VITAMINE E ROLE ON DUODENUM HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF WHITE RAT (Rattus norvegicus, Berkenhout,

1769) UNDER CADMIUM EXPOSURE

Shadrina Fildzah Ramadhani

Counselor: Drs. Yohanes Sugiyanto, M.S.Faculty of Biology

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia

Introduction

Vitamin E as antioxidant

Cadmium toxicity

Cadmium (Cd)

Cadmium effects inside

the body

• Ingested cadmium is poorly absorbed.

• Cadmium does not undergo metabolic conversion

• Given orally, cadmium chloride is absorbed quickly in the lower side of oral and digestive tract lamina mucosa

Tunica Submucosa

Tunica Serosa

Tunica Mucosa

Tunica Muscularis

(Kuehnel, 2003)

Figure 1. Histological structure of Duodenum

Duodenum

Vitamin E

• Vitamin E has been shown, in some studies, to inhibit lipid peroxidation, and forms an integral part of the cell membrane

• Vitamin E is able to protect biological membranes against free radical damage

Objective

The aims of the study is to determine the effect of cadmium on the duodenum histological structure of

white rat (Rattus norvegicus, Berkenhout, 1769) and the dose of vitamin E as antitoxic.

Methods

Instrumentation

Materials

• Mayer’s albumin• Xilol• Hematoksilin• Eosin• Canada Balsam

18 white rats (Rattus norvegicus Bekenhout,1769)

Given treatmentfor 4 weeks

Aquades 1 ml/day (K1)

CdCl2 1 ml at dose 1,5 mg/kg bw/day (K2)

Vitamin E 6,2 IU (K3)

Treatment

CdCl2 1 ml at dose 1,5 mg/kg bw/day + vitamin

E 3,15 IU (P1)CdCl2 1 ml at dose 1,5

mg/kg bw/day + vitamin E 6,2 IU (P2)

CdCl2 1 ml at dose 1,5 mg/kg bw/day +

vitamin E 12 IU (P3)Euthanasia,

NecropsyPreparations and

scoring

Control

Methods

Observation

Damage on Duodenum

• Degeneration of Lamina Propria

• Infiltration of Leukocytes • Dilated Gland• Villi Fusion• Edema

Scoring system

• 0 = normal, damage absent• 1 = low, damage present, not in all coupes, not

in all rats• 2 = moderate, damage present, in all coupes,

not in all rats; not in all coupes, in all rats• 3 = high, damage present, in all coupes, in all

rats

Results

Table 1. Scoring damage on Control Group

Damage K (1) 1 K (1) 2 K (1) 3 K (2) 1 K (2) 2 K (2) 3 K (3) 1 K (3) 2 K (3) 3

Degeneration of Lamina Propria 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0

Infiltration of Leukocytes 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0

Dilated Gland 0 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 0

Villi Fusion 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0

Edema 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0

Table 2. Scoring damage on Treatment Group

Damage P(1) 1 P (1) 2 P (1) 3 P (2) 1 P(2) 2 P(2) 3 P (3) 1 P(3) 2 P (3) 3

Degeneration of Lamina Propria 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

Infiltration of Leukocytes 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dilated Gland 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

Villi Fusion 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0

Edema 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Results

A B

Figure 2. Duodenum Histological Structure of Control Group (A) Aquades dan (B) Vitamin E (10x10)

Figure 3. Damages by Cadmium on Histological Structure of Duodenum (A) Degeneration of Lamina Propria (B) Infiltration of

Leukocytes (C) Dilated Gland (D) Villi Fusion (E) Edema(10x40)

A C

D E

B

A B

C

Figure 4. Histological Structure of Tteatment Group (A) Cadmium + vitamin E 3,15 IU (B) Cadmium + vitamin E

6,2 IU (C) Cadmium + vitamin E 12 IU (10x10)

Cadmium

• Causes inflamation on intestine mucose

• Uncontrolled poiferation of intestinum cells

• Stacking of fluid in the interstitial tissue

Vitamin E

• Vitamin E, are able to interact with oxidizing radicals directly.

• Vitamin E terminates the chain reaction of lipid peroxidation in bio-membranes and lipoproteins

Conclusion

Vitamin E repair the damage of histological structure on duodenum under cadmium expousre of white rats

The optimal dose of vitamin E that can repair the damage is 6,2 IU

Acknowledgement

Thank You