Nasal Cavity

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The Nasal Cavity

Prepared by: Mary Jane CañosUniversity of the Philippines VisayasCollege of Arts and Sciences

2/24/2014


DID YOU KNOW THAT?

That the nasal septum doesn’t necessarily lies in the midline?

In fact, the Nasal Septum rarely lies in the midline; thus resulting in the increase in size of the other half of the nasal cavity compared to its other half.

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Nasal Cavity- Extends from the nostrils in front to the choanae (posterior nasal apertures) behind, where the nose opens into the nasopharynx

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Nasal Vestibule- Area of the nasal cavity lying just inside the nostril

Nasal Septum-Divides the nasal cavity into left and right halves- made up of septal cartilage which is the vertical plate of ethmoid and vomer

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Walls of the Nasal Cavity- Each half of the nasal cavity has a floor, a roof, a lateral wall and a medial or septal wall

FLOOR- The palatine process of maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone

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Roof- Is narrow and is formed anteriorly beneath the bridge of the nose by the nasal and frontal bones and in the middle by the cribiform plate of the ethmoid

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LATERAL WALL-Comprised of 3 bone projections namely: the superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae

MEATUS- specific space below each concha

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Sphenoethmoidal Recess-A small area above the the Superior concha

Superior Meatus-Lies below the superior concha-receives the openings of the posterior ethmoid sinuses

-Middle Meatus- lies below the Middle concha

-Bulla ethmoidalis- located in the Middle concha which is a rounded swelling formed by the middle ethmoidal air sinuses

-Hiatus Semilunaris- a curved opening that lies just below the bulla

-Infundibulum- a funnel shaped channel located at the anterior end of the Hiatus Semilunaris; continuous with the Frontal sinus

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Maxillary Sinus- opens into the Middle meatus through the Hiatus Semilunaris

Inferior Meatus- Below the inferior concha and receives the opening of the lower end of the nasolacrimal duct

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MEDIAL WALL-Formed by the Nasal Septum

UPPER PART- formed by the vertical plate of ethmoid and vomerANTERIOR PART- formed by septal cartilage

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Mucous Membrane of the nasal cavity

Vestibule- lined with modified skin and has coarse hairs

Area above the SUPERIOR CONCHA- lined with olfactory mucous membrane and contains nerve endings sensitive to the reception of smell

Lower part of the Nasal Cavity- lined with respiratory mucous membrane

Respiratory region- Large plexus veins in the submucous connective tissue

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Warm Blood and Mucous

Warm Blood-Heats up the inspired air

Mucous- Traps foreign particles and organisms in the inspired air

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Nerve Supply

-OLFACTORY NERVES from the olfactory mucous membrane that ascends thru the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone to the Olfactory bulb

- Nerves of Ordinary Sensation which are branches of the Opthalamic (VI) and Maxillary div. (V2) of the Trigeminal nerve

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Blood Supply-From branches of MAXILLARY ARTERY (one of the terminal branches of the external carotid artery)

- SPHLENOPALATINE ARTERY

- Submucous venous plexus is drained by the veins that accompanies the arteries

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Lymph Drainage

-lymph vessels draining:

•VESTIBULE END in the submandibular nodes

•Remainder of the nasal cavity that pass the upper deep cervical nodes

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Paranasal Sinuses-Cavities found in the interior of the maxilla, frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid bones

- lined with a mucoperiosteum and filled with air

- communicates with the nasal cavity through relatively small apertures

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Drainage of Mucous- Achieved by: ciliary action of the columnar cells & siphon action created by the blowing of the nose

FunctionThe paranasal sinuses serve as: resonators to the voice & reduces weight of the skull

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Generalization:The Nasal Cavity:

1. Has openings for the paranasal sinuses

2. Has a vestibule which contains the Olfactory epithelium

3. Connected to the pharynx by the Nares

4. Has passageways called conchae

5. Lined with pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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Examination of the Nasal cavity

-By inserting a speculum through the External Nares

-By means of a mirror in the pharynx

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Trauma of the Nose-Fractures involving the nasal bones are common

•Frontal blows- results to inward or downward displacement of nasal bones (esp. nasal septum)

•Lateral fracture- results to inward or outward displacement of the nasal bones

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Infection of the Nasal cavity

-Infections can spread to a variety of direction

-Paranasal cavity- especially prone to infection

- may produce Meningitis

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Foreign Bodies in Nose- Impaction and retention of the foreign bodies are made easy by the presence of the nasal septum and conchae

Nose BleedingEPISTAXIS- bleeding from nose; most commonly caused by nosepicking

-Occurs mostly on the anteroinferior portion of the septum

-Involves the septal branches of the sphlenopalatine and facial vessels

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Median Nasal furrow

- The nasal septum is split, separating the 2 halves of the nose

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Lateral Probosis

- A skin- covered process develops, usually with a dimple at its lower end

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Guyton, Arthur C. & Hall, John E. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th Ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: ELSEVIER SAUNDER, 2006.print

Tortora, Gerard J. & Derrickson, Bryan. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 12th Ed. 111 River Street, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2009.print

Sources:

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Health & Medicine

Nasal Cavity