Health Planning

Dr Utpal SharmaAssistant professor

Dept. of Community MedicineSMIMS, GANGTOK.

Planning is for tomorrow…. Management is for today

WHAT IS PLANNING?The process of …..

Setting goals, Developing strategies and….. Outlining tasks and schedules to accomplish the

goals.Planning is deciding in advance what to do,

how to do and who is to do it.

Cont….

It bridges the gap between where we are to, where we want to go.

It makes possible things to occur which would not otherwise occur.

Purpose of planning are…..Match the limited resources with problemsEliminate wasteful expenditure or its duplicationDevelop best course of action to achieve the

objectives

Cont….

Plan formulation

Execution Evaluation

Planning in the broadest sense includes three steps…

Development planning

The purpose of National Planning is to achieve a rapid, balanced, economic and social development of the country as a whole.

Health planning is a part of National planning and it is required for the economic utilization of….. Material, Manpower and…. Financial resources for improving the health services.

National Health Planning

Definition: The orderly process of - Defining community health problems,Identifying unmet needs Surveying the resources to meet them,Establishing priority goals that are realistic and

feasible andProjecting administrative action to accomplish

the purpose of the proposed programme.

Health needs and Demands

Health needs: Deficiencies in health that call for preventive, curative, control or eradication measures.

Some needs are well perceived by the community, some are vaguely perceived while some needs are perceived by the policy makers and not by the community.

ResourcesThe manpower, Money, Materials, Skills, Knowledge and techniques and… Time needed or available for the performance

or support of action directed towards specified objectives

Planning – end resultOBJECTIVE: It is a precise point to be achieved following

the implementation of a development proposal/plan. It may or may not be achieved and is the end-point of all

activities.

TARGET: It is a discrete activity that is to be fulfilled in order to achieve the objective.

It indicates the degree of achievement of the objectives. Objectives are concerned with the problems directly

while the target is concerned with the factors influencing the problem

Cont….

GOAL: The ultimate desired state towards which objectives and resources are directed. It may be described in terms of –

What is to be attained?The extent to which it is to be attained;The population or section of environment involved.The geographic area in which the proposed programme

will operate; andThe proposed length of time required.

Unlike objectives and targets it has no time constraints, resource limitation or necessarily attainable

How the goals should be???....

Elements of a plan

OBJECTIVES….POLICIES….PROGRAMMES…SCHEDULES &…BUDGET

Programme

It is a sequence of activities designed to implement policies and accomplish objectives.

Step by step approach to guide the action necessary to reach a predetermined goal.

It requires close integration with the objectives.

Cont…

SCHEDULE: It is the time sequence for the work to be done.

PROCEDURES: It is the set of rules for carrying out work which when observed by all will help ensure maximum utilization of resources and efforts.

POLICIES: These are a set of guiding principles for carrying out a work and not rigid commandments.

Schedule…. (Gantt chart)Sl. No Activities Jul15 Aug 15 Sep 15 Oct15 Nov 15 Dec 15 Jan 15 Feb 16 Mar 16 Apr 16

1. Index case finding locating address

2. Staff recruitmen

t 3. Pretesting

4. Data collection and data

entry

5. Analysis (Interim)

6. Analysis , validation and report

writing

Pre-planning

It is the preparation of planning with preconditions of…Government interest: strong “political will”Administrative capacity for proper coordination

of activities and implementation of plansLegislation: policies translated to legislationOrganization for planning: eg planning

commission

GALO

Planning cycle

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Planning cycle….in a nutshell

Policy ‘where are we now”

HNA

Where to go• Needs • Evidence • Resources• Public opinion

How to do it

Monitoring and Evaluation

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Planning cycle

1. Analysis of the health situationa) Population statisticsb) Statistics of morbidity and mortalityc) Manpower (HR)d) Existing medical care facilities e) Geographical distribution and epidemiologyf) Training facilities available g) Attitudes and beliefs

S M E G T A

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2. Establishment of objectives and goalsa) Should be established at all levelsb) It should be set by a person having authority. c) The goal should be realistic. d) It should be specific. e) Acceptability f) Easily measurable

Cont…

*Objectives are not only guide to action but yardstick to measure the work after it is done

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3. Assessment of resourcesa) Manpowerb) Moneyc) Materials d) Skills and knowledgee) Technical needs

Cont…

*A balance should be struck between requirements and availability

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4. Fixing priorities What determines priorities?Alternate plans developed….

5. Write formulated plansa) Must be complete in all respect to execute

the projectb) Detailed detecting input and outputc) Contained working guidance for executiond) Evaluation should be built in

Cont…

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6. Programming and implantationa) Assign and fix responsibilitiesb) Define roles and tasksc) Selection, training, motivation and supervisiond) Organization and communicatione) Efficiency of health institutions

Cont…

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7. Monitoring Continuous process of observing, recording

and reporting on the activities of the organization or project

8. Evaluation Measures the degree to which objectives and

targets are fulfilled and the quality of results obtained

Cont…

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Dictated by

Central policiesNational policies Local health need (HNA)Man power Pressure – Local– National– Political

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So you see…no planning no development…….. thank you