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Fundamentals of AyurvedaInstructor
Dr.(Vaidya) Shekhar Annambhotla
Director & Founder
Ojas Ayurveda Yoga Wellness Center
Macungie, PA 18062
Phone: 484-347-6110
email:[email protected]
www.ojas.us
“The Natural force within each of us is the greatest healer of disease”
- Hippocrates
COURSE CONENT
• What is Ayurveda?
• Basic principles of Ayurveda
• Branches of Ayurveda
• Three biological energies (Doshas) and their understanding in modern science understanding Vata, Pitta, and Kapha
• Qualities of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha
• Functions of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha
• Locations of Vata, Pitta and Kapha
• Functions of Vata, Pitta and Kapha
VATABalanced effects of Vata, Pitta, Kapha
PhysicalPsychological
Increased effects of Vata, Pitta, KaphaPhysicalPsychological
Decreased effects of Vata, Pitta, KaphaPhysical Psychological Effects of vitiation
• Aggravating factors of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha
• Characteristics of Vata, Pitta and Kapha constitutions (Prakriti)
What is AYURVEDA?
“The Knowledge of Life”
AYU = LIFE
VEDA = KNOWLEDGE
Life = Mind + Body + Spirit
HIGHLIGHTS OF AYURVEDATraditional system of medicine from IndiaHolistic, natural healingComplementary and integrative system Addresses the root cause of imbalanceEach individual is uniqueRelationship between Microcosm and
Macrocosm
Treatment of the whole mind-body Rejuvenating and revitalizing systemPromotion of immunity, maintenance of
healthLifestyle recommendations - diet, daily &
seasonal regimen, yoga, meditation, herbs, physiological detoxification (Panchakarma)
Adopts multiple ingredients of whole
plants / herbs and minerals
AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO HEALTH
Therapeutic modalities which are:
Suited to an individual’s constitution
Seek to restore good health, balance, and harmony
at the levels of body, mind and spirit
Individuals are advised on:
Diet
Daily routine
Seasonal regimens
Exercise, including Yoga Asanas
Meditation
Herbs
Physiological purification methods such as
Herbal oil massages
Sweat baths
Herbal enemas
Herbal steam inhalations
Individual results will vary from person to person
Compound preparations:
Multiple ingredients of plants and minerals to help the
preparation function as a whole and to balance the total
function of the body.
Some herbs enhance the action, while others avoid or
minimize possible side effects.
AYURVEDIC HERBAL & MINERAL MEDICINES
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDA
• Five gross elements (Pancha Maha Bhutas)
• Three biological energies (Three Doshas)
• Three psychological energies (Three Gunas)
• Seven body tissues (Sapta Dhatus)
• Final refined product of digestion & metabolism, i.e., Vital Immunity (Ojas)
• Understanding of Vital Force (Prana)
• Knowing of Vital Energy (Tejas)
• Vital points (Marma Vignan)
• Thirteen channels of circulation (Srotas)
• Thirteen biological fires (Agnis)
• Four states of digestive fire
• Toxic, morbid substance (Ama)
• Six stages of manifestation of disease
(Kriya Kalas)
• Daily routine (Dinacharya)
• Seasonal regimen (Ritucharya)
• Dietetics (Ahara vigyan)
• Physiological Detoxification (Pancha Karma)
• Rejuvenation Program (Rasayana)
• Revitalization Program (Vajikarana)
THE EIGHT BRANCHES OF AYURVEDA
(ASHTANGA AYURVEDA)• Internal Medicine (Kaya chikitsa)• Surgery (Shalya tantra)• Ophthalmology & Otorhinolaryngology (Shalakya
tantra)• Pediatrics (Kaumara britya)• Toxicology (Agada tantra)• Psychology (Bhuta vidya)• Rejuvenation (Rasayana)• Revitalization (Vajikarana)
Three Biological Energies (Doshas) and their understanding in Modern Science
