HOW TO WRITE THE DISSERTATION…?

dr.r.selvakumarprofessor of anaesthesiology,k.a.p.viswanatham govt medical college,trichy.

STATISTICS C.M.E

General structure of a research project

IDEA FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS

SEARCH LITERATURE

CHECK WHETHER SIMILAR

IDEA ALREADY

STUDIED..?

FRAME OBJECTIVES

CHECK WHETHER

RESOURCES AVAILABLE?

DESIGN THE

STUDY

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General structure of a research project..

WRITE PROTOCOL

ETHICAL COMMITTEE PERMISSION

OBTAIN INFORMED CONSENT

CHECK FEASIBILITY(PILOT STUDY)

ALLOCATE INTO GROUPS

CARRY OUT EXPERIMENT AND COLLECT DATA

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General structure of a research project..

ORGANISE DATA

ANALYSE DATA

WRITE DOWN INFERENCES

INTERPRET FINDINGS

DRAW CONCLUSIONS

WRITE DISSERTATION

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STUDY DESIGN

DECIDE THE TYPE OF STUDY

CALCULATE SAMPLE SIZE

FINALISE THE NUMBER OF

GROUPS

WORK OUT DETAILED

METHODOLOGY

DECIDE THE STATISTICAL

TESTS/METHODS

SET THE LEVEL OF

SIGNIFICANCE

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SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION

DECIDE THE DIFFERENCE EXPECTED

FIND OUT THE S.D OF VARIABLES

SET THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE

SET THE BETA ERROR LEVEL

SELECT APPROPRIATE FORMULA

CALCULATE SAMPLE SIZE

STATISTICS C.M.E

Beta error: acceptance of null hypothesisas true when it is actually false”

GENERAL STRUCTURE OF A DISSERTATION:

TITLE PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

METHODOLOGY

OBSERVATION AND RESULTS

DISCUSSION

SUMMARY

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

ANNEXURES

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INTRODUCTION

HOW THE IDEA FOR THE STUDY ORIGINATED?

NEED FOR SUCH A STUDY

JUSTIFICATION FOR CARRYING OUT THE STUDY.

It is not merely the history of the procedureor the drug or the technique…

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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

Should be clear,legible and simple

Easily understandable

Final conclusion should have an answer for your objective.

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Brief history, anatomy,physiology and Pharmacological review.

There should be a chain of link

Must there be a reason to describe in detail

Read one or two good dissertations and have an idea….

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE….

Review the old literature in connection with your study.

You can quote the limitations and flaws in their technique

THEY NEED NOT BE SAME AS YOUR STUDY.

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MATERIALS AND METHODS

• Inclusion criteria• Exclusion criteria• How you arrived this Sample size?• How did you randomize?• Method of estimating the drug level, Scoring system, scales• Statistical methods used including the level of significance

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MATERIALS AND METHODS….

• Ethical clearance• Informed consent• Describe about the drop-outs, non-responders and non-compliance.

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OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

o Demographical features

o Select proper tables and bar diagrams

o Don’t repeat the features in the tables as bar charts.

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DISCUSSION

Try to justify the results with the help of the studies already done or with your own explanation.

Your explanation should be based on scientific principles

If your results differ from the previously reported work, discuss why the results are different

If in accordance with previous work, then discuss the implications of your findings.

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DISCUSSION…..

Your study need not match the results of the others study. It is not a must…

Discussion is the main part of the dissertation, which examiners want to read…

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SUMMARY

Why this work was done?

How it was done?

What was found..?

What are the implications of this work?

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CONCLUSION:

• ANSWER TO THE OBJECTIVE

• MAY BE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE

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REFERENCES @ BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Vancouver style of reference writing

• Have the important references in hand.

• Don’t mention the unheard journals.

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ANNENXUREo PROFORMA

o CONSENT FORM

o DETAILS OF STANDARD METHODOLOGY,

WHICH DIDN’T FORM THE MAIN “METHODS”

o LARGE TABLES

o PHOTOGRAPHS OF INSTRUMENTS ,DEVICES

o MASTER CHART

o STANDARD METHODS OF CLASSIFICATION

o CERTIFICATES-ETHICAL COMMITTEE, DRUG CONTROLLER

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Summarising….

Dissertation is to make you understand the nuances in scientific research…

When you go through an article in a journal, you have to know how to read it correctly…

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CONCLUSION:

Hope we made you to understandat least some basics about statistics and dissertation

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Thank you

Department of AnaesthesiologyK.A.P.Viswanatham Govt Medical College,Trichy