

CAFFEINE

ALCOHOL

exposure chemotherapeutic

exposure to pesticides

Dentists/Dental Assistants

Anesthetists

Occupational and Environmental Risks

OTHER CAUSESDamage to fallopian tubes

carry the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus

WHY : inability of contact between sperm and ovum

Hormonal causes

problems with ovulation.

WHY: the release of an egg from the ovary and lining of the uterus in preparation for the fertilized egg do not occur.

Cervical causes.the sperm cannot pass through the cervical canal.

WHY: abnormal mucus production or a prior cervical surgical procedureSOLUTION : may be treated with intrauterine inseminations.

Ovarian FailurePremature Menopause

Ovariectomy

Congenital Absence of Ovaries

Uterine AbnormalitiesUterine Fibroids (liemyomas)

DES exposure

Septate Uterus/Bicornuate Uterus/Unicornuate Uterus

Hysteroscopy

FEMALE INFERTILITY TREATED BY

remove tumours

Medical therapy

with drugs -lead to ovulation, multiple egg ovulation

Intrauterine insemination-

selected sperm deposited in uterus at ovulation

Egg donation

And others…. IVF *

• is the process of fertilization by manually combining an egg and sperm in a laboratory dish, and then transferring the embryo to the uterus.

IVF ( IN VITRO FERTILISATION)

IVF ( IN VITRO FERTILISATION)

• eggs are fertilized in a culture dish and placed into the uterus. The woman takes drugs to stimulate multiple egg development. When monitoring indicates that the eggs are mature, they are collected using a vaginal ultrasound probe with a needle guide. The sperm are collected, washed, and added to the eggs in a culture dish. Several days later, embryos -- or fertilized eggs -- are returned to the uterus using an intrauterine insemination catheter.

Studies suggest that number of multiple births have increased in numbers over the past several years. Though birth of twins and triplets are common, cases of quadruplets, quintuplets, sextuplets are rare. The world's first surviving septuplets were born in 1997

THIS IS WHYHigh order multiples - more than three babies in the same womb - are exceptionally rare and occur almost exclusively while the woman is undergoing fertility treatment.

This is because several embryos are often implanted into her womb to increase the chances of conception, and the fact that high hormone levels, used in most fertility treatments, also increase the risk

While the rise in fertility treatment has lead to a roughly 75 per cent rise in high order pregnancies, less than 1 per cent of women are affected and cases of ten or more children are extremely uncommon.

If untreated, these cases almost always result in infant death as they lead to premature birth, with the children unable to survive because their organs have not yet developed properly.

VIDEO

• Modern Methods of Fertilisation

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gR_2b5b0h1E

Sources• http://www.webmd.com/infertility-and-reproduction/guide/female-inferti

lity• http://rba-online.com/ivf/index.php?Female-Infertility-31• http://

www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2524690/Woman-gives-birth-TEN-babies-time-India-just-12-weeks-pregnancy-tragically-survive.html