VATA
Cellular level
Functions of nucleus
Somatic level
Neurological activities
PITTA
Cellular level
Functions of mitochondria
Somatic level
Hormonal & enzymatic activities (Endocrinal)
KAPHA
Cellular level
Functions of protoplasm
Somatic level
Various secretary activities (Exocrinal)
UNDERSTANDING
VATA, PITTA, KAPHA
VATA is responsible for:
• Movement
• Transportation
• Communication
• Neurological activities
o Governed by SROTAS
PITTA is responsible for:
• Digestion
• Metabolism
• Transformation
• Hormonal, Enzymatic actions – Governed by AGNI
KAPHA is responsible for:
• Structure
• Cohesion
• Binding
• Lubrication
• Immune activities
–Governed by DHATU
VATA QUALITIES
• Dry, rough• Cold• Light• Subtle, minute• Changeable, moving• Clear, non-sticky• Coarse, brittle
PITTA QUALITIES
• Slightly oily
• Heat, warmth
• Sharp
• Liquid
• Sour
• Moving, flowing
• Pungent, sour
KAPHA QUALITIES
• Heavy
• Cold
• Soft
• Unctuous, oily
• Sweaty
• Stable
• Sticky
FUNCTIONS OF VATA• Breathing
• Cellular motion
• Flow of nutrients & waste products
• Heartbeat, blood flow
• Movement
• Natural urges
• Nerve impulses, blinking
• Sensory & motor functions
FUNCTIONS OF PITTA• Absorption
• Assimilation
• Body temperature
• Digestion
• Metabolism
• Perception
• Skin coloration & luster
• Understanding
• Vitality
FUNCTIONS OF KAPHA• All tissue substances• Growth• Healing• Immunity• Lubrication of joints• Moisturizing the skin• Resistance• Stability, strength, structure • Vigor
LOCATIONS OF VATA• Colon (Main)• Bladder / kidneys• Anus & rectum• Waist• Pelvis, reproductive organs• Legs, feet• Bones• Ears• Skin
LOCATIONS OF PITTA• Small intestine and stomach (Main)
• Sweat
• Plasma, blood
• Liver, spleen
• Endocrine glands
• Skin
• Brain
• Eyes
LOCATIONS OF KAPHA· Thorax (Main)
· Head, neck
· Mouth
· Joints
· Kidneys
· Adipose tissue
· Lymphatic system
· Stomach, small intestine
· Pancreas
BALANCED FUNCTIONS OF VATA
PHYSICAL• All movements of the body
• Circulation of the blood
• Control of the organs of action and perception
• Curiosity and natural interest
• Development of tissues
• Excellent energy level
• Flow of nutrients
• Greater vitality
• Liveliness
• Motivation of natural urges
• Nerve impulse, pulsation, heartbeat
• Normal respiratory function
• Proper coordination of all body functions
• Release of waste products
• Sensory & motor functions
• Sound sleep
• Stimulation of digestive juices
• Strong immunity
PSYCHOLOGICAL• Clear comprehension• Controlled and precise mental activity• Creativity• Desire to lead an active life• Enthusiasm• Inspiration• Mental alertness• Sense of exhilaration
INCREASED EFFECTS OF VATA
PHYSICAL• Aching pain, cramps
• Astringent taste in mouth
• Atrophy of bone marrow
• Bloating, gas, colic
• Brittle nails
• Constipation
• Contraction of joints, joint problems
• Cracked lips, feet and hands
• Craving for hot things
• Dehydration
• Discoloration
• Dislocation
• Dry, rough skin
• Excessive, irregular movements
• Giddiness
• Harshness of speech
• Hiccups
• Intolerance to cold
• Light or interrupted sleep
• Nervous twitches
• Non-specific fatigue
• Numbness
• Persistent bodily discharges
• Perversion of sense of taste
• Pricking pains
• Longitudinal lines on nails
• Loss of vigor and vitality
• Nerve pain
• Rigidity of the body
• Roughness
• Shortness of breath
• Split ends of hair
• Subluxation
• Thirst
• Trembling & twisting of body parts
• Tremors
• Underweight
• Wrinkles on forehead
PSYCHOLOGICAL
• Aimless talking
• Anxiety
• Astonishment
• Confusion
• Distraction
• Disturbed inspiration
• Excitation
• Indecisiveness
• Insecurity• Fear
• Harshness
• Hysterical behavior
• Impaired memory
• Inappropriate perception
• Mental agitation, worry
