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There are 150,000 to 200,000 children born each year with congenital heart disease in India. Many will die undiagnosed; some will be diagnosed but allowed to die anyway due to lack of medical facilities nearby, or the inability to afford medical treatment; and yet others will reach the appropriate hospital, but at a stage too late for intervention. Very few will receive appropriate medical care at the right stage. Congenital heart defects are genetic and are sometimes associated with defects in other parts of the body. Consanguinity (parents related to each other) and exposure to certain drugs, viruses or X-rays during pregnancy may also be causative factors.
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Hea
art Disordders In Ne
ewBornss
Heart Disorders In NewBorns
There are 150,000 to 200,000 children born each year with congenital heart disease in India. Many will die undiagnosed; some will be diagnosed but allowed to die anyway due to lack of medical facilities nearby, or the inability to afford medical treatment; and yet others will reach the appropriate hospital, but at a stage too late for intervention. Very few will receive appropriate medical care at the right stage.
Congenital heart defects are genetic and are sometimes associated with defects in other parts of the body. Consanguinity (parents related to each other) and exposure to certain drugs, viruses or X‐rays during pregnancy may also be causative factors.
Congenital heart diseases may be broadly classified into Acyanotic and Cyanotic heart disease.
Acyanotic Heart Diseases
The common conditions under this group are:
• ArtrialSeptal Defects (ASD): defect between 2 atria • Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD): defect between two ventricles • Patent DuctusArteriosus (PDA): defect between aorta and pulmonary artery • Coarctation of Aorta: narrowing of the aorta
Symptoms
‐ Failure to thrive (ASD, VSD, PDA) ‐ Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections ‐ Signs of heart failure (children with large VSD and/or PDA) which in an infant may be
fatigability and excessive sweating. They are usually not blue.
Cyanotic Heart Diseases
In these diseases, due to cardiac defects, the oxygen levels in the blood are not optimal, and hence the child appears blue.
The common conditions under this group are:
• Tetralogy of fallout ‐ Blood flow to the lungs is obstructed and there is a large VSD through which blood is allowed to bypass the lungs without oxygenation.
• Transposition of the great arteries ‐ These children are born blue (fingers, toes, lips) or become cyanotic early in life.
Diagnosis
‐ Paediatricians and paediatric cardiologists are most likely to see the child first and diagnose the cardiac problem.
‐ Clinical examination by the doctor guides him to a diagnosis. ‐ Baseline investigations such as X‐ray of the chest and ECG substantiate the diagnosis.
Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) confirms the diagnosis in most instances. ‐ This provides sufficient data for the cardiologist and /or cardiac surgeon to decide on the
treatment. Additional data may be obtained by other investigations such as 64‐slice CT angiogram, cardiac MRI, cardiac catheterization and angiography.
Treatment
The treatment modalities are:
• Medical
• Cardiological Interventions
• Cardiac surgical procedures
Apollo Clinics Cradle specializes in handling a child’s health from the very first moment of his/her birth.It is necessary to diagnose congenital heart disease at the earliest, so that the chances of cure are higher. Walk in with your child to the nearest Apollo Clinic centre to have a complete check up to ensure a healthy life for your child.
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