Module 5 counselling to suit the client part c (prac guide)

Module 5 Part C Practical Session:

Using the Right Counselling Technique

CHCCSL506A

Apply counselling therapies to address a

range of client issues

2

You will need Observation Checklist

from TASK 7

• This session will introduce you to some different therapies

which you can practice together in class. These include:

– Person Centered Therapy (PCT) –sometimes called ‘client-centered

therapy)

– Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

– Solution Focused

– Psychoanalytic Therapy (using Life Line techniques)

– Behaviour Therapy (BT)

• Before you start… please read over TASK 7 in your

assessment booklet to review the observation checklist

requirements.

(c) Copyright CTA CHCCSL506A, MODULE 5 PRAC Version Date: 11.3.13

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Sign off… complete assessment…

• Your trainer will be looking

for evidence of your

capacity during this practice

session so that they can

sign you off.


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Time frames

• In three hours – you will need to cover 5 types of therapies

which will be explained to you. This will leave you 15 minutes

strictly to ‘taste’ a therapy both as a counsellor and as a client.

• It will be important to practice your skills in more depth with

other students outside of class time to really get to know

these techniques.

• If you can’t get to practice with other students, ask friends and

family members to become ‘guinea pigs’. Make up scenarios.

• If you miss the opportunity to work with these therapies in

class contact a CTA tutor for a skype assessment session.


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REVISE PERSON-CENTERED THERAPY

Person-Centered Therapy


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Person-centered psychotherapy

• Person-Centered Therapy

(PCT), also known as

Client-centered therapy or

Rogerian Psychotherapy,

was developed by the

humanist psychologist Carl

Rogers in the 1940s and

1950s.

• It is one of the most widely

used models in mental

health and psychotherapy.


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Client-centered therapy

• The basic elements of

Rogerian therapy involve

showing congruence

(genuineness), empathy,

and unconditional positive

regard towards a client.

• Based on these elements

the therapist creates a

supportive, non-judgmental

environment in which the

client is encouraged to

reach their full potential. [1]


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How it works…

• PCT is used to help a person achieve

personal growth and/or come to terms

with a specific event or problem.

• PCT is based on the principle of talking

therapy and is a non-directive approach.

• The therapist encourages the patient to

express their feelings and does not

suggest how the person might wish to

change, but by listening and then

mirroring back what the patient reveals

to them, helps them to explore and

understand their feelings for themselves.


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The client decides…

• The client is then able to

decide what kind of

changes they would like to

make and can achieve

personal growth.

• Although this technique has

been criticized by some for

its lack of structure and set

method, it has proved to be

a hugely effective and

popular treatment.


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The 6 conditions for change

1. Therapist-Client

Psychological Contact

• A relationship between

client and therapist must

exist.

• It must be a relationship

in which each person's

perception of the other is

important.


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6 conditions cont.

2. Client incongruence or

Vulnerability

• That incongruence exists

between the client’s

experience and

awareness.

• Furthermore, the client is

vulnerable to anxiety

which motivates them to

stay in the relationship.


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6 conditions cont.

3. Therapist congruence

or Genuineness

• The therapist is

congruent within the

therapeutic relationship.

• The therapist is deeply

his or herself - they are

not “acting” - and they

can draw on their own

experiences (self-

disclosure) to facilitate

the relationship.


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6 conditions cont.

4. Therapist Unconditional

Positive Regard (UPR)

• The therapist accepts the

client unconditionally,

without judgment,

disapproval or approval.

• This facilitates increased

self-regard in the client,

as they can begin to

become aware of

experiences in which their

view of self-worth was

distorted by others.


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6 conditions cont.

5. Therapist Empathic

understanding

• The therapist experiences an

empathic understanding of

the client’s internal frame of

reference.

• Accurate empathy on the

part of the therapist helps the

client believe the therapist’s

unconditional love for them.


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6 conditions cont.

6. Client Perception

• That the client perceives, to

at least a minimal degree,

the therapist’s Unconditional

Positive Regard and

empathic understanding.


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Practice PCT

• Divide into pairs.

• Ask the other student, what current issues they might be

facing that are causing them stress, confusion, hurt etc. (It

may be that someone simply has to make a decision soon.)

• Take 15 minutes to listen to the other person, ‘getting it’

without offering advice, and practicing unconditional positive

regard for the other and using micro-skills to reflect on what

they have said. For example you may use a lot of ‘minimal

prompts’

• When you both finish… you might like to write down what the

experience was like to have someone listen without

manipulating the conversation in any way!


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REVIEW THE SLIDES ON COGNITIVE

THERAPY AND COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL

COUNSELLING

Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Counselling


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Humanistic counselling – Cognitive Therapy

• In the 1950s, both Psychoanalytic

theory and Behaviourism were

challenged by humanist thought

as being too pessimistic about

human nature.

