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Policy Analysis of Disability Assistive Technology in the U.S. Project assignment for UM Pub Pol 650.
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Disability Policy: Assistive Technology & Employment
Alexander C KazerooniIntroduction to Science & Technology
Policy AnalysisPub Pol 650
Professor Jason M CrossApril 13, 2011
Outline Introduction Background Evidence Stakeholders Value Analysis Policy Assessment Recommendations
“We are only beginning to understandthe interaction among the medical,environmental and societal factors that linkto disability.” NIDRR
The Reality
There is a disability caused by a motor vehicle crash every 30 seconds.
The probability of at least one owner in a two-owner firm becoming disabled before reaching age 65 is 23%, if each is age 30
30% of all people 35 to 65 will suffer a disability for at least 90 days and one in seven will be disabled for five years.*
Approximately 90% of disabilities are caused by illnesses rather than accidents
2004 Assitive Technology Act Present Need
• 54 Million Americans• Natural Part of Human Experience• Public Value Mapping & Programs• Acknowledges lack of Coordination
State Assistive Technology Programs• 1 ATAP per State• Governor assigns lead agency
Advisory Council• Consumer Responsive, Consumer Driven• Planning, Implementation• Quantified Metrics / Outcomes• Health, Employment, Education
Funding• Grants proportional to population basis• [$1.2M < $ 0.6M ]• Dept of Education NIDRR >$200M• Collaboration: Market Size: $2.86 Billion
Employment• National Public Awareness Toolkit
Risk vs. CertaintyRisk/ Certainty
HI LO
HI SocietyMilitaryEmployerFamilyIndividual
NO
LO Individual N/A
Mixture of policy frameworks• Tornado• Abortion
Policy Principle• Avoidance• Assistance Benefits
SSA
Background: Fragmented Policies
2010Executive Order 15438
1990 ADA
2004 Asst. Tech. Act ;
1998 RA 508
USSC 2004 Inmate vs.. GA;
1973 RA
1978 NIDRR
1934 ‘ Cannot
Work’
1998 Olmstead vs.. L.C.
Judicial Languag
e
2015 ‘Mandate’ 100,000 People with Disability
States can decide not to serve a section of state citizens
Discrimination includes lack of accommodations
People with Disability have lower levels of education
People with Disability require accommodations for equality and economic freedom
EvidenceEDUCATION EMPLOYMENT
Evidence
National Institute for Disability Research and Rehabilitation: Logic Model
Stakeholders: SPONSORED SPONTANEOUS
Executive
Legislative
People with
Disability
Judicial
Philanthropy
Populous
People with Disability
Industry Employers
Value- Knowledge Tension
Value Analysis
People with Disability
PresidentEquality
CourtsJustice
IndustryRisk Averse
LegislaturePopulous; $
Autonomy
Funding
Inclusion Tumultuous ; Ideological
Productivity, Reliability, Profit
DoEd- NIDRR NIH, DHHS, NCMRRNSFVASBASSA
UniversitiesPhilanthropySocial EntrepreneursTechnology Entrepreneurs
CitizensCitizen ScientistsSmall BusinessIndustry
Security
Trust
Policy Assessment: Public & Market Failure
NHIS-D Survey 1995/2005
DoEd NIDRR 2000
Assistive Tech Act 2004; NIDRR Phase II
Congress 2008 enforce Disability Language, RA and ADA
NIDRR Phase II 2010-2014
Avoidance Principle Precautionary Principle (Budget)
Policy AssessmentPublic & Market Failure
PUBLIC: FALSE STARTSMARKET: NON-COMPETITIVE
Executive Order• 2010• 1998
Legislation• 1990 ADA Amendment Act• 2008 ADA • 1998 RA- Amendment
Section 508 (IT)• 1974 RA
USSC• 2010 Google Accessibility• 2007 DOJ vs. UMICH• 2004 State’s Rights• 1998 Olmstead vs.. L.C.
Young Tech Infrastructure Low Tech Transfer Low Translation Low Commercialization
• 4 NAIC Codes• Few commercial providers• 40,000 Products, little function.
Adoption Barriers • Market barriers: Features, Benefits, Cosy• Corporate ‘Risk & Liability’ Culture
Sustainability • NIDRR Funding• NIDRR ‘LOGIC ‘ model for public value
and end user creativity Leadership Gap
• Social• Technical
Society Acceptance
Recommendation: National Laboratory Agility Execute long-term
government missions with substantial scientific and technological content.
Develop unique scientific capabilities beyond the scope of academic and industrial institutions.
Government desires assured access.
Multi-disciplinary teams. Distinctive, powerful
research facilities and user facilities
Safe and secure operating environments essential to national interests.
Ensuring a strong portfolio of laboratories.
Defining and awarding research programs
Building and refreshing world class capabilities
Maintaining laboratory infrastructure.
Reviewing and assuring management and operations performance.
Champion need for a National Public Inclusive Infrastructure
Bibliography * Health Association of America; The New
York Times, 02.02
**National Safety Council Accident Facts, 02.02
***Based on recent disability insurance industry experience
http://www.ncddr.org/products/researchexchange/v05n01/strategyresults.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pkdfOOoIw0