• Nervousness
DECREASED EFFECTS OF VATA
PHYSICAL
Diminished movements
Diseases manifested by an excess of Kapha
Impaired body functions
Impairment of sense functions
Irregular gastric fire
• Less building of tissues
• Less or slow elimination of waste substances
• Loss of consciousness
• Low vitality
• Lack of energy
• Nausea
• Slow, diminished movements
• Weakness
PSYCHOLOGICAL• Lack of enthusiasm
• Shallow inspiration
• Dull sensory perception with untimely responses
• Depletion of life force
• Loss of joy
• Grief
EFFECTS OF VATA VITIATION• Anorexia
• Arthritis
• Bipolar Disorder
• Chronic constipation
• Dandruff
• Depression
• Dry eczema
• Epilepsy
• Glaucoma
• Insomnia
• Kidney problems
• Lameness
• Macular Degeneration
• Mania
• Osteo Arthritis
• Osteoporosis
• Psoriasis
• Tension headaches
BALANCED FUNCTIONS OF PITTA
PHYSICAL Good appetite Balanced digestion Balanced heat regulation Balanced thirst Good eye sight Luster Softness in the body
PSYCHOLOGICAL
• Cheerfulness
• Exhilaration
• Valor
• Sharp intellect
INCREASED EFFECTS OF PITTA
PHYSICAL• Burning sensation
• Excessive heat
• Suppuration, sloughing
• Excessive perspiration
• Softening
• Itching, redness, discharge, bleeding tendency
– Bristling of body hair
– Bitter taste in mouth
– Craving for cold substances
– Excessive hunger
– Excessive thirst
– Combustion of tissues
– Loss of sleep
– Very sharp digestion
– Yellow coloration of stool, urine, eyes, nails, and skin
– Burning eyes and feet
– Broken capillaries
– Horizontal ridges on nails
PSYCHOLOGICAL Anger Irritation, annoyance Excessively critical Excessively cavalier Frustration Hatred, jealousy Overly aggressive, rage Disturbed intellect, internal storm Disturbed or short temper
DECREASED EFFECTS OF PITTA
PHYSICAL Impairment of vital essence Lessened or lack of urination Harshness of the body Heaviness Increased mucous Indigestion
Irregular pain and burningLack of lusterLack of softness in the bodyLow hunger & thirstLow temperaturePallor of nails and eyesPoor visionSlow digestionStiffnessTremors
PSYCHOLOGICAL
• Dull intellect• Lack of happiness
EFFECTS OF PITTA VITIATIONAcneAllergiesAnorexiaColitisConjunctivitisContact dermatitisEczemaFever
Hyperacidity Hypertension Inflammatory diseases Irritable bowel syndrome Jaundice Liver diseases Peptic ulcers Psychosis Rashes Rosacea
BALANCED FUNCTIONS OF KAPHA
PHYSICAL
• Binding, unctuousness
• Heaviness
• Lubrication of joints
• Plumpness
• Potency
• Stability of the body
• Strength, strong immunity
• Vitality
• Wound healing
PSYCHOLOGICAL• Absence of greed
• Affection
• Enthusiasm
• Firmness
• Forbearance and fortitude
• Forgiveness
• Generosity, knowledge
• Restraint, patience
• Understanding
INCREASED EFFECTS OF KAPHA
PHYSICAL
• Astonishment
• Blocking of the channels
• Bumps
• Cohesion
• Coldness
• Corpulence
• Coughing
• Disturbed potency
• Double chin
• Dullness of gastric fire
• Excessive excretion
• Excessive mucus
• Excessive oiliness
• Excessive secretions
• Excessive sleep
• Excessive sweat
• Fainting
• Firmness
• Flabbiness
• Heaviness
• Humidity
• Immobility
• Itching
• Lack of skin tone
• Leanness
• Lethargic
• Lethargy
• Lethargy, laziness
• Looseness of joints, skin
• Nasal allergies
• Nausea
• Numbness
• Oozing, itching
• Pallor of skin
• Physical dullness
• Puffiness
• Reduced sensory acuity
• Secretions from the mouth
• Separation of bones
• Sinus congestion
• Slow digestion
• Softening
• Stickiness
• Sweetness in mouth
• Swollen feet, ankles
• Weakness, lassitude
• Weight gain
PSYCHOLOGICAL· Attachment
· Laziness, inertia
· Dullness of mind
· Ignorance, emotional heaviness
· Negativity
· Dysphoria
· Possessive, inability to let go
· Greed
· Lust, envy, stupefaction
