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• Tracheal intubation Emergency department
• FOB: fiberoptic bronchoscopy
• Gastroscopy
• Enteroscopy
• TEE: trans-esophageal echocardiography
• EBUS: endobronchial ultrasound
• ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography
Endoscopic
procedures
ARF Statistics
Every day, in europe, the 0,01% of the population undergoes an upper endoscopy.
Europe = 73˙100 UE per day Italy = 6˙100 UE per day
The 5% of those patients develops an Acute Respiratory Failure
Europe= 3˙655 ARF per day
Italy= 305 ARF per day
Physician’s dilemma
ARF
PROBE REMOVAL
O₂ NIV STANDARD
REPEAT THE PROCEDURE
INTUBATION
INTRAPROCEDURAL NIV
PLANNED
PREDICTION ERRORS
9 ARF out of 10
Lead to procedure interruption
Europe= 789˙480 delayed UE
Italy = 65˙880 delayed UE
Every year
Costs for procedure repetition
Sedation 90 € (Propofol ,midazolam &
hydroxyzine)
EGDS 95 €
FOB 181 €
ERCP 415 €
TEE 947 €
EBUS 1120 €
Enteroscopy 1363 €
Tracheal intubation 832 € per day (stay, in Italy)
Physician’s dilemma
ARF
PROBE REMOVAL
O₂ NIV STANDARD
REPEAT THE PROCEDURE
INTUBATION
INTRAPROCEDURAL NIV
PLANNED
PREDICTION ERRORS
IN CASE OF NEED
Emergency NIV opens up new possibilities
• Deeper sedations
• Larger safety margins
• Choice of non-surgical settings