• Humanism is a theoretical

orientation that emphasises the

unique qualities of humans,

especially their freedom and their

potential for personal growth.


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CBT

• Carl Rogers and Abraham

Maslow took an optimistic

view of human nature.

• They forged the basis of

Cognitive Therapy, which

emphasises the importance

of thinking and changing

our thinking in order to

influence positive human

behaviour.


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Cognitive Behavioural Counselling or

Therapy (CBT)

• Albert Ellis

• ABC model

• Change the way you think…

change the way you feel and

act…

• Many counsellors use CBT… it

is one of the most researched

therapeutic interventions


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A – activating event, B- resultant belief,

C – emotional consequences


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Practice CBT

• Go back to your partner now and this time with the same

issue… look at the story in the light of the ABC the activating

event…the belief and the resultant emotional consequence.

Review the the ‘thoughts’.

• Explain to them how thinking often impacts feelings and

behaviour… Explore a ‘reframe’/ imagine thinking something

different and see if you can assist them to commit to ‘thought

stopping’ and changing thoughts in order to feel differently

about the situation.


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REVISE SOLUTION FOCUSED THERAPY

Solution Focused Therapy


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Solution focused therapy

• Milton Erickson placed emphasis on turning perceived deficits into resources

• ‘Amplify what is already working, look for times when the client has been successful in the past and for times when the client has used coping skills successfully’

• St Luke’s Innovative Resources which include the Strength and Bear Cards series

• www.stlukes.org.au or phone 03 54401100


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You can use one of two strategies for Solution

Focused Therapy

• The Miracle Question is not

a bad approach if the

situation is not too

threatening to the client.

• If the situation is more

severe you can use the 5

Column Approach


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Use the miracle question…

• If a miracle happened, what would the miracle be… what

would it look like, feel like, what would it be like to be You if

the miracle took place?

• What would happen if you acted like the miracle had already

taken place?

• What actions would you take?

• How would you feel?

• What would you do differently?

• What would you be thinking?

• Practice the miracle question with your partner with the same

issue.


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Encourage strengths

• Together with the miracle question, look at strengths the other

person has demonstrated in the past… what things are easy

for them?

• Can they apply their strengths to this situation that they are

facing?

• You may use the Strength Cards from St Luke’s Innovative

Resources.


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The 5 Column Approach

Event/story Strengths Apply the

strengths

Plan the next

steps

The resulting

story

1 3 4 5 2

In this column

briefly write

down the

problem being

faced by the

client. Now go

to the last

column as the

second step...

Now write

down your

strengths and

abilities. Go to

4 apply the

strengths

See if you

can apply

these

strengths to

the problem

in a new way.

Now go to

step 5 plan

the steps

Once you have

come up with

some ways to

apply your

strengths to the

problems in a new

way, sequence the

steps that you will

take to make

things happen

differently. Now

review the

resulting story

again.

Write down

what would be

an ideal ending

that you would

be happy with.

Go to step 3

the Strengths


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How does it feel?

• Write down what this was like for you?


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Psychoanalytic Therapy (using the Life Line)

You have already had some

experience with the Life

Line in Module 3. Today you

will use this model in a

different way as you only

have 15 minutes to do

this activity.

Use a line to represent the

span of the person’s life.

Put in the event that they are

struggling with on the

timeline.

• Find the meaning and

feeling of the event to the

person and then ask for any

other events in their life

prior to this that has

generated a similar

response.

• Record this on the Life Line.


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Psychoanalytic interventions…

• Life Line technique… has its roots in psychoanalytic theory

and therapy… which says that the present is linked to our

past.

• By getting an understanding and perspective on our

chronology… we can better understand the moment we are

in… and the path that we may move towards in the future.

• After spending 15 minutes with each person being asked

about their life events and recording this… you may like

to write down how this type of therapy felt for you.


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REVISE BEHAVIOURISM

Behaviourism


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• B.F.Skinner

• Watson

• We are stimulus/response

creatures… we move

towards reward and avoid

punishment

• Thinking… is a nonsense

concept


Behaviourism

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Behaviour therapy

• Using the same issue again that the person has shared…

look at ways of building in rewards for more positive

behaviours and ways of building in ‘punishments’ for negative

behaviours… together build a strategy for life change.

• Take 15 minutes to design a program… to reprogram

behaviour for the other person… do this of course with the

other person!

• After this is completed… you might like to write down

how this felt as a therapy.


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Discussion

• What did you discover in

each of these therapy

experiences?

• What was the most

enjoyable?

• The most enlightening?

• The most encouraging?

• The most empowering?

• The one that you felt would

bring the greatest outcomes

for you?


Health & Medicine

Module 5 counselling to suit the client part c (prac guide)