DECREASED EFFECTS OF KAPHA
PHYSICAL• Body aches
• Cramps
• Debility
• Dehydration
• Dryness
• Giddiness
• Heat
• Instability
• Internal burning
• Lightness
• Looseness of joints
• Loss of consciousness
• Tachycardia (Increased heart rate)
• Thirst
• Trembling
• Wakefulness
• Weakness
PSYCHOLOGICAL
• Absence of self control
• Lack of patience
• Less forgiving nature
EFFECTS OF KAPHA VITIATION Arthritis Asthma Bronchitis Cancer Colds Coronary heart disease Cough Depression Diabetes
Fibroid tumors Gallstones Edema Impotency Obesity Sinusitis Tumors Urinary stones Wet eczema
VATA AGGRAVATING FACTORS• Change of season from summer to autumn• Avoidance of tranquil, warm, moist places• Eating dry, rough, light, frozen or leftover
foods• Eating on the run• Excessive exposure to dry, cold, cloudy
weather• Excessive sexual indulgence• Excessive wakefulness (staying awake at
night, insufficient sleep)
• Falling down, bone fractures, injuries
• Fasting, insufficient food intake
• Fear, grief, worry, anxiety, agitation, anger, sadness, misery, mental shock
• Irregularity in daily and seasonal routines
• Major abdominal surgery
• Mental or physical exertion (excessive work, exercise, traveling, speaking)
• Never lubricating the body
• Repressing feelings
• Astringent, bitter, pungent foods
• Suppression of natural urges
• Use of drugs, especially cocaine and speed
• Excessive, sudden weight loss
(including due to disease)
• Exposure to high winds
• Working the night shift
• Vata period (time)– Afternoon & third part of the night – (2:00 pm – 6:00 pm and 2:00 am – 6:00 am)– Third hour after meal– After the age of 60
PITTA AGGRAVATING FACTORS
• Anger, hatred, jealousy, passion
• Avoidance of cool, fresh, peaceful places
• Drinking excessive amounts of alcohol
• Smoking tobacco
• Excessive consumption of tomatoes, chilies, raw onions, sour foods, and yogurt
• Engaging in frustrating activities
• Excessive exposure to heat, sunshine, fire
• Exercising at the hottest time of day
• Exertion, excessive activity, speaking and thinking
• Fasting (not invariably)
• Hot, sharp, sour, salty and pungent foods
• Intake of excess red meat and salted fish or other highly salted foods
• Pitta Period (middle age, midday, midnight, hot weather)– Midday & third part of the night – (10:00 am – 2:00 pm and 10:00 pm – 2:00 am)– Second hour after meals– Middle age between 30 – 60 years
• Repressing feelings
• Using drugs, especially cocaine, speed or marijuana
• Wearing tight, hot clothing
KAPHA AGGRAVATING FACTORS
• Avoidance of invigorating, warm, dry areas
• Denying your creative self
• Eating dessert every day, especially rich ones such as cheesecake or ice cream
• Excessive intake of fatty foods and oil
• Overeating
• Excessive rest and sleep (sleeping in the daytime, after meals or too much)
• Heavy, unctuous, cold, sweet, sour, saline, slimy food
• Insufficient mental and physical exercise or work
• Indulgence in inertia
• Kapha periods (childhood, morning, evening, cold and wet climate)
• Early morning and night– (6:00 am – 10:00 am & 6:00 pm – 10:00 pm)– First hour after meals– Childhood to middle age (0 – 30 years)
• Living on potato chips & beer
• Repressing feelings
• Using drugs, especially sedatives & tranquilizers
Ayurvedic Body types• Vata constitution
• Pitta constitution
• Kapha constitution
• Vata Pitta constitution
• Vata Kapha constitution
• Pitta Kapha constitution
• Pitta Vata constitution
• Kapha Vata constitution
• Kapha Pitta constitution
• Vata Pitta Kapha constitution
CHARACTERISTICS OF VATA CONSTITUTION
Irregular hunger and digestion
Display short-lived bursts of emotion
Enthusiasm, liveliness, imagination
Easy excitability
Changing moods
No set hour for bedtime
