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This presentation describes tissue necrosis
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NECROSISNECROSIS
Dr. R. Dr. R. GeethaGeetha M.D.M.D.Professor Professor
Department of PathologyDepartment of PathologySMCSMC
DEFINITION OF NECROSISDEFINITION OF NECROSIS
Spectrum of morphologic changes that follows cell death in living tissues.
CAUSES OF NECROSISCAUSES OF NECROSIS
ISCHEMIAISCHEMIAPHYSICAL AGENTSPHYSICAL AGENTSCHEMICAL AGENTSCHEMICAL AGENTSIMMUNOLOGICAL INJURYIMMUNOLOGICAL INJURY
PATHOGENESIS OF NECROSIS
1.Denaturation of intracellular proteins.
2.Enzymatic digestion of the cell.
MORPHOLOGYMORPHOLOGY
Increased Increased eosinophiliaeosinophilia of cytoplasmof cytoplasmGlassy homogeneous appearanceGlassy homogeneous appearanceCytoplasm is Cytoplasm is vacuolated,mothvacuolated,moth eateneatenCalcification of dead cells.Calcification of dead cells.Appearance of myelin figuresAppearance of myelin figuresGeneration of calcium soapsGeneration of calcium soaps
CYTOPLASMIC CHANGES
NUCLEAR CHANGESNUCLEAR CHANGES
1. KARYOLYSIS
Fading of basophilia of chromatin
Due to DNAase activity.
2. PYKNOSIS2. PYKNOSIS
Nuclear shrinkage and increased basophilia
3.KARYORRHEXIS3.KARYORRHEXIS
Fragmentation of pyknotic nucleus
TYPES OF NECROSISTYPES OF NECROSIS
CoagulativeCoagulative necrosisnecrosisLiquefactiveLiquefactive necrosisnecrosisCaseousCaseous necrosisnecrosisFat necrosisFat necrosisFibrinoidFibrinoid necrosisnecrosis
COAGULATIVE NECROSISCOAGULATIVE NECROSIS
Preservation of general tissue Preservation of general tissue architecturearchitecture--tombstone appearance tombstone appearance of the cells.of the cells.Affected tissue is firmAffected tissue is firmDenaturation of structural proteins Denaturation of structural proteins and enzymatic digestion of cells.and enzymatic digestion of cells.Example Example –– Heart, Heart, kidney,spleenkidney,spleen..
NORMAL NORMAL HEARTHEART
COAGULATIVE NECROSIS
COAGULATIVE NECROSIS HEART
COAGULATIVE NECROSISNORMAL KIDNEY
COAGULATION NECROSISNORMAL SPLEEN
LIQUIFACTIVE NECROSISLIQUIFACTIVE NECROSIS
The tissue becomes liquid viscous The tissue becomes liquid viscous massmassMaterial is creamy yellow in colorMaterial is creamy yellow in colorSeen in brain, abscessSeen in brain, abscess..
LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS BRAIN
LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS BRAIN
LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSISNORMAL BRAIN
LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS BRAIN
GANGRENOUS NECROSISGANGRENOUS NECROSIS
Wet gangreneWet gangreneDry gangreneDry gangreneGas gangreneGas gangrene
WET GANGRENEWET GANGRENE
Occurs in moist tissues like mouth, bowel, Occurs in moist tissues like mouth, bowel, lung, cervixlung, cervixDiabetic footDiabetic footBed soresBed sores
WET GANGRENE INTESTINE
WET GANGRENE
DRY GANGRENEDRY GANGRENE
Toes and feet due to arteriosclerosisToes and feet due to arteriosclerosisThromboangitisThromboangitis obliteransobliteransRaynaudRaynaud diseasediseaseTraumaTrauma
DRY GANGRENE
WET GANGRENE DRY GANGRENEWET GANGRENE DRY GANGRENE
BowelBowelVenous obstructionVenous obstructionMoist,swollen,darkMoist,swollen,darkNo clear line of No clear line of demarcationdemarcationBacteria presentBacteria presentPrognosis poorPrognosis poor
LimbLimbArterial obstructionArterial obstructionDry, shrunken, blackDry, shrunken, blackPresence of line of Presence of line of demarcationdemarcationNo bacteriaNo bacteriaPrognosis betterPrognosis better
GAS GANGRENEGAS GANGRENE
Wet gangrene caused by gram Wet gangrene caused by gram positive anaerobic bacteriapositive anaerobic bacteriaSeen in muscle and in colonSeen in muscle and in colon
GAS GANGRENEGAS GANGRENE
CASEOUS NECROSISCASEOUS NECROSIS
Type of Type of coagulativecoagulative necrosisnecrosisSeen in tuberculous infectionsSeen in tuberculous infectionsTissue is cheesy white in appearanceTissue is cheesy white in appearanceThe tissue architecture is preservedThe tissue architecture is preserved
CASEOUS NECROSIS LUNG
CASEOUS NECROSIS LUNG
CASEOUS NECROSIS LYMPHNODECASEOUS NECROSIS LYMPHNODE
CASEOUS NECROSIS LYMPH NODE
CASEOUS NECROSIS
CASEATION NECROSIS LYMPH NODE
FAT NECROSISFAT NECROSIS
Seen in pancreas, breastSeen in pancreas, breastIn acute pancreatitis ,activated In acute pancreatitis ,activated lipase causes fat necrosis.lipase causes fat necrosis.Grossly visible chalky white Grossly visible chalky white areas.areas.Presence of shadowy outlines of Presence of shadowy outlines of necrotic cells.necrotic cells.
FAT NECROSIS
FAT NECROSIS
FIBRINOID NECROSISFIBRINOID NECROSIS
Deposition of fibrin like materialDeposition of fibrin like materialSeen in immunologic cell injury, Seen in immunologic cell injury,
hypertension ,peptic ulcer.hypertension ,peptic ulcer.
FIBRINOID NECROSISFIBRINOID NECROSIS