Upload
leofer38
View
3.363
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Microorganisms, Food Safety &
HACCP
What is a Microorganism?
• Microorganisms (microbes) are viruses, bacteria and fungi
• They are too small to be seen with the naked eye, but can be seen with a microscope
• They are single celled organisms
Image Credit: USDA
Photo by: Scott Bauer
Where Do Microbes Live?
• Microbes live in the water you drink, the food you eat, and the air you breathe.
• Right now, billions of microbes are swimming in your belly and mouth, and crawling on your skin!
Are Microbes Harmful?
• 95% of all microbes are harmless
• Some are very beneficial to humans
• Bacteria in people’s intestines help to digest food
• Some harmless microbes protect people by competing with harmful microbes for space
Image Credit: www.microorganisms.com
How do Microbes Multiply?
• They multiply QUICKLY!
• Scientists often use scientific notation to express their large numbers
Number Scientific Notation
1 1x100
100 1x102
10,000 1x104
1,000,000 1x106
Some Common Harmful Bacteria in Food
Name Where is it found?
Disease/Result
Salmonella Raw meats, poultry, dairy products, vegetables and fruits
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever
E.Coli 0157:H7 Raw and undercooked ground beef, other red meat, unpasteurized milk, soft cheese, fresh fruit and vegetables
Abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, occasional fever
Salmonella & E.Coli 0157:H7
Image Credit: EHA Consulting Group Inc.
Salmonella
E.Coli 0157:H7
Why are Space Scientists Concerned about Microbes?
• Seven astronauts (each with their own microbes) will be living in small, air-tight space for months or years
• Harmful microbes can spread and make the crew sick
• Aspects of spaceflight are known to weaken the human immune system
• Certain microbes can attack the materials and hardware of the Station
Image Credit: USDA
What is NASA Doing to Eliminate Harmful Microbes in Space?
• Testing each crewmate for infection before launch
• Only healthy crew members are allowed to fly in space
What About the Water and Air?
• Air, water and surfaces with which crew members interact must be kept clean
• All air in the space station will pass through filters-High Efficiency Particle Air (HEPA) filters
• Water will be disinfected by a machine called a Catalytic Oxidator
Protecting Space Station Materials
• Some harmful microbes can thrive on the Space Station
• Eventually, they could eat away at the Space Station material
Image Credit: NASA
Protection of the Space Station Materials
• Humidity of the air will be kept low
• Astronauts will clean materials
• Paint with a fungus-killing chemical will be used
Image Credit: NASA
How can we control microbial growth here on
Earth?
NASA Spin-offs
• Dozens of NASA Spin-offs have improved our lives here on Earth
• In order to prevent bacterial contamination in space, NASA hired Pillsbury to develop a preventative food safety program
• Pillsbury developed the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) program
HACCP
• HACCP is designed to prevent food safety problems rather than catch then after they occur
• It includes seven principles
• It was adopted by the FDA in the1990’s
HACCP’s Seven Principles for Food Safety
1. Analyze Hazards
2. Identify Critical Control Points
Principles 3 & 4
3. Establish Critical Limits for each Critical Control Point
4. Establish Monitoring Procedures
Principles 5, 6 & 7
5. Establish Corrective Actions
6. Establish Verification Activities
7. Establish Records and Documentation
What are some ways your could implement HACCP Principles in your home
kitchen?