Keep irregular habits
• Light, interrupted sleep; tendency toward insomnia• Light, thin, body build• Love, excitement and constant change• Mental and physical energy comes in bursts• Perform activity too quickly• Quick to grasp new information, but with poor retention• Skip meals easily• Tendency to worry• Tendency toward constipation• Tire easily, tendency to over exert• Rapid gait (walking)
CHARACTERISTICS OF PITTA CONSTITUTION• Aversion to sun and hot weather• Cannot skip or delay meals• Enterprising character, likes challenges• Fair or ruddy skin, often freckled• Determined stride• Often thought to be too demanding, sarcastic, or
critical by others• Follow tight schedules and dislike wasting time• Medium build• Medium strength and endurance
• Precise, articulate speech• Sharp hunger and thirst, strong digestion• Sharp intellect• Take command of situations of feel that they
should• Tendency toward anger, irritable under stress• Wake up at night feeling hot and thirsty
CHARACTERISTICS OF KAPHA CONSITUTION
• Affectionate, tolerant and forgiving• Happy with the status quo and preserve it by
conciliating others• Cool, smooth, thick, pale, and often oily skin• Graceful movements, gliding walk• Charming eyes• Heavy, prolonged sleep• Ponder carefully for a long time before making
decisions
• Seek emotional comfort through eating• Slow digestion, mild hunger• Slow to grasp new information, but
excellent retentive memory• Solid, powerful build• Great physical strength and endurance
• Steady energy, slow and graceful in action• Tendency to be possessive, self-contented• Tendency toward obesity or overweight• Tranquil, relaxed personality, slow to anger• Wake up slowly, lie in bed a long time, and
often require coffee in the morning
BENEFITS OF SELF MASSAGE (ABHYANGA)
Cleanses the body Flushes toxins and impurities Stimulates the immune system Promotes free flow of energies Helps prevent accumulation of physiological imbalances Rejuvenates both the mind and body
Lubricates and promotes flexibility of joints, muscles and tissues
Rejuvenates the skin, promotes softness and luster Promotes youthfulness Invigorates the nervous and the endocrine systems through
stimulation of the vital points (marma) and cutaneous nerves throughout the skin that connect to every part of the body
Scientific Studies on Sesame Oil Massage
• Significant benefits from massaging newborns, such as enhanced weight gain and responsiveness
(Field T, Scafidi F, Schanberg S 1987 Massage of pre term newborns to improve growth and development. Pediatric Nursing 13:385-387)
(Rice R 1977 Neurophysiological development in premature infants following stimulation, Developmental Psychology 13:69-76)
• Dr. Edwards Smith found those who practice sesame oil massage daily have significantly less bacterial infection on their skin. This may have to do with the major component of sesame oil, linoleic acid, which makes up 40% of the oil. Lineoleic acid inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, is an anti-inflammatory agent, anticaricinogen. Sesame oil has been shown to inhibit in vitro malignant melanoma growth (Smith & Salerno 1992) and human colon adenocarcinoma cell line growth (Salerno & Smith 1991), antioxidant (Fukuda et al 1986, Sugano et al 1990)
Scientific Study On Sesame Oil Gargle
Dr. Mary Martha Stevens, Chairperson of the Dental Hygiene Department of Wichita State University, found that people who gargled with sesame oil daily had significantly lower (p<0.001) bacteria colony types in sub-gingival probe specimens (“The effects of a sesame oil mouth rinse on the number of oral bacteria colony types.”
(Presented at the 11th International Symposium on Dental Hygiene, Ottawa, Canada, June 1989)