Upload
global-innovation-academy
View
508
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Citation preview
CHILDHOOD OBESITY [innovation session]
Childhood obesity is one of the most serious
public health challenges of the 21st century.
Overweight and obese children are likely to stay
obese into adulthood and more likely to develop
noncommunicable diseases like diabetes and
cardiovascular diseases at a younger age.
Globally, in 2010, the
number of overweight
children under the age
of five is estimated to
be over 42 million.
Close to 35 million of
these are living in
developing countries.
THE PROBLEM
High Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Schoolchildren
THE PROBLEM
Increasing Number of Overweight Children Around the World
THE PROBLEM
Increase in Schoolchildren At Risk As Well
THE PROBLEM
Both Developed and Developing Countries Face the Challenge
THE PROBLEM
• Obesity prevalence varies between ethnic groups within countries.
• Gender differentials in obesity prevalence are also frequently observed and need to
be considered in programme planning.
• Evidence shows that television advertising influences children’s food preferences,
purchase requests and consumption patterns and that increasingly children are being
exposed to a wide range of other marketing techniques.
• Peers can serve as remarkably powerful role models for children and may share their
unhealthy eating or exercise habits with them.
• Obesity is linked to socioeconomic deprivation
• There is some evidence that parental and household behaviours shape the food
and exercise habits of the child
Factors that Influence Risk
THE PROBLEM
Economic Assessment of the Intervention at the Population Level
(Average Effect per Year)
THE CONTEXT
Cost per Life Year Gained in Good Health of Interventions to Tackle Obesity
THE CONTEXT
• Arkansas Act 1220 of 2003 requires that
all public school students have an annual
BMI screening
• Recent initiatives that limited access to
vending machines in schools, while at the
same time providing healthier alternatives
• Efforts to increase physical activity in
schools
Healthy Arkansas Initiative
THE OPPORTUNITY SPACE
• Compulsory membership of
Health Clubs for overweight
schoolchildren
• Monitor her height and weight
every month
• Teachers meet parents
regularly to recommend
healthier ways to prepare their
meals at home
Singapore “Fighting Obesity”
THE OPPORTUNITY SPACE
The big lesson on behaviour change is that environments and service design
matter more than individual treatments/intervention
THE OPPORTUNITY SPACE
How do we redesign our approach to tackling childhood obesity?
DRIVERS OF BEHAVIOUR
Habits
Beliefs
Translating Intention into Action
Automatic vs. Self-Reported Attitudes
Moral Climate
Habits are repeated behaviours, often fairly automatic and sometimes difficult to control, triggered by environmental cues. Habits can challenge motivations for behaviour change.
Beliefs about consequences, social norms and relative costs and benefits influence the behaviour changes that people are willing to make.
A perceived lack of time, reluctance toward short-term costs, distractions and stress can heighten a risk of failing to start or failing later on.
Automatic attitudes are those that people are unable or unwilling to retrieve from memory themselves. These often conflict with explicit or ‘self-reported’ attitudes (e.g. “I don’t like cake.”).
The effect that attitudes have on some behaviours is, in part, determined by moral norms.
Adapted from UK Government Office for Science, Tackling Obesities: Future Choices, 2nd ed.
POSSIBLE ROUTES TO ACTION
• Food regulation
• Fat taxes
• Public awareness
• TV
• Cycling lanes
• Walking buses for children
• Slow food
• Personal health technologies
Impact
Risk
POSSIBLE ROUTES TO ACTION