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The Negative Implications
of a Fragmented Identity among
Asian Adolescents
Jason Luu
Background
• Multiple roles, multiple selves
• The propagation and problems of contradictory roles
among adolescents (Harter, 1999)
Background• Integrated/Fragmented Trichotomy (Mehta, 2001)
A) “How I am with different people all fits together nicely into a single me, it adds up to a sense of myself as a whole person.” (Integrated)
B) “How I am with different people doesn’t all fit together in one piece, but that feels OK to me.” (Healthy Fragmented)
C) “How I am with different people doesn’t all fit together in one piece, and that feel uncomfortable or distressing to me.” (Unhealthy Fragmented)
• Negative outcomes• Integration orientation was associated with more adaptive
outcomes than both the comfortably and uncomfortably fragmentation orientations (Kiang & Harter, 2008)
Background
• Multiple cultural identities
• The endorsement of both heritage and mainstream
cultures (Chen, Benet-Martinez, & Bond, 2008)
• Relational influences of cultural identity
• Parental ethnic socialization (Umaña-Taylor, Bhanot, &
Shin, 2006)
• Associations with the peer in-group (Phinney, Romero, Nava, & Huang, 2000)
Hypotheses
• Integrated Asian adolescents will report greater well-being than fragmented Asians
• Integrated Asian adolescents will report higher scores in measures of ethnic identity compared to fragmented Asians
• Integrated Asian adolescents will report greater levels of parental cohesion and peer relationships quality than fragmented Asians
Participants
• Wave 1: 177 Asian Americans
• 9th (42%) and 10th grade cohorts
• 59% female
• Wave 4: 115 Asian Americans
• 12th (55%)
• 70% female
• Participants were recruited from high schools
in Charlotte and Burke county
• W4 participants were mailed a questionnaire
packet spanning measures of well-being,
academic motivation, relationships, and various
social domains
Materials
• Mehta (2001)’s trichotomy
• “There are many ways people think about themselves
when they interact with different people. One way to
think about these interactions is to imagine a puzzle
in which each puzzle piece represents a piece of
yourself while interacting with different people.”
• Participants were asked to explain their responses
after selecting the option that they felt best described
themselves
• Integrated: 61
• Healthy Fragmented: 35
• Unhealthy Fragmented: 4 [omitted from analyses]
Materials• Ryff’s Six Factor Model of Well-being (Ryff, 1989)
• Positive and Negative Affect Scales (Mroczek &
Kolarz, 1998)
• Rosenberg’s Self Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965)
• Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression
Scale (Radloff, 1977)
Materials• The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure
(Phinney, 1992)
• The Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (Sellers, Rowley, Chavous, Shelton, & Smith, 1997)
• Network of Relationships Inventory (Furman &
Buhrmester, 1985)
• Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation
Scales II (Olson, Sprenkle, & Russell, 1979)
Results
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
Integrated
Healthy Fragmented
Well-Being
†p<.1
*p<.05
**p<.01
***p<.001
Results
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Integrated
Healthy Fragmented
Affect and Self Esteem
†p<.1
*p<.05
**p<.01
***p<.001
Results
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Integrated
Healthy Fragmented
Ethnic Identity
†p<.1
*p<.05
**p<.01
***p<.001
Results
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Positive Peer
Relations (Asian)***
Positive Peer
Relations (White)
Negative Peer
Relations (Asian)
Negative Peer
Relations (White)
Integrated
Healthy Fragmented
Peer Relations
†p<.1
*p<.05
**p<.01
***p<.001
Results
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Mother Cohesion Father Cohesion
Integrated
Healthy Fragmented
Parental Cohesion
†p<.1
*p<.05
**p<.01
***p<.001
Discussion• Negative implications of being fragmented, albeit
“comfortably” so• “Sometimes I act different with other people but I'm
still the same person” (Integrated)
• “I act differently with different friends, but I always do what feels right for me” (Healthy Fragmented)
• Integrated individuals reported greater scores on ethnic identity measures than fragmented individuals
• Integrated individuals reported greater positive relationship qualities with Asian peers than fragmented individuals
Discussion• Future directions
• Examine longitudinal trajectories of
integration/fragmentation orientations
• Identify the predictors of integration/fragmentation
orientations and their causal direction
• Integrate the findings of an ongoing qualitative
interview study
• Look specifically at biculturality and acculturation and
how they may affect the relationship between
integration/fragmentation orientations and overall
adjustment
Thank you!!
• Dr. Lisa Kiang
• The RAs—Paula Aduen, Kandace
Andrews, Melissa Bryson, Molly
Champagne, Meaghan Gartner, Juan
Pinzon, Felicia Poh, Hillary Scudder